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AHRQ Research Studies Date
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 26 Research Studies DisplayedGrainger R, Dalbeth N, Keen H
Imaging as an outcome measure in gout studies: Report from the OMERACT Gout Working Group.
Discussion in the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) working group was focused to consider (1) features of gout that should be recorded using imaging, (2) best methods of measuring these features, and (3) joints that should be imaged. The working group identified 3 relevant domains for imaging in gout studies: urate deposition (tophus burden), joint inflammation, and structural joint damage.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Grainger R, Dalbeth N, Keen H .
Imaging as an outcome measure in gout studies: Report from the OMERACT Gout Working Group.
J Rheumatol 2015 Dec;42(12):2460-4. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.141164..
Keywords: Imaging, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Chronic Conditions
McCarthy IM
Putting the patient in patient reported outcomes: a robust methodology for health outcomes assessment.
Through a series of Monte Carlo simulations, this paper illustrates that reliance solely on the summary score may lead to biased estimates of incremental effects, and proposes a novel two-stage approach that allows for unbiased estimation of incremental effects. The proposed methodology essentially reverses the order of the analysis, from one of 'aggregate, then estimate' to one of 'estimate, then aggregate'.
AHRQ-funded; HS022431.
Citation: McCarthy IM .
Putting the patient in patient reported outcomes: a robust methodology for health outcomes assessment.
Health Econ 2015 Dec;24(12):1588-603. doi: 10.1002/hec.3113.
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Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Quality of Life, Research Methodologies
Petkovic J, Epstein J, Buchbinder R
Toward ensuring health equity: Readability and cultural equivalence of OMERACT patient-reported outcome measures.
The goal of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 12 (2014) equity working group was to determine whether and how comprehensibility of patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) should be assessed, to ensure suitability for people with low literacy and differing cultures. The results of this preconference work were presented to the equity working group participants to gain their perspectives on the importance of comprehensibility and cross-cultural adaptation for PROM.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Petkovic J, Epstein J, Buchbinder R .
Toward ensuring health equity: Readability and cultural equivalence of OMERACT patient-reported outcome measures.
J Rheumatol 2015 Dec;42(12):2448-59. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.141168.
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Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Health Literacy
Blecker S, Goldfeld K, Park H
Impact of an intervention to improve weekend hospital care at an academic medical center: an observational study.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a weekend hospital intervention on processes of care and clinical outcomes. The multifaceted intervention included expanded weekend diagnostic services, improved weekend discharge processes, and increased physician and care management services on weekends. The intervention was associated with a reduction in length of stay and an increase in weekend discharges.
AHRQ-funded; HS023683.
Citation: Blecker S, Goldfeld K, Park H .
Impact of an intervention to improve weekend hospital care at an academic medical center: an observational study.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Nov;30(11):1657-64. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3330-6.
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Keywords: Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Hospitals, Hospital Discharge, Hospital Readmissions, Healthcare Delivery, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Bangalore S, Ogedegbe G, Gyamfi J
Outcomes with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors vs other antihypertensive agents in hypertensive blacks.
The study’s objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors when compared with other antihypertensive agents in hypertensive blacks. It found that in a large cohort of hypertensive blacks, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with less benefit when compared with calcium channel blockers or thiazide diuretics.
AHRQ-funded; HS018589.
Citation: Bangalore S, Ogedegbe G, Gyamfi J .
Outcomes with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors vs other antihypertensive agents in hypertensive blacks.
Am J Med 2015 Nov;128(11):1195-203. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.04.034..
Keywords: Blood Pressure, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Medication, Outcomes, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness
Fritz JM, Magel JS, McFadden M
Early physical therapy vs usual care in patients with recent-onset low back pain: a randomized clinical trial.
This study evaluated whether early physical therapy (manipulation and exercise) is more effective than usual care in improving disability for patients with LBP fitting a decision rule. It concluded that among adults with recent-onset LBP, early physical therapy resulted in statistically significant improvement in disability, but the improvement was modest and did not achieve the minimum clinically important difference compared with usual care.
AHRQ-funded; HS018672.
Citation: Fritz JM, Magel JS, McFadden M .
Early physical therapy vs usual care in patients with recent-onset low back pain: a randomized clinical trial.
JAMA 2015 Oct 13;314(14):1459-67. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.11648..
Keywords: Back Health and Pain, Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Dusetzina SB, Brookhart MA, Maciejewski ML
Control outcomes and exposures for improving internal validity of nonrandomized studies.
The authors review examples of control outcomes and exposures from prior studies and provide recommendations for conducting and reporting these analyses. They found that there is inconsistent terminology for these concepts, making study identification challenging. They recommend that the rigor of nonrandomized studies can be improved with inclusion of control outcomes and exposures for bias detection.
AHRQ-funded; HS023099; HS023085.
Citation: Dusetzina SB, Brookhart MA, Maciejewski ML .
Control outcomes and exposures for improving internal validity of nonrandomized studies.
Health Serv Res 2015 Oct;50(5):1432-51. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12279..
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes
Zanocco K, Butt Z, Kaltman D
Improvement in patient-reported physical and mental health after parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) assessment in the clinical setting to measure changes in patient-reported health before and after parathyroidectomy. It found that PROMIS is an efficient clinical assessment platform for measuring patient-reported outcomes in primary hyperparathyroidism via computer-adaptive testing.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Zanocco K, Butt Z, Kaltman D .
Improvement in patient-reported physical and mental health after parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.
Surgery 2015 Sep;158(3):837-45. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.03.054..
Keywords: Health Status, Surgery, Behavioral Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes
Fink HA, Hemmy LS, MacDonald R
Intermediate- and long-term cognitive outcomes after cardiovascular procedures in older adults: a systematic review.
This study summarized evidence about cognitive outcomes in adults aged 65 years or older at least 3 months after coronary or carotid revascularization, cardiac valve procedures, or ablation for atrial fibrillation. It concluded that intermediate- and long-term cognitive impairment in older adults attributable to the studied cardiovascular procedures may be uncommon.
AHRQ-funded; 2902007100641.
Citation: Fink HA, Hemmy LS, MacDonald R .
Intermediate- and long-term cognitive outcomes after cardiovascular procedures in older adults: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Jul 21;163(2):107-17. doi: 10.7326/m14-2793..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Neurological Disorders, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk, Surgery
Osterman MT, Haynes K, Delzell E
Effectiveness and safety of immunomodulators with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in Crohn's disease.
This study assessed the effectiveness and safety of immunomodulators with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy in Crohn’s disease (CD). It found that continuation of immunomodulators after “stepping up” to anti-TNF therapy did not improve outcomes but was associated with an increased risk of opportunistic infection.
AHRQ-funded; HS018517.
Citation: Osterman MT, Haynes K, Delzell E .
Effectiveness and safety of immunomodulators with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in Crohn's disease.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015 Jul;13(7):1293-301.e5; quiz e70, e72. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.02.017..
Keywords: Patient Safety, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes
Masoudi FA, Go AS, Magid DJ
Age and sex differences in long-term outcomes following implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement in contemporary clinical practice: findings from the Cardiovascular Research Network.
The objectives of this study were to characterize the risks of adverse outcomes in women and older patients. following implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement with a focus on death, hospitalization, and complications. It concluded that the burden of adverse outcomes is substantial and varies according to patient age and sex. These differences in outcome generally do not vary according to baseline heart failure characteristics.
AHRQ-funded; 290050033; HS019814.
Citation: Masoudi FA, Go AS, Magid DJ .
Age and sex differences in long-term outcomes following implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement in contemporary clinical practice: findings from the Cardiovascular Research Network.
J Am Heart Assoc 2015 Jun 2;4(6):e002005. doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.002005..
Keywords: Medical Devices, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Elderly, Outcomes
Borden WB, Chiang YP, Kronick R
AHRQ Author: Kronick, R
Bringing patient-centered outcomes research to life.
Achieving better health outcomes requires both the generation of new patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) knowledge and the appropriate and timely dissemination of that knowledge into practice. This article highlights the work AHRQ has done, is doing, and will do to improve the uptake of PCOR findings.
AHRQ-authored
Citation: Borden WB, Chiang YP, Kronick R .
Bringing patient-centered outcomes research to life.
Value Health. 2015 Jun;18(4):355-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2015.01.010..
Keywords: Communication, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Implementation
Frasier LL, Leverson G, Gosain A
Laparoscopic versus open Ladd's procedure for intestinal malrotation in adults.
This study was designed to investigate outcomes for adults undergoing laparoscopic surgery vs. open Ladd’s repair for malrotation. It found no significant differences in complication rates, need for re-operation, or symptom resolution. There was a statistically significant decrease in length of stay following laparoscopy compared to open surgery.
AHRQ-funded; HS022403.
Citation: Frasier LL, Leverson G, Gosain A .
Laparoscopic versus open Ladd's procedure for intestinal malrotation in adults.
Surg Endosc 2015 Jun;29(6):1598-604. doi: 10.1007/s00464-014-3849-3..
