National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (3)
- Adverse Events (4)
- Behavioral Health (1)
- Brain Injury (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (2)
- Case Study (1)
- Chronic Conditions (3)
- Comparative Effectiveness (1)
- Decision Making (1)
- Dementia (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (1)
- Elderly (5)
- Falls (2)
- Guidelines (3)
- Healthcare Costs (2)
- Healthcare Utilization (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Injuries and Wounds (3)
- Low-Income (1)
- Medication (3)
- Medication: Safety (2)
- Mortality (1)
- (-) Neurological Disorders (14)
- Nursing Homes (1)
- Outcomes (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (3)
- Patient Safety (3)
- Risk (1)
- Screening (1)
- Social Determinants of Health (1)
- Surgery (3)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 14 of 14 Research Studies DisplayedGagne JJ, Kesselheim AS, Choudhry NK
Comparative effectiveness of generic versus brand-name antiepileptic medications.
The objective of this study was to compare treatment persistence and rates of seizure-related events in patients who initiate antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy with a generic versus a brand-name product. It concluded that patients who initiated generic AEDs had fewer adverse seizure-related clinical outcomes and longer continuous treatment periods before experiencing a gap than those who initiated brand-name versions.
AHRQ-funded; HS018465.
Citation: Gagne JJ, Kesselheim AS, Choudhry NK .
Comparative effectiveness of generic versus brand-name antiepileptic medications.
Epilepsy Behav 2015 Nov;52(Pt A):14-8. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.08.014.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Medication: Safety, Neurological Disorders, Patient Safety
Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Pace RJ
Headache neuroimaging: routine testing when guidelines recommend against them.
The aim of this article was to determine the patient-level factors associated with headache neuroimaging in outpatient practice. It concluded that neuroimaging is routinely ordered in outpatient headache patients including populations where guidelines specifically recommend against their use (migraines, chronic headaches, no red flags).
AHRQ-funded; HS017690.
Citation: Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Pace RJ .
Headache neuroimaging: routine testing when guidelines recommend against them.
Cephalalgia 2015 Nov;35(13):1144-52. doi: 10.1177/0333102415572918.
.
.
Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Imaging, Decision Making, Guidelines, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Fink HA, Hemmy LS, MacDonald R
Intermediate- and long-term cognitive outcomes after cardiovascular procedures in older adults: a systematic review.
This study summarized evidence about cognitive outcomes in adults aged 65 years or older at least 3 months after coronary or carotid revascularization, cardiac valve procedures, or ablation for atrial fibrillation. It concluded that intermediate- and long-term cognitive impairment in older adults attributable to the studied cardiovascular procedures may be uncommon.
AHRQ-funded; 2902007100641.
Citation: Fink HA, Hemmy LS, MacDonald R .
Intermediate- and long-term cognitive outcomes after cardiovascular procedures in older adults: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Jul 21;163(2):107-17. doi: 10.7326/m14-2793..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Neurological Disorders, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk, Surgery
Fan T, Rossi C
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults.
This case study describes a 72-year-old white man comes the physician’s office for a preventive visit. He does not have any symptoms of dementia but asks whether he should be screened. Based on the recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, the authors ask (and answer) three questions concerning approaches to screening for cognitive impairment, risk factors for cognitive impairment or dementia in older adults, and the epidemiology of cognitive impairment in the United States.
AHRQ-authored
Citation: Fan T, Rossi C .
Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults.
Am Fam Physician 2015 Jul 15;92(2):125-6..
Keywords: Case Study, Elderly, Neurological Disorders, Screening, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Callaghan B, Kerber K, Langa KM
Longitudinal patient-oriented outcomes in neuropathy: importance of early detection and falls.
This study evaluated longitudinal patient-oriented outcomes in peripheral neuropathy over a 14-year time period including time before and after diagnosis. It concluded that, in older persons, differences in falls, pain, and self-rated health can be detected 3–5 years prior to peripheral neuropathy diagnosis, but only falls deteriorate more rapidly over time in neuropathy cases compared to controls.
AHRQ-funded; HS017690; HS022258.
Citation: Callaghan B, Kerber K, Langa KM .
Longitudinal patient-oriented outcomes in neuropathy: importance of early detection and falls.
Neurology 2015 Jul 7;85(1):71-9. doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001714..
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Neurological Disorders, Falls, Elderly, Patient Safety
Storzbach D, O'Neil ME, Roost SM
Comparing the neuropsychological test performance of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans with and without blast exposure, mild traumatic brain injury, and posttraumatic stress symptoms.
The purpose of this paper was to compare neuropsychological test performance of veterans with and without mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), blast exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The authors found that, although some mild neurocognitive effects were associated with blast exposure, these neurocognitive effects might be better explained by PTSD symptom severity rather than blast exposure or MTBI history alone.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981; HS019456.
Citation: Storzbach D, O'Neil ME, Roost SM .
Comparing the neuropsychological test performance of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans with and without blast exposure, mild traumatic brain injury, and posttraumatic stress symptoms.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2015 May;21(5):353-63. doi: 10.1017/s1355617715000326.
.
.
Keywords: Brain Injury, Behavioral Health, Neurological Disorders
Albrecht JS, Marcantonio ER, Roffey DM
Stability of postoperative delirium psychomotor subtypes in individuals with hip fracture.
