National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Events (2)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (2)
- Antibiotics (2)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (1)
- Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) (2)
- (-) Children/Adolescents (10)
- Critical Care (1)
- (-) Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (10)
- Healthcare Delivery (1)
- Infectious Diseases (2)
- Influenza (1)
- Injuries and Wounds (2)
- Medication (2)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (2)
- Orthopedics (1)
- Patient Safety (3)
- Prevention (1)
- Primary Care (1)
- Quality of Care (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (2)
- Risk (1)
- Skin Conditions (1)
- Surgery (2)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 10 of 10 Research Studies DisplayedEisenberg MT, Block AM, Vopat ML
Rates of infection after ACL reconstruction in pediatric and adolescent patients: a MarketScan database study of 44,501 patients.
This study’s objective was to describe and analyze the rates of surgical site infections after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery in pediatric patients. The Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database was used to access data for privately insured individuals aged 5 to 30 years old. ACL reconstruction operation records were accessed for operations performed from 2006 to 2018. The database identified 44,501 individuals up to 18 years old, and 63,495 individuals aged 18 to 30 years old that underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. No differences in infection rates were found between the two groups. However, among patients younger than 18 years, patients below 15 years old had a significantly lower infection rate at 0.37% compared with adolescents 15 to 17 years old at 0.55%. Among young adults, males had a higher infection rate than females, while no differences were observed in the pediatric and adolescent population.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Eisenberg MT, Block AM, Vopat ML .
Rates of infection after ACL reconstruction in pediatric and adolescent patients: a MarketScan database study of 44,501 patients.
J Pediatr Orthop 2022 Apr;42(4):e362-e66. doi: 10.1097/bpo.0000000000002080..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Surgery, Orthopedics, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Adverse Events, Injuries and Wounds
Khamash DF, Voskertchian A, Tamma PD
Increasing clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Infections.
This retrospective observational study looked at pediatric clinical cultures between 2005 and 2017 that grew Staphylococcus aureus culture and their trends in antibiotic resistance. Methicillin resistance declined but clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance increased significantly.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Khamash DF, Voskertchian A, Tamma PD .
Increasing clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Infections.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019 Sep 25;8(4):351-53. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piy062..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Antibiotics, Medication, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Khamash DF, Voskertchian A, Tamma PD
Increasing clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Infections.
This retrospective observational study looked at pediatric clinical cultures between 2005 and 2017 that grew Staphylococcus aureus culture and their trends in antibiotic resistance. Methicillin resistance declined but clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance increased significantly.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Khamash DF, Voskertchian A, Tamma PD .
Increasing clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Infections.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019 Sep 25;8(4):351-53. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piy062..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Antibiotics, Medication
Kates AE, Zimbric ML, Mitchell K
The impact of chlorhexidine gluconate on the skin microbiota of children and adults: a pilot study.
The authors examined the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate bathing on the skin microbiota of adult and pediatric patients. They observed no differences in pediatric patients, but multiple genera of bacteria were observed to be significantly less abundant in adults. They recommended further research to determine long-term impact.
AHRQ-funded; HS024039.
Citation: Kates AE, Zimbric ML, Mitchell K .
The impact of chlorhexidine gluconate on the skin microbiota of children and adults: a pilot study.
Am J Infect Control 2019 Aug;47(8):1014-16. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.01.024..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Skin Conditions, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Prevention, Patient Safety
Feemster K, Localio R, Grundmeier R
Incidence of healthcare-associated influenza-like illness after a primary care encounter among young children.
The authors evaluated whether exposure to a pediatric clinic visit was associated with subsequent influenza-like illness (ILI) using electronic health record data. They found that pediatric clinic visits during a respiratory virus season were significantly associated with an increased incidence of subsequent ILI among children aged 2 to 6 years but not among those aged less than 2 years. They concluded that their findings support the hypothesis that respiratory virus transmission in a pediatric clinic can result in healthcare-associated ILI in young children.
AHRQ-funded; HS020939.
Citation: Feemster K, Localio R, Grundmeier R .
