National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Arthritis (1)
- Asthma (1)
- Caregiving (1)
- Care Management (1)
- Children/Adolescents (10)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
- Disparities (1)
- Domestic Violence (1)
- (-) Education (17)
- Education: Academic (1)
- Guidelines (1)
- Healthcare Costs (1)
- Health Status (2)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Influenza (1)
- Lifestyle Changes (1)
- Low-Income (1)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) (2)
- Nutrition (5)
- Obesity (3)
- Obesity: Weight Management (1)
- Orthopedics (1)
- Outcomes (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (1)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (1)
- Policy (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Prevention (4)
- Public Health (1)
- Quality Improvement (1)
- Quality of Care (1)
- Rural Health (1)
- Social Determinants of Health (2)
- Vaccination (1)
- Women (2)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 17 of 17 Research Studies DisplayedCohen JFW, Gorski Findling MT, Rosenfeld L
The impact of 1 year of healthier school food policies on students' diets during and outside of the school day.
In 2012, Massachusetts implemented both the updated national school meal standards and comprehensive competitive food/beverage standards that closely align with current national requirements for school snacks. This study examines the impact of these combined standards on school meal and snack food selections, as well as food choices outside of school. The investigators concluded that with the reduction in the number of unhealthy school snacks, significantly more students selected school meals. Students did not compensate for lack of unhealthy snacks in school by increased consumption of unhealthy snacks outside of school.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Cohen JFW, Gorski Findling MT, Rosenfeld L .
The impact of 1 year of healthier school food policies on students' diets during and outside of the school day.
J Acad Nutr Diet 2018 Dec;118(12):2296-301. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.07.009..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Education, Nutrition, Policy
Parikh K, Paul J, Foushee N
Barriers and facilitators to asthma care after hospitalization as reported by caregivers, health providers, and school nurses.
This study focused on developing a comprehensive understanding of asthma care after hospitalization of children as reported by caregivers, health providers, and school nurses. The children had a median age of 7 years, mean hospital length of stay of 1.9 days, and 56% had a previous hospitalization in the last 12 months. Family caregivers and health professionals were given individual interviews while focus groups were conducted with school nurses. There were different health beliefs about asthma knowledge between caregivers and health professionals. School nurses highlighted specific barriers that focused on medication use in schools.
AHRQ-funded; HS024554.
Citation: Parikh K, Paul J, Foushee N .
Barriers and facilitators to asthma care after hospitalization as reported by caregivers, health providers, and school nurses.
Hosp Pediatr 2018 Nov;8(11):706-17. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2017-0182..
Keywords: Asthma, Hospitalization, Children/Adolescents, Caregiving, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Education
Jaime MCD, McCauley HL, Tancredi DJ
Implementing a coach-delivered dating violence prevention program with high school athletes.
This paper describes the implementation of a coach-delivered dating violence prevention program with high school athletes. The program, Coaching Boys Into Men (CBIM), is an evidence-based, athletic coach-delivered dating violence prevention program that has been shown to increase positive bystander behaviors and reduce abuse perpetration among high school male athletes.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation: Jaime MCD, McCauley HL, Tancredi DJ .
Implementing a coach-delivered dating violence prevention program with high school athletes.
Prev Sci 2018 Nov;19(8):1113-22. doi: 10.1007/s11121-018-0909-2..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Domestic Violence, Education
Ciotoli C, Smith AJ, Keeling RP
Call to action: better care, better health, and greater value in college health.
This report aims to inspire, motivate, and challenge college health professionals and their colleagues, campus leaders, and national entities to take both immediate and sustainable steps to bring quality improvement (QI) to the forefront of college health practice - and, by doing so, to elevate care, health, and value of college health as a key pathway to advancing student success.
AHRQ-funded; HS022520.
Citation: Ciotoli C, Smith AJ, Keeling RP .
Call to action: better care, better health, and greater value in college health.
J Am Coll Health 2018 Oct;66(7):625-39. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1431908..
Keywords: Education, Quality of Care, Quality Improvement
Monheit AC, Grafova IB
Education and family health care spending.
Using data from the 2004 to 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), the investigators examined the association between parental education and family health care spending in single-mother and two-parent families. Controlling for family income and health insurance status, they found consistent evidence that parental education beyond 12 years of schooling was associated with increases in family health care spending and with reductions in the likelihood of adverse health conditions.
AHRQ-funded; HS02405.
Citation: Monheit AC, Grafova IB .
Education and family health care spending.
Southern Economic Journal 2018 Jul;85(1):71-92. doi: doi:10.1002/soej.12300..
Keywords: Education, Healthcare Costs, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
Goodman SM, Mandi LA, Mehta B
Does education level mitigate the effect of poverty on total knee arthroplasty outcomes?
