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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
126 to 150 of 245 Research Studies DisplayedBaskind MJ, Taveras EM, Gerber MW
Parent-perceived stress and its association with children's weight and obesity-related behaviors.
Psychosocial stress is associated with obesity in adult and pediatric populations, but few studies have examined the relationship between parent-perceived stress and risk of child obesity and related behaviors. In this study, the investigators studied 689 pairs of parents and children aged 2 to 12 in Massachusetts with a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 85th percentile. The investigators found that among children with overweight or obesity, parent-perceived stress was associated with fast-food consumption and physical activity.
AHRQ-funded; HS024332; HS022986.
Citation: Baskind MJ, Taveras EM, Gerber MW .
Parent-perceived stress and its association with children's weight and obesity-related behaviors.
Prev Chronic Dis 2019 Mar 28;16:E39. doi: 10.5888/pcd16.180368..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Family Health and History, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Risk, Stress
Bauer NS, Ofner S, Moore C
Assessment of the effects of pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on family stress and well-being: development of the IMPACT 1.0 scale.
This paper describes the IMPACT (Impact Measure of Parenting-Related ADHD Challenges and Treatment) 1.0 Scale which was codeveloped with input from parent advisors and administered to 79 parents of children with ADHD. It is a brief measure to assess ADHD impacts on family in the context of everyday family life. Exploratory factor analysis, correlations with validated instruments, and test-retest reliability were examined in the study.
AHRQ-funded; HS022434.
Citation: Bauer NS, Ofner S, Moore C .
Assessment of the effects of pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on family stress and well-being: development of the IMPACT 1.0 scale.
Glob Pediatr Health 2019 Mar 15;6:2333794x19835645. doi: 10.1177/2333794x19835645..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Family Health and History, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Quality of Life
Baker JM, Tate JE, Steiner CA
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Longer-term direct and indirect effects of infant rotavirus vaccination across all ages in the US; 2000 - 2013: analysis of a large hospital discharge dataset.
Rotavirus disease dramatically declined among children under 5 years of age since the rotavirus vaccine was introduced in 2006. In this study, data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database were used to conduct a time-series analysis of monthly hospital discharges across age groups for acute gastroenteritis and rotavirus from 2000-2013, in order to elucidate population level impacts.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Baker JM, Tate JE, Steiner CA .
Longer-term direct and indirect effects of infant rotavirus vaccination across all ages in the US; 2000 - 2013: analysis of a large hospital discharge dataset.
Clin Infect Dis 2019 Mar 15;68(6):976-83. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy580..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, Vaccination
Han B, Yu H
Causal difference-in-differences estimation for evaluating the impact of semi-continuous medical home scores on health care for children.
For the purposes of this paper, "medical homeness" is a semi-continuous score ranging from 0 to 100 to indicate the extent to which a patient-centered medical home model is achieved. The researchers developed a causal difference-in-differences approach to estimating the effects of a treatment with semi-continuous dosages. They found that there was a roughly linear effect of medical homeness scores on the annual number of visits to doctor offices when medical homeness scores were below 60 points. The number of office visits did not further increase when medical homeness scores were above 60. A similar relationship was found between medical homeness scores and ratings for health care quality.
AHRQ-funded; HS023336.
Citation: Han B, Yu H .
Causal difference-in-differences estimation for evaluating the impact of semi-continuous medical home scores on health care for children.
Health Serv Outcomes Res Methodol 2019 Mar;19(1):61-78. doi: 10.1007/s10742-018-00195-9..
Keywords: Patient-Centered Healthcare, Children/Adolescents, Research Methodologies
Perez S, Greenzang KA
Completion of adolescent cancer treatment: excitement, guilt, and anxiety.
The completion of cancer treatment in adolescents and young adults is a time that many patients and families approach with hope and excitement but is often tinged with anxiety and fear. In this paper, the authors present a young man’s personal experience moving from treatment to survivorship as well as that of his oncologist, and together we offer recommendations for supporting children and teenagers with serious illness at the completion of therapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Perez S, Greenzang KA .
