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Topics
- Access to Care (1)
- Arthritis (1)
- Behavioral Health (1)
- Blood Pressure (2)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (2)
- Children/Adolescents (2)
- Chronic Conditions (2)
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine (1)
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- (-) Medication (16)
- Medication: Safety (2)
- Mortality (1)
- Nursing Homes (1)
- Opioids (6)
- Pain (2)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (4)
- Practice Patterns (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Provider: Pharmacist (1)
- (-) Racial and Ethnic Minorities (16)
- Risk (1)
- Sex Factors (1)
- Sleep Problems (1)
- Social Determinants of Health (3)
- Stroke (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 16 of 16 Research Studies DisplayedGoyal MK, Drendel AL, Chamberlain JM
Racial/ethnic differences in ED opioid prescriptions for long bone fractures: trends over time.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether racial and/or ethnic differences in provision of outpatient opioid prescriptions for children discharged from the ED with long bone fractures have decreased over time. Findings showed that, as provision of opioid prescriptions declined over time, previously marked racial and/or ethnic disparities in opioid
prescription rates at ED discharge decreased.
prescription rates at ED discharge decreased.
AHRQ-funded; HS020270.
Citation: Goyal MK, Drendel AL, Chamberlain JM .
Racial/ethnic differences in ED opioid prescriptions for long bone fractures: trends over time.
Pediatrics 2021 Nov;148(5):e2021052481. doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-052481..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Opioids, Emergency Department, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Injuries and Wounds, Pain, Medication
McCoy RG, Van Houten HK, Dunlay SM
Race and sex differences in the initiation of diabetes drugs by privately insured US adults.
The authors examined the differences in the use of three glucose-lowering medications as a function of both sex and race. They found that, compared to white men, GLP-1RA were 43% more likely to be started by White women, 12% more likely to be started by non-White men, and 21% less likely to be started by non-White women. SGLT2i were at least 10% less likely to be started by all groups compared to White men, and DPP4i were used more often by non-White than White patients of both sexes.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: McCoy RG, Van Houten HK, Dunlay SM .
Race and sex differences in the initiation of diabetes drugs by privately insured US adults.
Race and sex differences in the initiation of diabetes drugs by privately insured US adults..
Keywords: Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Medication, Sex Factors, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Morden NE, Chyn D, Wood A
Racial inequality in prescription opioid receipt - role of individual health systems.
The purpose of this study was to explore the contribution of individual health systems in the receipt of prescription opioids among racial groups in the United States. Medicare claims data for 2016-2017 was used to obtain a random 40% national sample of fee-for-service, Black and White beneficiaries 18 to 64 years of age and identify 310 racially diverse systems. Findings showed that, within individual health systems, Black and White patients received markedly different opioid doses. These system-specific findings could facilitate exploration of the causes and consequences of these differences.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: Morden NE, Chyn D, Wood A .
Racial inequality in prescription opioid receipt - role of individual health systems.
N Engl J Med 2021 Jul 22;385(4):342-51. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa2034159..
Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Practice Patterns
Lillie KM, Shaw J, Jansen KJ
Buprenorphine/naloxone for opioid use disorder among Alaska Native and American Indian people.
Opioid-related disparities are magnified among Alaska Native and American Indian (ANAI) people. Yet, no outcome studies on medication for addiction treatment, an effective treatment in other populations, among ANAI people exist. The objective of this study was to identify variables associated with buprenorphine/naloxone retention among ANAI people with opioid use disorder (OUD). The investigators concluded that younger patients and those with co-occurring substance use remained at higher risk of discontinuing buprenorphine/naloxone treatment for OUD in this population of ANAI people.
AHRQ-funded; HS023207.
Citation: Lillie KM, Shaw J, Jansen KJ .
Buprenorphine/naloxone for opioid use disorder among Alaska Native and American Indian people.
J Addict Med 2021 Jul-Aug 01;15(4):297-302. doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000757..
Keywords: Opioids, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Medication, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Vulnerable Populations
Moriya AS, Xu L
AHRQ Author: Moriya AS
The complex relationships among race/ethnicity, social determinants, and opioid utilization.
The objective of this study was to examine individual- and community-level factors associated with racial/ethnic differences in individuals' opioid prescription use. The investigators found that the average annual rate of any outpatient opioid prescription use was higher for non-Hispanic whites than for non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics. The smaller difference between non-Hispanic blacks and whites was not explained by the differences in the risk factors, while almost all the difference between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites could be explained by the differences in the means of the risk factors.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Moriya AS, Xu L .