The authors assessed the interaction between education and poverty on 2-year Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and function. They found that having no college was associated with worse pain and function at baseline and 2 years and that living in a poor neighborhood was associated with worse 2-year pain and function. There was a strong interaction between individual education and community poverty with WOMAC scores at 2 years. Patients without college living in poor communities had pain scores that were ~10 points worse than those with some college; in wealthy communities, college was associated with a 1-point difference in pain. Function was similar. The authors recommended further study on how education protects those in impoverished communities.
AHRQ-funded; HS016075.
Citation: Goodman SM, Mandi LA, Mehta B .
Does education level mitigate the effect of poverty on total knee arthroplasty outcomes?
Arthritis Care Res 2018 Jun;70(6):884-91. doi: 10.1002/acr.23442..
Keywords: Arthritis, Education, Low-Income, Orthopedics, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Social Determinants of Health
Saavedra-Avendano B, Schiavon R, Sanhueza P
Who presents past the gestational age limit for first trimester abortion in the public sector in Mexico City?
This study identified socio-demographic factors associated with presenting for abortion services past the gestational age (GA) limit (12 weeks), and thus not receiving services, in Mexico City's public sector first trimester abortion program. Adult women had significantly lower odds than adolescents of presenting past the limit. There was an educational gradient across all age groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Saavedra-Avendano B, Schiavon R, Sanhueza P .
Who presents past the gestational age limit for first trimester abortion in the public sector in Mexico City?
PLoS One 2018 Feb 7;13(2):e0192547. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192547.
.
.
Keywords: Education, Pregnancy, Social Determinants of Health, Women
Szilagyi PG, Schaffer S, Rand CM
School-located influenza vaccinations for adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.
In this study, the investigators aimed to evaluate the effect of school-located influenza vaccination (SLIV) on adolescents' influenza vaccination rates. In 2015-2016, they performed a cluster-randomized trial of adolescent SLIV in middle/high schools. They concluded that SLIV in this community increased influenza vaccination rates among adolescents attending suburban schools.
AHRQ-funded; HS021163.
Citation: Szilagyi PG, Schaffer S, Rand CM .
School-located influenza vaccinations for adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.
J Adolesc Health 2018 Feb;62(2):157-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.09.021..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Education, Influenza, Prevention, Public Health, Vaccination
Gorski Findling MT, Werth PM, Musicus AA
Comparing five front-of-pack nutrition labels' influence on consumers' perceptions and purchase intentions.
In 2011, a National Academy of Medicine report recommended that packaged food in the U.S. display a uniform front-of-package nutrition label, using a system such as a 0-3 star ranking. This study compares five front-of-pack nutrition labels' influence on consumers' perceptions and purchase intentions. The authors indicated that results did not point to a clearly superior label design, but suggested that a 3-star label might not be best for educating consumers.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Gorski Findling MT, Werth PM, Musicus AA .
Comparing five front-of-pack nutrition labels' influence on consumers' perceptions and purchase intentions.
Prev Med 2018 Jan;106:114-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.10.022..
Keywords: Education, Nutrition, Obesity
Baiocchi M, Omondi B, Langat N
A behavior-based intervention that prevents sexual assault: the results of a matched-pairs, cluster-randomized study in Nairobi, Kenya.
This study was a cluster-randomized, matched-pairs, parallel trial of a behavior-based sexual assault prevention intervention in the informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. The study intervention combined parallel training for young adolescent girls and boys in school settings and showed significant reduction in the rate of sexual assault among girls in this population.
AHRQ-funded; HS022192.
Citation: Baiocchi M, Omondi B, Langat N .
A behavior-based intervention that prevents sexual assault: the results of a matched-pairs, cluster-randomized study in Nairobi, Kenya.
Prev Sci 2017 Oct;18(7):818-27. doi: 10.1007/s11121-016-0701-0..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Education, Prevention, Women
Wisk LE, Weitzman ER
Expectancy and achievement gaps in educational attainment and subsequent adverse health effects among adolescents with and without chronic medical conditions.
This study sought to investigate educational aspirations, expectations, and attainment among youth with and without chronic conditions and to determine if these relationships mediated subsequent disparities in health and well-being. Findings suggest an important risk mechanism through which youth with chronic medical conditions may acquire socioeconomic disadvantage as they develop and progress through educational settings.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986; HS000063.
Citation: Wisk LE, Weitzman ER .
Expectancy and achievement gaps in educational attainment and subsequent adverse health effects among adolescents with and without chronic medical conditions.
J Adolesc Health 2017 Oct;61(4):461-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.04.006..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Chronic Conditions, Disparities, Education, Health Status
Payan DD, Sloane DC, Illum J
Perceived barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and school lunch meals among adolescents: a qualitative study.