Completion of adolescent cancer treatment: excitement, guilt, and anxiety.
Pediatrics 2019 Mar;143(3). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3073..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Anxiety, Clinician-Patient Communication
Santosa KB, Keller M, Olsen MA
Negative-pressure wound therapy in infants and children: a population-based study.
Although the safety and benefits of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) have been clearly demonstrated in the adult population, studies evaluating the safety and describing the use of NPWT in the pediatric population have been limited. In this study, the investigators performed a literature review and analyzed the Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial Claims Databases from 2006 to 2014 to identify infants and children treated with NPWT.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Santosa KB, Keller M, Olsen MA .
Negative-pressure wound therapy in infants and children: a population-based study.
J Surg Res 2019 Mar;235:560-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.10.043..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Newborns/Infants, Pressure Ulcers, Injuries and Wounds, Care Management, Patient Safety
Leyenaar JK, Andrews CB, Tyksinski ER
Facilitators of interdepartmental quality improvement: a mixed-methods analysis of a collaborative to improve pediatric community-acquired pneumonia management.
This study examined the relationship between emergency room (ER) physicians and hospital pediatricians in the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics to treat children hospitalized with pneumonia. There were eight inter-related domains that were identified that contribute to successful quality improvement efforts. These domains include hospital leadership and support; quality improvement champions, and interdepartmental relationships.
AHRQ-funded; HS024133; HS024554.
Citation: Leyenaar JK, Andrews CB, Tyksinski ER .
Facilitators of interdepartmental quality improvement: a mixed-methods analysis of a collaborative to improve pediatric community-acquired pneumonia management.
BMJ Qual Saf 2019 Mar;28(3):215-22. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2018-008065..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Community-Acquired Infections, Emergency Department, Pneumonia, Quality of Care, Quality Improvement
Morgan JR, Carey KM, Barlam TF
Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute bronchitis in children and impact on subsequent episodes of care and treatment.
This study examined whether inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics to treat an initial bout of acute bronchitis in childhood can increase the likelihood of further episodes and also more antibiotic prescribing. A retrospective analysis of children with at least 1 acute bronchitis episode was conducted for the period 2008 to 2015. The cohort was children born in 2008. Results showed that children who were prescribed an antibiotic as part of their initial episode were more likely to have a subsequent acute bronchitis episode and also to be prescribed an antibiotic compared with children who were not prescribed it as part of their treatment in their first episode.
AHRQ-funded; HS022242.
Citation: Morgan JR, Carey KM, Barlam TF .
Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute bronchitis in children and impact on subsequent episodes of care and treatment.
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019 Mar;38(3):271-74. doi: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002117..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Children/Adolescents, Medication, Practice Patterns
Immergluck LC, Leong T, Matthews K
Geographic surveillance of community associated MRSA infections in children using electronic health record data.
This study conducted a geographic surveillance of community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureas (CA-MRSA) incidence in children from 2000 to 2010 in the Atlanta Metropolitan area. Census tract data was filtered to create maps of antibiotic resistant and non-resistant forms of CA-MRSA infection. Black children and children under the age of 4 were found to have increased risk for CA-MRSA. Poverty also made a difference in the rate of CA-MRSA with neighborhoods with larger households having a higher rate.
AHRQ-funded; HS024338.
Citation: Immergluck LC, Leong T, Matthews K .
Geographic surveillance of community associated MRSA infections in children using electronic health record data.
BMC Infect Dis 2019 Feb 18;19(1):170. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-3682-3..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Community-Acquired Infections, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Social Determinants of Health
Markham JL, Richardson T, Hall M
Association of weekend admission and weekend discharge with length of stay and 30-day readmission in children's hospitals.
Worse outcomes among adults presenting for/receiving care on weekends (ie, "the weekend effect") have been observed for many diseases. However, little is known about the overall impact of the weekend effect in hospitalized children. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between 1.) weekend admission and length of stay (LOS) and 2.) weekend discharge and 30-day all-cause readmission.
