National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Access to Care (1)
- Adverse Events (1)
- Asthma (1)
- Behavioral Health (1)
- Caregiving (1)
- (-) Children/Adolescents (11)
- Community-Acquired Infections (1)
- Community-Based Practice (1)
- Disparities (2)
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) (2)
- Healthcare Costs (2)
- Healthcare Delivery (1)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (1)
- Health Status (2)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1)
- Implementation (1)
- Infectious Diseases (1)
- Low-Income (2)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1)
- Obesity (2)
- Obesity: Weight Management (1)
- Outcomes (1)
- Patient Safety (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Primary Care (1)
- Quality of Care (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (2)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Risk (1)
- Screening (2)
- (-) Social Determinants of Health (11)
- Urban Health (1)
- Vulnerable Populations (1)
- Workflow (1)
- Young Adults (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 11 of 11 Research Studies DisplayedDe Marchis EH, Hessler D, Fichtenberg C
Part I: A quantitative study of social risk screening acceptability in patients and caregivers.
This study evaluated patient and caregiver acceptability of social risk screening. Adult patients and the adult caregivers of pediatric patients were recruited from primary care clinics and emergency departments across nine states for a survey; survey items included the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Accountable Health Communities' social risk screening tool and questions about the appropriateness of screening and including social risk data in electronic health records. Results showed that a strong majority of surveyed patients and caregivers found social risk screening to be appropriate. Most also felt comfortable including social risk data in electronic health records. The researchers conclude that lack of patient acceptability is unlikely to be a major implementation barrier.
AHRQ-funded; HS026664.
Citation: De Marchis EH, Hessler D, Fichtenberg C .
Part I: A quantitative study of social risk screening acceptability in patients and caregivers.
Am J Prev Med 2019 Dec;57(6 Suppl 1):S25-s37. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.07.010..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Caregiving, Screening, Social Determinants of Health, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Calthorpe LM, Pantell MS
Differences in the prevalence of childhood adversity by geography in the 2017-18 National Survey of Children's Health.
This study examined differences in childhood exposures to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) by geography and determined whether geography moderates the relationship between ACE exposure and health outcomes including overall health, asthma, ADHD, and special health care needs. Cross-sectional data from 2017-2017 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) was analyzed. Rural residency was associated with 1.29 times increased odds of exposure to 4+ ACEs compared to suburban residency. Urban residency status was observed to increase the association between ACEs and asthma.
AHRQ-funded; HS026383.
Citation: Calthorpe LM, Pantell MS .
Differences in the prevalence of childhood adversity by geography in the 2017-18 National Survey of Children's Health.
Child Abuse Negl 2021 Jan;111:104804. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104804..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Social Determinants of Health, Health Status
Zullo AR, Adams JW, Gantenberg JR
Examining neighborhood poverty-based disparities in HIV/STI prevalence: an analysis of Add Health data.
The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of exposure to neighborhood poverty in adolescence on HIV/STI prevalence in early adulthood. The investigators found that strong evidence for neighborhood poverty-based differences in HIV/STI prevalence was not observed. They suggest that researchers should continue to investigate the effect of neighborhood-level socioeconomic position measures and, if warranted, identify etiologically relevant exposure periods.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Zullo AR, Adams JW, Gantenberg JR .
Examining neighborhood poverty-based disparities in HIV/STI prevalence: an analysis of Add Health data.
Ann Epidemiol 2019 Nov;39:8-14.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.09.010..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Low-Income, Vulnerable Populations, Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Infectious Diseases, Young Adults, Health Status
Louisias M, Ramadan A, Naja AS
The effects of the environment on asthma disease activity.
This study discusses environmental factors that trigger or aggravate symptoms of asthma in children. Biological and physical factors include allergens, microbiome, endotoxin, genetics and pollution. Psychosocial environmental factors include stress, neighborhood safety, housing and discrimination. Control of these factors help to reduce prevalence and severity of asthma.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Louisias M, Ramadan A, Naja AS .
The effects of the environment on asthma disease activity.
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2019 May;39(2):163-75. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2018.12.005..
Keywords: Asthma, Children/Adolescents, Respiratory Conditions, Risk, Social Determinants of Health
Nasol E, Lindly OJ, Chavez AE
Unmet need and financial impact disparities for US children with ADHD.
The 5.1million US children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have pronounced needs in education, occupational and speech therapy, and medical and behavioral treatments. Given known associations of ADHD diagnosis with race/ethnicity and parent education, this study aimed to assess how measures of socioeconomic status correlate with both adverse family financial impact of ADHD and disparities in unmet treatment need for ADHD.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Nasol E, Lindly OJ, Chavez AE .
Unmet need and financial impact disparities for US children with ADHD.
Acad Pediatr 2019 Apr;19(3):315-24. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2018.09.001..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Healthcare Costs, Social Determinants of Health
Immergluck LC, Leong T, Matthews K
Geographic surveillance of community associated MRSA infections in children using electronic health record data.
