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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- Adverse Events (1)
- Blood Clots (2)
- Blood Thinners (2)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (8)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
- Community-Acquired Infections (1)
- Diabetes (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (1)
- Elderly (2)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (6)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Hospital Readmissions (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Maternal Care (1)
- Medication (3)
- Medication: Safety (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Outcomes (2)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Primary Care (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (7)
- Research Methodologies (1)
- (-) Risk (16)
- Sepsis (2)
- Shared Decision Making (1)
- Sleep Problems (1)
- Social Determinants of Health (1)
- (-) Stroke (16)
- Women (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 16 of 16 Research Studies DisplayedMentias A, Shantha G, Adeola O
Role of diabetes and insulin use in the risk of stroke and acute myocardial infarction in patients with atrial fibrillation: a Medicare analysis.
This study examined the role of diabetes and insulin use in the risk of stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). A cohort of Medicare beneficiaries newly diagnoses with AF from 2011 to 2013 were identified. The cohort was divided into those with diabetes requiring insulin (6.7%), those with diabetes not requiring insulin (31.3%) and non-diabetics (62%). Diabetics requiring insulin were at the greatest risk of stroke and AMI, and diabetics not requiring insulin were at slightly lower risk, but non-diabetics had the lowest risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS023104.
Citation: Mentias A, Shantha G, Adeola O .
Role of diabetes and insulin use in the risk of stroke and acute myocardial infarction in patients with atrial fibrillation: a Medicare analysis.
Am Heart J 2019 Aug;214:158-66. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.05.003..
Keywords: Diabetes, Stroke, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Chronic Conditions, Elderly
Kempker JA, Panwar B, Judd SE
Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin d and the longitudinal risk of sepsis in the REGARDS cohort..
In this paper, researchers studied low baseline plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and its association with long-term risk of sepsis. Data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study was used. Findings reveals that, among community-dwelling US adults, low plasma 25(OH)D measured at a time of relative health was independently associated with increased risk of sepsis.
AHRQ-funded; HS025240.
Citation: Kempker JA, Panwar B, Judd SE .
Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin d and the longitudinal risk of sepsis in the REGARDS cohort..
Clin Infect Dis 2019 May 17;68(11):1926-31. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy794..
Keywords: Community-Acquired Infections, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk, Sepsis, Stroke
Mahalingam M, Moore Jx, Donnelly JP
Frailty syndrome and risk of sepsis in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort.
This study examined the association between frailty (weakness, exhaustion, and low physical activity) and the risk of sepsis in stroke patients. Data from the cohort study Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) was used. There was an associated increase in sepsis hospitalizations and 30-day case fatalities from sepsis in stroke patients with more frailty indicators.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Mahalingam M, Moore Jx, Donnelly JP .
Frailty syndrome and risk of sepsis in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort.
J Intensive Care Med 2019 Apr;34(4):292-300. doi: 10.1177/0885066617715251..
Keywords: Elderly, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk, Sepsis, Stroke
O'Brien EC, Holmes DN, Thomas L
Incremental prognostic value of renal function for stroke prediction in atrial fibrillation.
This study investigated whether renal function predicted stroke in patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF). Data from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment (ORBIT-AF) was used. Investigators concluded that renal dysfunction was not independently associated with embolic risk in either treated or untreated patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: O'Brien EC, Holmes DN, Thomas L .
Incremental prognostic value of renal function for stroke prediction in atrial fibrillation.
Int J Cardiol 2019 Jan 1;274:152-57. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.07.113..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Stroke
Borre ED, Goode A, Raitz G
Predicting thromboembolic and bleeding event risk in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a systematic review.
This systematic review compared the strength of tools to predict stroke and bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) taking blood thinners. Sixty-one studies were found to predict thromboembolic risk and 38 to predict bleeding risk.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500004I.
Citation: Borre ED, Goode A, Raitz G .
Predicting thromboembolic and bleeding event risk in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a systematic review.
Thromb Haemost 2018 Dec;118(12):2171-87. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1675400..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Stroke, Blood Clots, Blood Thinners, Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Risk, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Desai RJ, Wyss R, Jin Y
Extension of disease risk score-based confounding adjustments for multiple outcomes of interest: an empirical evaluation.