AHRQ-funded; HS024735.
Citation: Markham JL, Richardson T, Hall M .
Association of weekend admission and weekend discharge with length of stay and 30-day readmission in children's hospitals.
J Hosp Med 2019 Feb;14(2):75-82. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3085..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hospitals, Hospital Readmissions, Hospital Discharge, Hospitalization
Forster M, Amy GL, Areba E
Cumulative psychosocial risks, internal asse, and past 30-day tobacco use among middle and high school students: the promise of internal assets.
The authors investigated whether internal assets (IAs), factors that promote healthy youth development, can mitigate the adverse effects of psychosocial risks on tobacco use. Their results indicated that every additional psychosocial risk factor was associated with an increase in the odds of using tobacco and in the estimated number of products used. IAs were inversely associated with tobacco use and attenuated the association between cumulative psychosocial risks and use. They concluded that bolstering resilience by facilitating students' IAs represents a promising direction for youth-focused prevention efforts.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation: Forster M, Amy GL, Areba E .
Cumulative psychosocial risks, internal asse, and past 30-day tobacco use among middle and high school students: the promise of internal assets.
Addict Behav 2019 Feb;89:240-47. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.014..
Keywords: Tobacco Use, Children/Adolescents, Risk, Education
Duvall SW, Lindly O, Zuckerman K
Ethical implications for providers regarding cannabis use in children with autism spectrum disorders.
In this paper, the authors present commentary on the ethical implications of cannabis use in children with autism spectrum disorder and severe self-harm behaviors. They discuss ethical analysis that includes harm reduction, health concerns, and information sharing.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Duvall SW, Lindly O, Zuckerman K .
Ethical implications for providers regarding cannabis use in children with autism spectrum disorders.
Pediatrics 2019 Feb;143(2). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-0558..
Keywords: Autism, Children/Adolescents, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Neurological Disorders
Schnierle J, Christian-Brathwaite N, Louisias M
Implicit bias: what every pediatrician should know about the effect of bias on health and future directions.
This article discusses the role in implicit bias and its effect on health outcomes. The most highly regarded tool to measure implicit bias is the Implicit Association Test (IAT). While there is limited evidence showing an association between implicit bias and health outcomes, existing publications do show clear associations. The authors discuss the need for future research that relies on pre- and post-IAT measurements to examine the effect of bias training among healthcare providers.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Schnierle J, Christian-Brathwaite N, Louisias M .
Implicit bias: what every pediatrician should know about the effect of bias on health and future directions.
Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2019 Feb;49(2):34-44. doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2019.01.003..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Provider: Physician, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Cultural Competence
Mistry RD, May LS, Pulia MS
Improving antimicrobial stewardship in pediatric emergency care: a pathway forward.
In this commentary, the authors discuss a study in this same issue. Recent multidisciplinary teams have used novel methods to successfully engage with and intervene in urgent care, pediatric, and general–emergency department antibiotic prescribing. Antibiotic stewardship programs are recommended, as well as emergency department experts continuing to collaborate and formulate thoughtful solutions to this important patient-safety and public-health issue.
AHRQ-funded; HS024342.
Citation: Mistry RD, May LS, Pulia MS .
Improving antimicrobial stewardship in pediatric emergency care: a pathway forward.
Pediatrics 2019 Feb;143(2). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-2972..
Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Medication, Patient Safety
Egan M, Yin HS, Greenhawt M
Low caregiver health literacy among pediatric food-allergic patients is associated with poorer food allergy management knowledge.
In this paper, the authors discuss how lower health literacy in caregivers of children with food allergies is associated with deficiencies in demonstrating correct use of an epinephrine autoinjector, increased reactions to foods in the past 12 months, and knowledge gaps on treatment of allergic reactions.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Egan M, Yin HS, Greenhawt M .
Low caregiver health literacy among pediatric food-allergic patients is associated with poorer food allergy management knowledge.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019 Feb;7(2):655-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.05.021..