The complex relationships among race/ethnicity, social determinants, and opioid utilization.
Health Serv Res 2021 Apr;56(2):310-22. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13619..
Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health, Opioids, Medication, Disparities
Hill LM, Lightfoot AF, Riggins L
Awareness of and attitudes toward pre-exposure prophylaxis among African American women living in low-income neighborhoods in a Southeastern city.
The authors conducted a venue-based community survey with 53 African American women living in low-income neighborhoods of a Southeastern city in order to understand women's knowledge of and attitudes toward pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). They found that awareness of PrEP was very low, with only 16% being aware that PrEP is used for HIV prevention. The vast majority reported that they would use or would consider using PrEP, most frequently citing a general interest in HIV prevention or a lack of awareness of their partners' HIV status as motivations for their interest. Some women expressed concerns about side effects or low perceived HIV risk as disincentives for PrEP use.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Hill LM, Lightfoot AF, Riggins L .
Awareness of and attitudes toward pre-exposure prophylaxis among African American women living in low-income neighborhoods in a Southeastern city.
AIDS Care 2021 Feb;33(2):239-43. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1769834..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Women, Low-Income, Prevention, Medication
Althoff KN, Leifheit KM, Park JN
Opioid-related overdose mortality in the era of fentanyl: monitoring a shifting epidemic by person, place, and time.
Investigators described US trends in opioid-related overdose mortality rates by race, age, urbanicity, and opioid type before and after the emergence of fentanyl. Using the CDC’s WONDER database, they found a disproportionate increase in opioid-related overdose deaths among urban non-Hispanic Black Americans and recommended interventions for this population in order to halt the increase in overdose deaths.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Althoff KN, Leifheit KM, Park JN .
Opioid-related overdose mortality in the era of fentanyl: monitoring a shifting epidemic by person, place, and time.
Drug Alcohol Depend 2020 Nov 1;216:108321. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108321..
Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Substance Abuse, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Sun K, Szymonifka J, Tian H
Association of traditional Chinese medicine use with adherence to prescribed Western rheumatic medications among Chinese American patients: a cross-sectional survey.
Chinese Americans are a fast-growing immigrant group with worse rheumatic disease outcomes compared to white populations and frequently use traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Whether TCM use is associated with lower adherence to Western rheumatic medications is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine adherence to Western medications for systemic rheumatic diseases in the Chinese American immigrant population and its association with TCM use.
Citation: Sun K, Szymonifka J, Tian H .
Association of traditional Chinese medicine use with adherence to prescribed Western rheumatic medications among Chinese American patients: a cross-sectional survey.
Arthritis Care Res 2020 Oct;72(10):1474-80. doi: 10.1002/acr.24031..
Keywords: Medication, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Arthritis, Chronic Conditions
Cuffee YL, Rosal M, Hargraves JL
Does home remedy use contribute to medication nonadherence among Blacks with hypertension?
The objective of this study was to examine home remedy (HR) use among Blacks with hypertension and to determine if home remedy use is correlated with blood pressure and medication adherence. Data was obtained from the TRUST study conducted 2006-2008. Findings showed that the use of HR and the number of HRs used may be associated with medication nonadherence and with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure among Blacks with hypertension. Recommendations included that health care providers need to be aware of health behaviors that may serve as barriers to medication adherence, such as the use of home remedies.
AHRQ-funded; HS020755.
Citation: Cuffee YL, Rosal M, Hargraves JL .
Does home remedy use contribute to medication nonadherence among Blacks with hypertension?
Ethn Dis 2020 Summer;30(3):451-58. doi: 10.18865/ed.30.3.451..
Keywords: Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Blood Pressure, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Cardiovascular Conditions
Goyal MK, Johnson TJ, Chamberlain JM
Racial and ethnic differences in emergency department pain management of children with fractures.
Researchers tested the hypotheses that minority children with long-bone fractures are less likely to receive analgesics, to receive opioid analgesics, and to achieve pain reduction. Using data from the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Registry, they found that there are differences in process and outcome measures by race and ethnicity in the emergency department management of pain among children with long-bone fractures. Although minority children are more likely to receive analgesics and achieve reduction in pain, they are less likely to receive opioids and achieve optimal pain reduction.
AHRQ-funded; HS020270.
Citation: Goyal MK, Johnson TJ, Chamberlain JM .
Racial and ethnic differences in emergency department pain management of children with fractures.
Pediatrics 2020 May;145(5):e20193370. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-3370..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Emergency Department, Pain, Injuries and Wounds, Medication, Opioids, