National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
51 to 75 of 132 Research Studies DisplayedRoberts MC, Wheeler SB, Reeder-Hayes K
Racial/Ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in endocrine therapy adherence in breast cancer: a systematic review.
The authors sought to understand factors that influence endocrine therapy (ET) adherence among racial/ethnic and socioeconomic subpopulations of breast cancer patients. They found significant underuse of ET among minority and low-income women. They further noted that both race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status are associated with ET use in most settings.
AHRQ-funded; HS021282.
Citation: Roberts MC, Wheeler SB, Reeder-Hayes K .
Racial/Ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in endocrine therapy adherence in breast cancer: a systematic review.
Am J Public Health 2015 Jul;105 Suppl 3:e4-e15. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302490.
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Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Sims M, Redmond N, Khodneva Y
Depressive symptoms are associated with incident coronary heart disease or revascularization among blacks but not among whites in the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke study.
The authors examined the association of depressive symptoms with coronary heart disease (CHD) end points by race and income. They found that high depressive symptoms were associated with higher risk of CHD or revascularization for blacks but not whites.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Sims M, Redmond N, Khodneva Y .
Depressive symptoms are associated with incident coronary heart disease or revascularization among blacks but not among whites in the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke study.
Ann Epidemiol 2015 Jun;25(6):426-32. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.03.014.
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Keywords: Depression, Disparities, Heart Disease and Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Stroke
Horner-Johnson W, Dobbertin K, Beilstein-Wedel E
Disparities in dental care associated with disability and race and ethnicity.
The purpose of this study was to determine how the combination of disability and race and ethnicity is associated with dental examinations, delays in receiving needed care, and inability to obtain needed care among noninstitutionalized working-age adults in the United States. It found that, compared with non-Hispanic whites, other racial and ethnic groups were less likely to receive annual dental examinations.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Horner-Johnson W, Dobbertin K, Beilstein-Wedel E .
Disparities in dental care associated with disability and race and ethnicity.
J Am Dent Assoc 2015 Jun;146(6):366-74. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.01.024..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Dental and Oral Health, Disparities
Shih T, Ryan AM, Gonzalez AA
Medicare's hospital readmissions reduction program in surgery may disproportionately affect minority-serving hospitals.
The authors aimed to project readmission penalties for hospitals performing cardiac surgery and examine how these penalties will affect minority-serving hospitals. They found that minority-serving hospitals would disproportionately bear the burden of readmission penalties if expanded to include cardiac surgery.
AHRQ-funded; HS018546.
Citation: Shih T, Ryan AM, Gonzalez AA .
Medicare's hospital readmissions reduction program in surgery may disproportionately affect minority-serving hospitals.
Ann Surg 2015 Jun;261(6):1027-31. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000000778.
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Keywords: Hospitals, Medicare, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Hospital Readmissions, Surgery
Masho SW, Cha S, Morris MR
Prepregnancy obesity and breastfeeding noninitiation in the United States: an examination of racial and ethnic differences.
This study used a large, nationally representative sample to assess racial/ethnic differences in breastfeeding noninitiation among U.S. women of different body mass index (BMI) classifications. It found that prepregnancy BMI is a significant predictor for breastfeeding noninitiation for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black women.
AHRQ-funded; HS021504.
Citation: Masho SW, Cha S, Morris MR .
Prepregnancy obesity and breastfeeding noninitiation in the United States: an examination of racial and ethnic differences.
Breastfeed Med 2015 Jun;10(5):253-62. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2015.0006..
Keywords: Breast Feeding, Obesity, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Pruitt SL, Lee SJ, Tiro JA
Residential racial segregation and mortality among black, white, and Hispanic urban breast cancer patients in Texas, 1995 to 2009.
The authors investigated whether residential segregation was associated with mortality among urban women with breast cancer. They found that greater black segregation and Hispanic segregation were adversely associated with cause-specific mortality and all-cause mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Pruitt SL, Lee SJ, Tiro JA .
Residential racial segregation and mortality among black, white, and Hispanic urban breast cancer patients in Texas, 1995 to 2009.
Cancer 2015 Jun 1;121(11):1845-55. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29282..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Mortality, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health
Yun L, Boles RE, Haemer MA
A randomized, home-based, childhood obesity intervention delivered by patient navigators.
This paper delineates the study protocol for the Community Outreach Obesity Prevention Trial. COOPT is an ongoing, 4-year (October 2011-September 2015) randomized controlled trial that tests the effectiveness of a home-based patient navigator program delivered to preschoolers of a large urban safety-net health care system. The researchers believe that its home-based intervention venue will provide rich data characterizing barriers and facilitators to healthy behavior change within the home.