Keywords: Surgery, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Adverse Events, Comparative Effectiveness
Gibbons MB, Thompson SM, Mack RA
The relation of baseline skills to psychotherapy outcome across diverse psychotherapies.
The researchers explored the role of baseline skills deficits in compensatory skills and self-understanding across both cognitive and dynamic treatment modalities. Their results support a capitalization model for cognitive therapy but failed to support either a compensation model or a capitalization model for the short-term dynamic model.
AHRQ-funded; HS022124.
Citation: Gibbons MB, Thompson SM, Mack RA .
The relation of baseline skills to psychotherapy outcome across diverse psychotherapies.
J Clin Psychol 2015 Jun;71(6):491-9. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22165..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Depression, Behavioral Health, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Kumamaru H, Jalbert JJ, Nguyen LL
Surgeon case volume and 30-day mortality after carotid endarterectomy among contemporary medicare beneficiaries: before and after national coverage determination for carotid artery stenting.
The objective of this study is to examine the decline in past-year case-volumes of surgeons performing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) before and after the National Coverage Determination (NCD) for carotid artery stenting (CAS) and to assess its effect on 30-day post-CEA mortality. It found that the rate of CEA procedures decreased substantially during 2001 to 2008. The postprocedural mortality in Medicare beneficiaries was high compared with trial patients.
AHRQ-funded; 29020050016I.
Citation: Kumamaru H, Jalbert JJ, Nguyen LL .
Surgeon case volume and 30-day mortality after carotid endarterectomy among contemporary medicare beneficiaries: before and after national coverage determination for carotid artery stenting.
Stroke 2015 May;46(5):1288-94. doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.006276..
Keywords: Surgery, Mortality, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Elderly
Hajizadeh N, Goldfeld
What happens to patients with COPD with long-term oxygen treatment who receive mechanical ventilation for COPD exacerbation? A 1-year retrospective follow-up study.
This study describes outcomes for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on long-term oxygen treatment who are admitted to an ICU for respiratory failure and receive invasive mechanical ventilation. Of the 4,791 patients, 23 percent died in the hospital, and 45 percent died in the subsequent 12 months. Also, 67 percent of patients were readmitted at least once in the subsequent 12 months.
AHRQ-funded; HS019473.
Citation: Hajizadeh N, Goldfeld .
What happens to patients with COPD with long-term oxygen treatment who receive mechanical ventilation for COPD exacerbation? A 1-year retrospective follow-up study.
Thorax 2015 Mar;70(3):294-6. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205248..
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Comparative Effectiveness, Respiratory Conditions
Chou R, Turner JA, Devine EB
The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop.
This systematic review evaluated evidence on the effectiveness and harms of long-term (more than 3 months) opiod therapy for chronic pain in adults. It concluded that evidence is insufficient to determine the effectiveness of this therapy for improving chronic pain and function.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200014I
Citation: Chou R, Turner JA, Devine EB .
The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop.
Ann Intern Med. 2015 Feb 17;162(4):276-86. doi: 10.7326/M14-2559..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Opioids, Outcomes, Pain, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Dulai PS, Siegel CA, Colombel JF
Systematic review: monotherapy with antitumour necrosis factor alpha agents versus combination therapy with an immunosuppressive for IBD.
The authors discussed the efficacy and the risks of anti-TNF monotherapy versus combination therapy with an immunosuppressive in patients with IBD. They concluded that the addition of an immunosuppressive to anti-TNF therapy improves treatment efficacy for infliximab in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Further, the use of combination therapy appears to add no significant incremental risk for serious infections above that seen with anti-TNF or immunosuppressive monotherapy in most patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS021747.
Citation: Dulai PS, Siegel CA, Colombel JF .
Systematic review: monotherapy with antitumour necrosis factor alpha agents versus combination therapy with an immunosuppressive for IBD.
Gut 2014 Dec;63(12):1843-53. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307126.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Medication, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Treatments
Shah RK, Stey AM, Jantana KR
Identification of opportunities for quality improvement and outcome measurement in pediatric otolaryngology.
This study evaluated perioperative outcomes in pediatric otolaryngology through analysis of records residing in the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. It found that although the overall rate of major postoperative morbidity in pediatric otolaryngology is low, the following areas may be targeted for targeted quality-improvement interventions: tracheostomy, airway reconstruction, mastoidectomy, and abscess drainage.
AHRQ-funded; HS022932
Citation: Shah RK, Stey AM, Jantana KR .
Identification of opportunities for quality improvement and outcome measurement in pediatric otolaryngology.