Keywords: Caregiving, Health Literacy, Children/Adolescents, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Cook BL, Wang Y, Sonik R
Assessing provider and racial/ethnic variation in response to the FDA antidepressant box warning.
This study analyzed the rate that providers discontinued antidepressants for youth after a 2004 FDA box warning. It was found that prescriptions decreased for White youth but even increased slightly for Black and Latino youth.
AHRQ-funded; HS021486.
Citation: Cook BL, Wang Y, Sonik R .
Assessing provider and racial/ethnic variation in response to the FDA antidepressant box warning.
Health Serv Res 2019 Feb; 54(Suppl 1):255-62. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13104..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Medication, Children/Adolescents, Patient Safety, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Medication: Safety
Lindell RB, Nishisaki A, Weiss SL
Comparison of methods for identification of pediatric severe sepsis and septic shock in the Virtual Pediatric Systems Database.
This study compared the use of Virtual Pediatric Systems with traditional use of International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition (ICD) to identify children with severe sepsis or septic shock in PICU settings. Two different systems were compared “Martin” and “Angus”. Both showed good agreement, but ICD9 identified a smaller more accurate cohort of children. Additional analysis of discrepancies between the reference standard the two virtual systems showed that prospective screening missed 66 patients who were diagnosed with severe sepsis or severe shock. Once they were included in the standard cohort, agreement improved with a positive predictive value of 70%.
AHRQ-funded; HS024511; HS022464.
Citation: Lindell RB, Nishisaki A, Weiss SL .
Comparison of methods for identification of pediatric severe sepsis and septic shock in the Virtual Pediatric Systems Database.
Crit Care Med 2019 Feb;47(2):e129-e35. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003541..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Data, Sepsis
Miller MR, Mistry KB
AHRQ Author: Mistry KB
Developing pediatric patient safety research priorities.
This article is a commentary on a newly published article by Hoffman et al entitled “Priorities for Pediatric Safety Research”. The authors agree with the discussion in the article and further elaborate on several ideas in the article. The four points discussed are: 1) broadening the stakeholders; 2) recognize the role of distinct data sources; 3) understand real-world barriers to uptake of evidence-based strategies; and 4) incorporate maternal health factors into the research.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Miller MR, Mistry KB .
Developing pediatric patient safety research priorities.
Pediatrics 2019 Feb;143(2):pii: e20182970. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-2970..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Patient Safety
Berrens ZJ, Gosdin CH, Brady PW
Efficacy and safety of pediatric critical care physician telemedicine involvement in rapid response team and code response in a satellite facility.
This study compared response rates at satellite inpatient facilities of larger children’s hospitals using telemedicine to response rates at main campus. Through the use of telemedicine, there was no difference in critical care response and rate of transfer to intensive-care units.
AHRQ-funded; HS023827.
Citation: Berrens ZJ, Gosdin CH, Brady PW .
Efficacy and safety of pediatric critical care physician telemedicine involvement in rapid response team and code response in a satellite facility.
Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019 Feb;20(2):172-77. doi: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000001796.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Critical Care, Quality of Care, Health Information Technology (HIT), Patient Safety
Riley AR, Freeman KA
Impacting pediatric primary care: opportunities and challenges for behavioral research in a shifting healthcare landscape.
This commentary discusses the role that behavioral analysts can have in partnership with pediatric medicine. There have been advances, but there has been limited impact for the daily practice of pediatrics. The authors discuss why behavioral pediatrics has failed to gain traction in primary care, describe possible opportunities for an expanded portfolio of research, and identify several examplars from the behavior analytic literature that has influenced pediatric primary care, and make further recommendations for producing influential data.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Riley AR, Freeman KA .
Impacting pediatric primary care: opportunities and challenges for behavioral research in a shifting healthcare landscape.
Behav Anal 2019 Feb;19(1):23-38. doi: 10.1037/bar0000114..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Healthcare Delivery, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Primary Care, Primary Care: Models of Care, Research Methodologies
Gerber JS, Ross RK, Szymczak JE
Infections after pediatric ambulatory surgery: incidence and risk factors.