Incidence of healthcare-associated influenza-like illness after a primary care encounter among young children.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019 Jul 1;8(3):191-96. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piy023..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Influenza, Primary Care, Healthcare Delivery, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Respiratory Conditions
Gerber JS, Ross RK, Szymczak JE
Infections after pediatric ambulatory surgery: incidence and risk factors.
Investigators studied the prevalence of surgical-site infections (SSIs) in a single pediatric healthcare network between ambulatory surgery facilities and a hospital-based facility. No statistical difference in the number of SSIs was found.
AHRQ-funded; HS020921.
Citation: Gerber JS, Ross RK, Szymczak JE .
Infections after pediatric ambulatory surgery: incidence and risk factors.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 Feb;40(2):150-57. doi: 10.1017/ice.2018.211..
Keywords: Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Children/Adolescents, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Risk, Surgery, Injuries and Wounds
Karandikar MV, Coffin SE, Priebe GP
Variability in antimicrobial use in pediatric ventilator-associated events.
This article describes a study which assesses variability in antimicrobial use and associations with infection testing in pediatric ventilator-associated events (VAEs). 192 patients with ventilator-associated conditions were identified in neonatal, pediatric, and cardiac ICUs in six hospitals. Type and duration of antimicrobial use varied by ICU type. The authors conclude that antimicrobial use is common in pediatric ventilator-associated conditions, but pediatric VAP is uncommon; prolonged usage of antimicrobials in spite of low pediatric VAP rates or positive laboratory testing for infection suggests that pediatric ventilator-associated conditions with antimicrobial use for >/= 4 days may provide a lever for antimicrobial stewardship programs to improve utilization.
AHRQ-funded; HS021636.
Citation: Karandikar MV, Coffin SE, Priebe GP .
Variability in antimicrobial use in pediatric ventilator-associated events.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 Jan;40(1):32-39. doi: 10.1017/ice.2018.264..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Children/Adolescents, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Respiratory Conditions
Bundy DG, Gaur AH, Billett AL
Preventing CLABSIs among pediatric hematology/oncology inpatients: national collaborative results.
This study assessed the feasibility of a multicenter effort to standardize central line (CL) care and central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) tracking and to quantify the impact of standardizing these processes on CLABSI rates. It found a reduction of 28 percent in the mean CLABSI rate from 2.85 to 2.04 per 1,000 CL days over almost 3 years.
AHRQ-funded; HS019590
Citation: Bundy DG, Gaur AH, Billett AL .
Preventing CLABSIs among pediatric hematology/oncology inpatients: national collaborative results.
Pediatrics. 2014 Dec;134(6):e1678-85. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-0582..
Keywords: Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Quality of Care, Children/Adolescents
Fritz SA, Hogan PG, Singh LN
Contamination of environmental surfaces with Staphylococcus aureus in households with children infected with methicillin-resistant S aureus.
This study of the households of 50 children with active or recent culture-positive community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection found MRSA-contaminated surfaces in 23 of the 50 households, most frequently form the bed linens (18 percent), television remote control (16 percent), and bathroom hand towel (15 percent).
AHRQ-funded; HS021736
Citation: Fritz SA, Hogan PG, Singh LN .
Contamination of environmental surfaces with Staphylococcus aureus in households with children infected with methicillin-resistant S aureus.
JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Nov;168(11):1030-8. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.1218..
Keywords: Patient Safety, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Children/Adolescents, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Patrick SW, Kawai AT, Kleinman K
Health care-associated infections among critically ill children in the US, 2007-2012.
The researchers examined trends in central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence rates between 2007 and 2012 based on standardized surveillance data from pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the United States. They found that incidence rates of CLABSIs and VAPs decreased among critically ill neonates and children during this period.
AHRQ-funded; HS018414.
Citation: Patrick SW, Kawai AT, Kleinman K .
Health care-associated infections among critically ill children in the US, 2007-2012.
Pediatrics 2014 Oct;134(4):705-12. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-0613..
Keywords: Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Critical Care, Children/Adolescents, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)