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014 Nov;140(11):1019-26. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2014.2067..
Keywords: Surgery, Children/Adolescents, Quality Improvement, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Goode AP, Richardson WJ, Schectman RM
Complications, revision fusions, readmissions, and utilization over a 1-year period after bone morphogenetic protein use during primary cervical spine fusions.
The authors sought to determine the 1-year risk of complications, cervical revision fusions, hospital readmissions, and health care services utilization after bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) use with cervical spine fusions. They found that patients receiving BMP were 29% more likely to have a complication and a nervous system complication; cervical revision fusions were more likely among patients receiving BMP; the risk of 30-day readmission was greater with BMP use; and readmission occurred 27.4% sooner on an average. Additionally, patients receiving BMP were more likely to receive computed tomography scans and epidurals with anterior surgical approaches.
AHRQ-funded; HS019479.
Citation: Goode AP, Richardson WJ, Schectman RM .
Complications, revision fusions, readmissions, and utilization over a 1-year period after bone morphogenetic protein use during primary cervical spine fusions.
Spine J 2014 Sep;14(9):2051-9. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.11.042.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Hospital Readmissions, Patient Safety, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Surgery, Treatments
Smith SR
AHRQ Author: Smith SR
Preface to the AHRQ supplement.
AHRQ, through its Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions about Effectiveness (DEcIDE) Research Network, sponsored this supplement to present various strategies in the design, analysis, and conduct of health outcomes studies relevant to rare diseases. The purpose of this supplement is to disseminate illustrative examples of research methods that can be applied to understand health outcomes and potentially to stimulate new patient-centered outcomes studies for rare diseases.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Smith SR .
Preface to the AHRQ supplement.
J Gen Intern Med 2014 Aug;29 Suppl 3:S712-3. doi: 10.1007/s11606-014-2922-x.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Maggard-Gibbons M
The use of report cards and outcome measurements to improve the safety of surgical care: the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.
This review summarized the history of American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project and its components, and described the evidence that feeding outcomes back to providers, along with real-time comparisons with other hospital rates, leads to quality improvement, better patient outcomes, cost savings and overall improved patient safety.
AHRQ-funded; 2902007100621.
Citation: Maggard-Gibbons M .
The use of report cards and outcome measurements to improve the safety of surgical care: the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.
BMJ Qual Saf 2014 Jul;23(7):589-99. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002223..
Keywords: Quality Improvement, Quality Indicators (QIs), Quality Measures, Quality of Care, Surgery, Patient Safety, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Provider Performance
Friedly JL, Bauer Z, Comstock BA
AHRQ Author: Zhan C, Hsia DC, Trontell A
Challenges conducting comparative effectiveness research: the Clinical and Health Outcomes Initiative in Comparative Effectiveness (CHOICE) experience.
This paper explores the collective experience of the Clinical and Health Outcomes Initiative in Comparative (CHOICE) program, which includes 12 ongoing comparative effectiveness research trials funded by AHRQ. It describes the common features of the CHOICE award studies to summarize the strategies undertaken to address the challenges in conducting comparative effectiveness pragmatic trials and observational studies from various perspectives.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; HS019222
Citation: Friedly JL, Bauer Z, Comstock BA .
Challenges conducting comparative effectiveness research: the Clinical and Health Outcomes Initiative in Comparative Effectiveness (CHOICE) experience.
Comp Eff Res. 2014 May;4:1-12..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes
Osterman MT, Haynes K, Delzell E
Comparative effectiveness of infliximab and adalimumab for Crohn's disease.
This study compared the effectiveness of infliximab and adalimumab, the two most commonly used anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). It found that both drugs were of similar effectiveness with respect to surgical rates, hospitalization rates, and the percentage of patients remaining on the drugs after 26 weeks.
AHRQ-funded; HS018517
Citation: Osterman MT, Haynes K, Delzell E .
Comparative effectiveness of infliximab and adalimumab for Crohn's disease.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 May;12(5):811-817.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.06.010..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Treatments
Bressler B, Siegel CA
Beware of the swinging pendulum: anti-tumor necrosis factor monotherapy vs combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
An editorial commenting on a study in the same issue by Osterman, et al. in the context of related studies concludes that it is more reasonable to consider slightly modifying the approach to anti-tumor necrosis factor combination therapy as opposed to a full pendulum swing back to monotherapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS021747
Citation: Bressler B, Siegel CA .
Beware of the swinging pendulum: anti-tumor necrosis factor monotherapy vs combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
Gastroenterolog.y 2014 Apr;146(4):884-7. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.02.018..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Medication, Chronic Conditions