This paper's objectives were to determine the stability of psychomotor subtypes of delirium over time and to identify characteristics associated with delirium psychomotor subtypes in individuals undergoing surgical repair of hip fracture. The Transfusion Trigger Trial for Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients Undergoing Surgical Hip Fracture Repair Cognitive Ancillary Study was conducted. Results showed that psychomotor subtypes of delirium often fluctuated from assessment to assessment, rather than representing fixed categories of delirium. Hypoactive delirium was the most common presentation of delirium but the least likely to be documented by healthcare providers.
AHRQ-funded; HS021068.
Citation: Albrecht JS, Marcantonio ER, Roffey DM .
Stability of postoperative delirium psychomotor subtypes in individuals with hip fracture.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 May;63(5):970-6. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13334.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Events, Cardiovascular Conditions, Injuries and Wounds, Neurological Disorders, Surgery
Ott BR, Daiello LA, Dahabreh IJ
Do statins impair cognition? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
The researchers aimed to synthesize randomized clinical trial (RCTs) evidence on the association between statin therapy and cognitive outcomes. Their meta-analysis of cognitive test data from 14 studies failed to show significant adverse effects of statins on all tests of cognition in either cognitively normal subjects or Alzheimer’s disease subjects.
AHRQ-funded; HS017735.
Citation: Ott BR, Daiello LA, Dahabreh IJ .
Do statins impair cognition? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Mar;30(3):348-58. doi: 10.1007/s11606-014-3115-3..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Medication, Neurological Disorders, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Burke JF
Headaches and neuroimaging—reply.
The authors of this letter, replying to two letters commenting on their earlier article on headaches and neuroimaging, find that they all share the view that neuroimaging is overused in headache presentations. They also discuss the potential downsides of interventions to reduce use, the impact of medical malpractice on overuse of tests, and the lack of consensus in defining low-value tests.
AHRQ-funded; HS017690
Citation: Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Burke JF .
Headaches and neuroimaging—reply.
JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Feb;175(2):313-4. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.7014..
Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Healthcare Costs, Chronic Conditions, Guidelines
Aspinall SL, Zhao X, Semia TP
Epidemiology of drug-disease interactions in older veteran nursing home residents.
The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with potentially inappropriate drug– disease combinations according to the AGS 2012 Beers criteria that are clinically important in elderly adults residing in Veterans Affairs Community Living Centers. It found that drug-disease interactions were common in older residents with dementia or cognitive impairment or a history of falls or hip fracture.
AHRQ-funded; HS018721.
Citation: Aspinall SL, Zhao X, Semia TP .
Epidemiology of drug-disease interactions in older veteran nursing home residents.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 Jan;63(1):77-84. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13197..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Dementia, Elderly, Falls, Injuries and Wounds, Medication, Medication: Safety, Neurological Disorders, Nursing Homes, Patient Safety
Madubata CC, Olsen MA, Stwalley DL
Neurofibromatosis type 1 and chronic neurological conditions in the United States: an administrative claims analysis.
The researchers’ objective was to assess whether specific neurological conditions occur more frequently in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 versus those without neurofibromatosis type 1. They found that compared with the nonneurofibromatosis group, the neurofibromatosis group had significantly more health insurance claims for epilepsy, Parkinson disease, headache, multiple sclerosis, and sleep disturbances/disorder.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Madubata CC, Olsen MA, Stwalley DL .
Neurofibromatosis type 1 and chronic neurological conditions in the United States: an administrative claims analysis.
Genet Med 2015 Jan;17(1):36-42. doi: 10.1038/gim.2014.70..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Neurological Disorders
Kaiboriboon K, Schiltz NK, Bakaki PM
Premature mortality in poor health and low income adults with epilepsy.
This research study’s objective was to examine mortality and causes of death in socioeconomically disadvantaged persons with epilepsy in the United States. While death from epilepsy-related causes was about 10%, comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, cancer, and unintentional injuries caused 18.4% of deaths. Socioeconomically deprived and Medicaid-insured patients died 17 years prematurely.
Epilepsia. 2014 Nov;55(11):1781-8. doi: 10.1111/epi.12789.
Citation: Kaiboriboon K, Schiltz NK, Bakaki PM .
Premature mortality in poor health and low income adults with epilepsy.
.
Keywords: Low-Income, Mortality, Neurological Disorders, Social Determinants of Health
Daniels AH, Daiello LA, Lareau CR
Preoperative cognitive impairment and psychological distress in hospitalized elderly hip fracture patients.
The authors conducted a study to evaluate the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) compared with normal cognition (NC) in elderly hip fracture patients 65 years and older. Results showed many patients had unrecognized CI before surgery and had significantly more pain and fear than the NC group.
AHRQ-funded; HS017735
Citation: Daniels AH, Daiello LA, Lareau CR .
Preoperative cognitive impairment and psychological distress in hospitalized elderly hip fracture patients.
Ame J Orthop. 2014 Jul; 43(7):E146-52..
Keywords: Elderly, Injuries and Wounds, Neurological Disorders, Surgery
Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Pace RJ
Headaches and neuroimaging: high utilization and costs despite guidelines.
Little is known about recent headache neuroimaging utilization, associated expenditures, and temporal trends. Looking at 51.1 million outpatient headache visits over 4 years, this study found that neuroimaging is ordered during 12% of these visits, costs $1 billion annually, and is increasing over time.
AHRQ-funded; HS017690
Citation: Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Pace RJ .
Headaches and neuroimaging: high utilization and costs despite guidelines.
JAMA Intern Med. 2014 May;174(5):819-21. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.173..
Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Healthcare Utilization, Guidelines, Healthcare Costs, Chronic Conditions