Use of disease risk score (DRS)-based confounding adjustment when estimating treatment effects on multiple outcomes is not well studied. In this empirical cohort study, the investigators compared dabigatran initiators and warfarin initiators with respect to risks of ischemic stroke and major bleeding in 12 sequential monitoring periods (90 days each), using data from the Truven Marketscan database (Truven Health Analytics, Ann Arbor, Michigan).
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Desai RJ, Wyss R, Jin Y .
Extension of disease risk score-based confounding adjustments for multiple outcomes of interest: an empirical evaluation.
Am J Epidemiol 2018 Nov;187(11):2439-48. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy130.
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Keywords: Blood Thinners, Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Outcomes, Research Methodologies, Risk, Stroke
Sterling MR, Durant RW, Bryan J
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and microsize myocardial infarction risk in the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study.
Researchers compared the association of N-terminal pro B-type peptide (NT-proBNP) with risk of incident typical myocardial infarction (MI) and microsize MI in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study. Over a median of 5 years of follow-up, there were 315 typical MI, 139 microsize MI, and 195 incident fatal coronary heart disease (CHD). NT-proBNP was independently and strongly associated with all CHD endpoints, with significantly greater risk observed for incident microsize MI.
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Sterling MR, Durant RW, Bryan J .
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and microsize myocardial infarction risk in the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018 Apr 16;18(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s12872-018-0806-4.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk, Stroke
Mefford MT, Rosenson RS, Cushman M
PCSK9 variants, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and neurocognitive impairment: Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study(REGARDS).
Researchers examined if there was an association between low lifelong exposure to PCSK9 levels and lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with neurocognitive function in blacks. Data was analyzed from subjects in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. The mean sample age was 64, with 62% women but a low prevalence of neurocognitive impairments at any level (6.3% by CERAD battery, and 15.4% by SIS definitions). No association with found.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Mefford MT, Rosenson RS, Cushman M .
PCSK9 variants, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and neurocognitive impairment: Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study(REGARDS).
Circulation 2018 Mar 20;137(12):1260-69. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.029785..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk, Stroke
Sanders BD, Davis MG, Holley SL
Pregnancy-associated stroke.
This article reviews assessment and treatment of pregnant and postpartum women experiencing stroke. There are 2 main types of stroke, ischemic and hemorrhagic that present similar symptoms but have very different pathophysiology and treatment. This article provides guidance for subsequent maternity and primary care for front-line perinatal care providers.
AHRQ-funded; HS024733.
Citation: Sanders BD, Davis MG, Holley SL .
Pregnancy-associated stroke.
J Midwifery Womens Health 2018 Jan;63(1):23-32. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.12720..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Maternal Care, Pregnancy, Primary Care, Risk, Stroke, Women
Nakagawa K, Ahn HJ, Taira DA
Ethnic comparison of 30-day potentially preventable readmissions after stroke in Hawaii.
The authors sought to compare potentially preventable readmissions (PPR) among a multiethnic population in Hawaii. They concluded that the Chinese ethnicity may have a higher risk of 30-day PPR after stroke compared to whites. Other associated factors include mental illness, Medicaid, and Hawaii county.
AHRQ-funded; HS019990.
Citation: Nakagawa K, Ahn HJ, Taira DA .
Ethnic comparison of 30-day potentially preventable readmissions after stroke in Hawaii.
Stroke 2016 Oct;47(10):2611-7. doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.013669.
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Keywords: Stroke, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Hospital Readmissions, Hospitalization, Risk
Kabra R, Girotra S, Vaughan Sarrazin M
Refining stroke prediction in atrial fibrillation patients by addition of African-American ethnicity to CHA2DS2-VASc score.
The authors hypothesized that the addition of African-American ethnicity to the CHA2DS2-VASc score might improve stroke prediction in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). They found that, in patients over age 65 with newly diagnosed AF, the addition of ethnicity to CHA2DS2-VASc score significantly improved stroke prediction.
AHRQ-funded; HS023104.
Citation: Kabra R, Girotra S, Vaughan Sarrazin M .