AHRQ-funded; HS021138.
Citation: Yun L, Boles RE, Haemer MA .
A randomized, home-based, childhood obesity intervention delivered by patient navigators.
BMC Public Health 2015 May;15:506. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1833-z..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Community-Based Practice, Obesity, Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Sasson C, Haukoos JS, Ben-Youssef L
Barriers to calling 911 and learning and performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation for residents of primarily Latino, high-risk neighborhoods in Denver, Colorado.
The goal of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators to calling 911, and learning and performing CPR in 5 low-income, Latino neighborhoods in Denver, CO. Six key barriers to calling 911 were identified: fear of becoming involved because of distrust of law enforcement, financial, immigration status, lack of recognition of cardiac arrest event, language, and violence.
AHRQ-funded; HS017526; HS021749.
Citation: Sasson C, Haukoos JS, Ben-Youssef L .
Barriers to calling 911 and learning and performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation for residents of primarily Latino, high-risk neighborhoods in Denver, Colorado.
Ann Emerg Med 2015 May;65(5):545-52.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.10.028..
Keywords: Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Social Determinants of Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Low-Income
Sentell TL, Ahn HJ, Miyamura J
Cost burden of potentially preventable hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease and diabetes for Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders, and Whites in Hawai'i.
The authors compared the cost burdens of potentially preventable hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease and diabetes for Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders, and Whites using Hawai'i statewide 2007-2012 inpatient data. They found that costs for preventable diabetes-related amputations were significantly higher for Native Hawaiians, Japanese, and other Pacific Islanders compared with Whites.
AHRQ-funded; HS019990.
Citation: Sentell TL, Ahn HJ, Miyamura J .
Cost burden of potentially preventable hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease and diabetes for Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders, and Whites in Hawai'i.
J Health Care Poor Underserved 2015 May;26(2 Suppl):63-82. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2015.0068.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Diabetes, Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Petrov ME, Goodin BR, Cruz-Almeida Y
Disrupted sleep is associated with altered pain processing by sex and ethnicity in knee osteoarthritis.
This study examines the association between sleep disruption with increased pain sensitivity and enhanced pain facilitation in addition to reduced pain inhibition in persons with chronic pain such as knee OA. It found that disrupted sleep was associated with altered pain processing by sex and ethnicity/race.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Petrov ME, Goodin BR, Cruz-Almeida Y .
Disrupted sleep is associated with altered pain processing by sex and ethnicity in knee osteoarthritis.
J Pain 2015 May;16(5):478-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.02.004..
Keywords: Pain, Sleep Problems, Arthritis, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors
Huesch M, Doctor JN
Factors associated with increased cesarean risk among African American women: evidence from California, 2010.
The researchers studied the association of maternal health in African American women in hospitals or communities with the rates of cesarean delivery of infants. They found that cesarean rates were significantly higher overall for African American women than other women (unadjusted rate 36.8 percent vs 32.7 percent), as were both elective and emergency primary cesarean rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS021868.
Citation: Huesch M, Doctor JN .
Factors associated with increased cesarean risk among African American women: evidence from California, 2010.
Am J Public Health 2015 May;105(5):956-62. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302381..
Keywords: Labor and Delivery, Maternal Care, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Leis JA, Solomon BS, Wasserman KE
Preventing postpartum depression in a pediatric primary care clinic: a pilot study.
The goal of this study was to integrate an evidence-based preventive intervention for perinatal depression—the Mothers and Babies (MB) Course—into a pediatric primary care clinic serving low-income, minority families, and to explore intervention acceptability and preliminary outcomes. Findings from this pilot study provide preliminary evidence for the acceptability and feasibility of implementing an evidence-based preventive intervention for postpartum depression.
AHRQ-funded; HS017596.
Citation: Leis JA, Solomon BS, Wasserman KE .
Preventing postpartum depression in a pediatric primary care clinic: a pilot study.
Clin Pediatr 2015 May;54(5):487-90. doi: 10.1177/0009922814536775..
Keywords: Pregnancy, Primary Care, Evidence-Based Practice, Low-Income, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Zhao B, Jose PO, Pu J
Racial/ethnic differences in hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control for outpatients in Northern California 2010-2012.
The purpose of this paper is to study the prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension among rapidly--growing minority groups. The authors found substantial racial/ethnic variation in hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control in the study population in northern California. Filipino and non-Hispanic black women and men are at especially high risk for hypertension and may have more difficulty in achieving adequate blood pressure control.
AHRQ-funded; HS019815.
Citation: Zhao B, Jose PO, Pu J .
Racial/ethnic differences in hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control for outpatients in Northern California 2010-2012.