Investigators studied the prevalence of surgical-site infections (SSIs) in a single pediatric healthcare network between ambulatory surgery facilities and a hospital-based facility. No statistical difference in the number of SSIs was found.
AHRQ-funded; HS020921.
Citation: Gerber JS, Ross RK, Szymczak JE .
Infections after pediatric ambulatory surgery: incidence and risk factors.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 Feb;40(2):150-57. doi: 10.1017/ice.2018.211..
Keywords: Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Children/Adolescents, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Risk, Surgery, Injuries and Wounds
Kamil RJ, Roxbury C, Boss E
Pediatric rhinoplasty: a national surgical quality improvement program analysis.
Rhinoplasty is commonly performed in children with congenital anomalies and resultant nasal deformity causing airway obstruction. Little is known regarding patient factors or perioperative sequelae. In this retrospective cohort study, the investigators define demographic characteristics and perioperative complications for children undergoing rhinoplasty within a large national cohort. The investigators concluded that children undergoing rhinoplasty experienced few major complications, with the most common being unplanned readmission.
AHRQ-funded; HS022932.
Citation: Kamil RJ, Roxbury C, Boss E .
Pediatric rhinoplasty: a national surgical quality improvement program analysis.
Laryngoscope 2019 Feb;129(2):494-99. doi: 10.1002/lary.27304..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Respiratory Conditions, Respiratory Conditions, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Whooten R, Kerem L, Stanley T
Physical activity in adolescents and children and relationship to metabolic health.
The purpose of this review was to summarize recent developments relating to the role of physical activity in insulin resistance and increased metabolic health in children and adolescents. Recent findings confirm the role of physical activity in decreasing insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, but the authors note that the current literature is limited by unstandardized research methods and definitions. Future research that addresses these issues in order to offer targeted physical activity interventions is recommended.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Whooten R, Kerem L, Stanley T .
Physical activity in adolescents and children and relationship to metabolic health.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2019 Feb;26(1):25-31. doi: 10.1097/med.0000000000000455..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Diabetes, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management
Haley CA, Brault MA, Mwinga K
Promoting progress in child survival across four African countries: the role of strong health governance and leadership in maternal, neonatal and child health.
The researchers conducted four individual case studies concerning the World Health Organization's African Region Millennium Development Goal #4 (MDG#4) to reduce under-five mortality by two-thirds by 2015. They found that strong health governance and leadership (HGL) was a significant driver of the greater success in Liberia and Zambia compared with Kenya and Zimbabwe. Three aspects of HGL which most consistently contributed to the different progress towards MDG#4 among the four study countries were identified. Although child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa remains high, the authors concluded that comparative study suggests key HGL factors that can facilitate the reduction of child mortality and may prove useful in tackling current Sustainable Development Goals.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Haley CA, Brault MA, Mwinga K .
Promoting progress in child survival across four African countries: the role of strong health governance and leadership in maternal, neonatal and child health.
Health Policy Plan 2019 Feb 1;34(1):24-36. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czy105..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Maternal Care, Mortality, Newborns/Infants, Pregnancy
Bucholz EM, Toomey SL, Schuster MA
Trends in pediatric hospitalizations and readmissions: 2010-2016.
In this study, the authors examined recent trends in pediatric hospitalizations and readmissions at a national level using data from the 2010-2016 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Readmissions Database and National Inpatient Sample. The investigators concluded that pediatric admissions declined from 2010 to 2016 as 30-day readmission rates increased. The increase in readmission rates was associated with greater numbers of admissions for children with chronic conditions.
AHRQ-funded; HS020513; HS025299.
Citation: Bucholz EM, Toomey SL, Schuster MA .
Trends in pediatric hospitalizations and readmissions: 2010-2016.
Pediatrics 2019 Jan 29;143(2):pii: e20181958. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-1958..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospital Readmissions, Hospitalization