Refining stroke prediction in atrial fibrillation patients by addition of African-American ethnicity to CHA2DS2-VASc score.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2016 Aug 2;68(5):461-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.05.044.
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Keywords: Stroke, Heart Disease and Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk, Cardiovascular Conditions
Karp DN, Wolff CS, Wiebe DJ
Reassessing the stroke belt: using small area spatial statistics to identify clusters of high stroke mortality in the United States.
The researchers identified clusters of high stroke mortality and adjacent areas of low stroke mortality for US counties and evaluated for regional differences in county-level risk factors. They found that clusters of high stroke mortality exist beyond the 8-state stroke belt, and variation exists within the stroke belt. They recommended reconsideration of the stroke belt definition and suggested increased attention to local determinants of health underlying small area regional variability to inform targeted healthcare interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS018362.
Citation: Karp DN, Wolff CS, Wiebe DJ .
Reassessing the stroke belt: using small area spatial statistics to identify clusters of high stroke mortality in the United States.
Stroke 2016 Jul;47(7):1939-42. doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.012997.
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Keywords: Mortality, Risk, Stroke, Social Determinants of Health
Du XL, Zhang Y, Hardy D
Associations between hematopoietic growth factors and risks of venous thromboembolism, stroke, ischemic heart disease and myelodysplastic syndrome: findings from a large population-based cohort of women with breast cancer.
The researchers sought to determine the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), stroke, ischemic heart disease, and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in association with the receipt of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and/or erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in women with breast cancer. They found that receipts of CSFs and ESAs were significantly associated with an increased risk of VTE in women with breast cancer.
AHRQ-funded; HS018956.
Citation: Du XL, Zhang Y, Hardy D .
Associations between hematopoietic growth factors and risks of venous thromboembolism, stroke, ischemic heart disease and myelodysplastic syndrome: findings from a large population-based cohort of women with breast cancer.
Cancer Causes Control 2016 May;27(5):695-707. doi: 10.1007/s10552-016-0742-5.
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Keywords: Blood Clots, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Stroke
Boehme AK, Rawal PV, Lyerly MJ
Investigating the utility of previously developed prediction scores in acute ischemic stroke patients in the stroke belt.
The researchers compared several scoring systems among patients receiving systemic and endovascular treatments. They concluded that their study demonstrated that although highly predictive of outcome in the original study design treatment groups, prediction scores may not generalize to all patient samples, highlighting the importance of validating prediction scores in diverse samples.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Boehme AK, Rawal PV, Lyerly MJ .
Investigating the utility of previously developed prediction scores in acute ischemic stroke patients in the stroke belt.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014 Sep;23(8):2001-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.02.003.
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Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Risk, Stroke
Petrov ME, Howard VJ, Kleindorfer D
Over-the-counter and prescription sleep medication and incident stroke: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study.
The authors investigated the relation between sleep medication use and incident stroke. At the sleep assessment, 9.6% of the participants used prescription sleep medication and 11.1% used over-the-counter sleep aids. Over an average follow-up of 3.3 ± 1.0 years, 297 stroke events occurred. The authors found that over-the-counter sleep medication use was associated with increased risk of incident stroke; however, there was no significant association with prescription sleep medications. They concluded that over-the-counter sleep medication use may independently increase the risk of stroke beyond other risk factors in middle-aged to older individuals with no history of stroke.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Petrov ME, Howard VJ, Kleindorfer D .
Over-the-counter and prescription sleep medication and incident stroke: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014 Sep;23(8):2110-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.03.025.
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Keywords: Medication: Safety, Medication, Risk, Sleep Problems, Stroke, Cardiovascular Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Lyerly MJ, Houston JT, Boehme AK
Safety of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator administration with computed tomography evidence of prior infarction.
The researchers sought to determine if the presence of a previous stroke on pretreatment computed tomography (CT) is a predictor of hemorrhagic complications and functional outcomes after the administration of intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Their data suggest that a prior stroke on CT should not be viewed as a reason to withhold this treatment unless it occurred within the last 3 months.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Lyerly MJ, Houston JT, Boehme AK .
Safety of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator administration with computed tomography evidence of prior infarction.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014 Jul;23(6):1657-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.01.011..
Keywords: Stroke, Risk, Outcomes, Imaging