Am J Hypertens 2015 May;28(5):631-9. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpu189.
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Keywords: Blood Pressure, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Ambulatory Care and Surgery
Zhu J, Weingart SN, Ritter GA
Racial/Ethnic disparities in patient experience with communication in hospitals: real differences or measurement errors?
This study examined assumptions about the degree of commonality across racial/ethnic groups in their perceptions and investigated the validity of racial/ethnic differences in communication quality. Its results provide strongest support for racial/ethnic comparisons on communication with nurses and doctors, and reason to caution against comparisons on communication about medicines due to significant differences in model parameters across groups.
AHRQ-funded; 290010003.
Citation: Zhu J, Weingart SN, Ritter GA .
Racial/Ethnic disparities in patient experience with communication in hospitals: real differences or measurement errors?
Med Care 2015 May;53(5):446-54. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000350..
Keywords: Disparities, Clinician-Patient Communication, Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Quality of Care
Pisu M, Kenzik KM, Oster RA
Economic hardship of minority and non-minority cancer survivors 1 year after diagnosis: another long-term effect of cancer?
The authors investigated economic hardships experienced by racial/ethnic minority cancer survivors compared to whites. They found that economic hardship was evident in almost 1 in 2 cancer survivors 1 year after diagnosis, especially African Americans. They recommended that future research evaluate and address risk factors and their impact on survival and survivorship outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Pisu M, Kenzik KM, Oster RA .
Economic hardship of minority and non-minority cancer survivors 1 year after diagnosis: another long-term effect of cancer?
Cancer 2015 Apr 15;121(8):1257-64. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29206.
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Keywords: Cancer, Disparities, Healthcare Costs, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Ringwalt C, Roberts AW, Gugelmann H
Racial disparities across provider specialties in opioid prescriptions dispensed to Medicaid beneficiaries with chronic noncancer pain.
The purpose of this study was to examine differences across providers’ specialties in prescriptions filled by white and black Medicaid beneficiaries with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). It found that race-based differences in beneficiaries’ dispensed opioid prescriptions were more prominent among patients of specialists in obstetrics and gynecology and internal medicine, as well as general practitioners/family medicine physicians.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Ringwalt C, Roberts AW, Gugelmann H .
Racial disparities across provider specialties in opioid prescriptions dispensed to Medicaid beneficiaries with chronic noncancer pain.
Pain Med 2015 Apr;16(4):633-40. doi: 10.1111/pme.12555..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Disparities, Medicaid, Medication, Opioids, Pain, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Cook BL, Liu Z, Lessios AS
The costs and benefits of reducing racial-ethnic disparities in mental health care.
The investigators examined whether reducing racial-ethnic disparities in mental health care offsets costs of care. They found that, for blacks and Latinos, the potential savings from eliminating disparities in inpatient general medical expenditures are substantial, as much as $1 billion nationwide, suggesting that financial and equity considerations can be aligned when planning disparity reduction programs.
AHRQ-funded; HS021486.
Citation: Cook BL, Liu Z, Lessios AS .
The costs and benefits of reducing racial-ethnic disparities in mental health care.
Psychiatr Serv 2015 Apr;66(4):389-96. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201400070.
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Keywords: Disparities, Healthcare Costs, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Behavioral Health
Joshi A, Perin DM, Amadi C
Evaluating the usability of an interactive, bi-lingual, touchscreen-enabled breastfeeding educational programme: application of Nielson's heuristics.
The study purpose was to conduct heuristic evaluation of an interactive, bilingual touchscreen-enabled breastfeeding educational program for Hispanic women living in rural settings in Nebraska. The results demonstrated that the system was more consistent with Nielsen’s usability heuristics. With Nielsen’s usability heuristics, it is possible to identify problems in a timely manner.
AHRQ-funded; HS021321.
Citation: Joshi A, Perin DM, Amadi C .
Evaluating the usability of an interactive, bi-lingual, touchscreen-enabled breastfeeding educational programme: application of Nielson's heuristics.
J Innov Health Inform 2015 Mar 5;22(2):265-74. doi: 10.14236/jhi.v22i2.71..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Education: Patient and Caregiver, Rural Health, Breast Feeding, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Aycock DM, Kirkendoll KD, Coleman KC
Family history of stroke among African Americans and its association with risk factors, knowledge, perceptions, and exercise.
The authors compared modifiable risk factors, knowledge of stroke risk factors, perceived threat of stroke, perceived control of stroke, and exercise behaviors and intentions in African Americans with a family history of stroke (FHS) and those without a FHS. They found that family history of stroke was common among those studied; however, this fact did not translate into better understanding of stroke or better exercise behaviors and intentions. They recommended that more be done to identify African Americans with a FHS, especially those with multiple risk factors, in order to educate them about the significance of FHS while promoting lifestyle change and self-management.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Aycock DM, Kirkendoll KD, Coleman KC .