This study conducted a geographic surveillance of community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureas (CA-MRSA) incidence in children from 2000 to 2010 in the Atlanta Metropolitan area. Census tract data was filtered to create maps of antibiotic resistant and non-resistant forms of CA-MRSA infection. Black children and children under the age of 4 were found to have increased risk for CA-MRSA. Poverty also made a difference in the rate of CA-MRSA with neighborhoods with larger households having a higher rate.
AHRQ-funded; HS024338.
Citation: Immergluck LC, Leong T, Matthews K .
Geographic surveillance of community associated MRSA infections in children using electronic health record data.
BMC Infect Dis 2019 Feb 18;19(1):170. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-3682-3..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Community-Acquired Infections, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Social Determinants of Health
Fiori K, Patel M, Sanderson D
From policy statement to practice: integrating social needs screening and referral assistance with community health workers in an urban academic health center.
The authors described their experience implementing a novel social needs screening program at an academic pediatric clinic. They found that, on average, 76% of providers had their patients screened on more than half of eligible well-child visits. Their experience suggested that screening for social needs at well-child visits is feasible as part of routine primary care. They recommended that success would best be achieved by leveraging resources, obtaining provider buy-in, and defining program components to sustain activities.
AHRQ-funded; HS026396.
Citation: Fiori K, Patel M, Sanderson D .
From policy statement to practice: integrating social needs screening and referral assistance with community health workers in an urban academic health center.
J Prim Care Community Health 2019 Jan-Dec;10:2150132719899207. doi: 10.1177/2150132719899207..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Community-Based Practice, Healthcare Delivery, Implementation, Screening, Social Determinants of Health, Urban Health, Workflow, Primary Care
Stockwell DC, Landrigan CP, Toomey SL
Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in patient safety events for hospitalized children.
Previous studies have revealed racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in quality of care and patient safety. However, these disparities have not been examined in a pediatric inpatient environment by using a measure of clinically confirmed adverse events (AEs). In this study, the investigators do so using the Global Assessment of Pediatric Patient Safety (GAPPS) Trigger Tool. The investigators concluded that the GAPPS analysis revealed racial and/or ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in rates of AEs experienced by hospitalized children across a broad range of geographic and hospital settings.
AHRQ-funded; HS020513; HS025299.
Citation: Stockwell DC, Landrigan CP, Toomey SL .
Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in patient safety events for hospitalized children.
Hosp Pediatr 2019 Jan;9(1):1-5. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2018-0131..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health, Hospitalization, Patient Safety, Quality of Care, Adverse Events
Cai L, Wu Y, Cheskin LI
Effect of childhood obesity prevention programmes on blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This study, the first systematic, quantitative study of childhood obesity prevention programs on blood lipids in high-income countries found that most interventions (70 percent) showed similar significant or no effects on adiposity- and lipid outcomes; 15 percent of interventions improved both adiposity- and lipids outcomes; 55 percent had no significant effects on either. These programs had a significant desirable effect on LDL-C and HDL-C.
AHRQ-funded; 290200710061I
Citation: Cai L, Wu Y, Cheskin LI .
Effect of childhood obesity prevention programmes on blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Obes Rev. 2014 Dec;15(12):933-44. doi: 10.1111/obr.12227..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity, Prevention, Outcomes, Social Determinants of Health
Angier H, Gregg J, Gold R
Understanding how low-income families prioritize elements of health care access for their children via the optimal care model.
The researchers explored low-income parents’ perspectives on accessing health care. Interviews with 29 Oregon parents revealed that affordability and limited availability were seen as barriers to care; while a continuous relationship with a health care provider helped them overcome these barriers. Parents also described the difficult decisions they made between affordability and acceptability in order to get the best care they could for their children.
AHRQ-funded; HS018569.
Citation: Angier H, Gregg J, Gold R .
Understanding how low-income families prioritize elements of health care access for their children via the optimal care model.
BMC Health Serv Res 2014 Nov 19;14:585. doi: 10.1186/s12913-014-0585-2..
Keywords: Access to Care, Children/Adolescents, Low-Income, Social Determinants of Health, Healthcare Costs
McCormick EV, Dickinson LM, Haemer MA
What can providers learn from childhood body mass index trajectories: a study of a large, safety-net clinical population.
The investigators described childhood weight gain using body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectories in a low-income urban safety-net population and identified among gender- and race/ethnicity-specific groups any trends for increased risk. They found that all gender and race/ethnicity subgroups showed increasing average BMI z-scores during childhood, with Hispanic boys and black girls showing the most significant increase during this observation period. They further found that many obese children were already overweight by age 3, and persistence of obesity after 3 years of age was high. They concluded that intervention before age 3 may be essential to curbing unhealthy weight trajectories.
AHRQ-funded; HS021138.
Citation: McCormick EV, Dickinson LM, Haemer MA .
What can providers learn from childhood body mass index trajectories: a study of a large, safety-net clinical population.
Acad Pediatr 2014 Nov-Dec;14(6):639-45. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2014.06.009.
.
.
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health, Obesity: Weight Management