The researchers explored how perceived barriers and facilitators influence healthy eating and investigated the acceptability of changes to school lunch meals among adolescents after implementation of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010. Their findings suggest the need to measure perceived and actual barriers to healthy eating among adolescents and to examine the effect of these barriers on dietary behavior.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Payan DD, Sloane DC, Illum J .
Perceived barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and school lunch meals among adolescents: a qualitative study.
Am J Health Behav 2017 Sep 1;41(5):661-69. doi: 10.5993/ajhb.41.5.15.
.
.
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Education, Lifestyle Changes, Nutrition
Davis MM, Spurlock M, Ramsey K
Milk options observation (MOO): a mixed-methods study of chocolate milk removal on beverage consumption and student/staff behaviors in a rural elementary school.
The researchers conducted a study of flavored milk removal at a rural primary school between May and June 2012. They measured beverage selection/consumption pre- and post-chocolate milk removal and collected observation field notes. Their conclusion was that removing flavored milk from school-provided lunches may lower students' daily added sugar consumption without considerably decreasing calcium and protein intake and may promote healthy weight.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Davis MM, Spurlock M, Ramsey K .
Milk options observation (MOO): a mixed-methods study of chocolate milk removal on beverage consumption and student/staff behaviors in a rural elementary school.
J Sch Nurs 2017 Aug;33(4):285-98. doi: 10.1177/1059840517703744.
.
.
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Education, Nutrition, Rural Health
Kaplan RM, Fang Z, Kirby J
AHRQ Author: Kirby J
Educational attainment and health outcomes: data from the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey.
This study explored the extent to which health care utilization and health risk-taking can explain the education-health gradient above and beyond what can be explained by previously examined mediators such as age, race, and poverty status. It found systematic graded relationships between educational attainment and health including, SF-12 PCS scores, self-rated health, and activity limitations. Education was associated with more office visits and outpatient visits and less risk tolerance.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Kaplan RM, Fang Z, Kirby J .
Educational attainment and health outcomes: data from the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey.
Health Psychol 2017 Jun;36(6):598-608. doi: 10.1037/hea0000431.
.
.
Keywords: Education: Academic, Education, Health Status, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
Rosenfeld LE, Cohen JF, Gorski MT
How do we actually put smarter snacks in schools? NOURISH (Nutrition Opportunities to Understand Reforms Involving Student Health) conversations with food-service directors.
In autumn 2012, Massachusetts schools implemented comprehensive competitive food and beverage standards similar to the US Department of Agriculture's Smart Snacks in School standards. In this study, the authors explored major themes raised by food-service directors (FSD) regarding their school-district-wide implementation of the standards. The investigators found that FSD in more-compliant districts were more likely to talk about themes than those in less-compliant districts.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Rosenfeld LE, Cohen JF, Gorski MT .
How do we actually put smarter snacks in schools? NOURISH (Nutrition Opportunities to Understand Reforms Involving Student Health) conversations with food-service directors.
Public Health Nutr 2017 Feb;20(3):556-64. doi: 10.1017/s1368980016002044..
Keywords: Education, Nutrition
Aldrich H, Gance-Cleveland B, Schmiege S
Identification and assessment of childhood obesity by school-based health center providers.
The authors evaluated obesity care assessment practices of school-based health center (SBHC) providers prior to completing training on obesity guidelines. They found that most providers reported using BMI to assess weight, reported screening for hypertension 100% of the time and cardiovascular disease 93.9% of the time, and approximately two thirds reported requesting total cholesterol and lipid profile laboratory assessments.
AHRQ-funded; HS018646.
Citation: Aldrich H, Gance-Cleveland B, Schmiege S .
Identification and assessment of childhood obesity by school-based health center providers.
J Pediatr Health Care 2014 Nov-Dec;28(6):526-33. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2014.05.002.
.
.
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Guidelines, Education, Obesity, Prevention
Aldrich H, Gance-Cleveland B, Schmiege S
School-based health center providers' treatment of overweight children.
The purpose of this study was to determine self-reported treatment practices of school-based health center (SBHC) providers when caring for overweight/obese children. SBHC providers reported patient/parent barriers to be more significant to treatment than clinician/setting barriers. Most providers (97%) indicated childhood overweight needs treatment, yet only 36% indicated that they initiate treatment in children who do not want to control their weight. SBHC providers also did not commonly refer these children to specialists.
AHRQ-funded; HS018646.
Citation: Aldrich H, Gance-Cleveland B, Schmiege S .
School-based health center providers' treatment of overweight children.
J Pediatr Nurs 2014 Nov-Dec;29(6):521-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2014.05.007.
.
.
Keywords: Care Management, Children/Adolescents, Education, Obesity, Prevention, Obesity: Weight Management