Family history of stroke among African Americans and its association with risk factors, knowledge, perceptions, and exercise.
J Cardiovasc Nurs 2015 Mar-Apr;30(2):E1-6. doi: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000125.
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Keywords: Education: Patient and Caregiver, Family Health and History, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk, Stroke
Olenik NL, Gonzalvo JD, Snyder ME
Perceptions of Spanish-speaking clientele of patient care services in a community pharmacy.
This study aimed to identify perceptions of Spanish-speaking patients living in the U.S. with a focus on the care provided in community pharmacies, as well as to determine their satisfaction with community pharmacies. Based on 12 interviews, it found that primary themes included lack of insurance coupled with high medical care costs serving as a barrier for acquisition of health care and difficulty accessing timely and convenient primary care.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Olenik NL, Gonzalvo JD, Snyder ME .
Perceptions of Spanish-speaking clientele of patient care services in a community pharmacy.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Community-Based Practice, Provider: Pharmacist, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Govindarajan P, Friedman BT, Delgadillo JQ
Race and sex disparities in prehospital recognition of acute stroke.
The investigators examined prehospital provider recognition of stroke by race and sex. They found that correct prehospital recognition of stroke was lower among Hispanic patients, Asians, and others, when compared with non-Hispanic whites, and also in women compared with men. They concluded that significant disparities exist in prehospital stroke recognition.
AHRQ-funded; HS017965.
Citation: Govindarajan P, Friedman BT, Delgadillo JQ .
Race and sex disparities in prehospital recognition of acute stroke.
Acad Emerg Med 2015 Mar;22(3):264-72. doi: 10.1111/acem.12595.
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Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors, Stroke
Meagher AD, Beadles CA, Doorey J
Racial and ethnic disparities in discharge to rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury.
The authors investigate racial disparities in discharge destination (inpatient rehabilitation vs skilled nursing facility vs home health vs home) following traumatic brain injury. They found that Hispanic and black patients were significantly less likely to be discharged to a higher level of rehabilitation than similarly matched non-Hispanic white patients. This disparity persisted in the subgroup examination of older adults with uniform Medicare coverage.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Meagher AD, Beadles CA, Doorey J .
Racial and ethnic disparities in discharge to rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury.
J Neurosurg 2015 Mar;122(3):595-601. doi: 10.3171/2014.10.jns14187..
Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Brain Injury
Wang G, Gold M, Siegel J
AHRQ Author: Siegel J
Deliberation: obtaining informed input from a diverse public.
The Deliberative Methods Demonstration was a randomized controlled experiment comparing four deliberation methods and a reading materials control group. After surveying 907 participants before and after deliberation, the researchers found that changes in knowledge about using medical evidence in decisionmaking were not associated with race, ethnicity, or education.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Wang G, Gold M, Siegel J .
Deliberation: obtaining informed input from a diverse public.
J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2015 Feb;26(1):223-42. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2015.0021..
Keywords: Disparities, Quality of Care, Decision Making, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Thorpe RJ, Jr., Bell CN, Kennedy-Hendricks A
Disentangling race and social context in understanding disparities in chronic conditions among men.
This study compared survey data collected in 2003 from black and white men with similar incomes living in a racially integrated neighborhood of Baltimore to data from the 2003 National Health Interview Survey. The researchers found no race disparities in chronic conditions among low-income, urban men living in the same social environment, and they recommended that policies and interventions aiming to reduce disparities in chronic conditions focus on modifying social aspects of the environment.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Thorpe RJ, Jr., Bell CN, Kennedy-Hendricks A .
Disentangling race and social context in understanding disparities in chronic conditions among men.
J Urban Health 2015 Feb;92(1):83-92. doi: 10.1007/s11524-014-9900-9.
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Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Disparities, Health Status, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Chang E, Chan KS, Han HR
Effect of acculturation on variations in having a usual source of care among Asian Americans and non-Hispanic whites in California.
This study examined variations in having a usual source of care among non-Hispanic White and Asian American adults in California. It found that, after adding in acculturation factors, there was no statistically significant racial disparity between the two groups. However, higher education was not associated with better access among Asian Americans.
AHRQ-funded; HS021684
Citation: Chang E, Chan KS, Han HR .
Effect of acculturation on variations in having a usual source of care among Asian Americans and non-Hispanic whites in California.
Am J Public Health 2015 Feb;105(2):398-407. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301950..
Keywords: Primary Care, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities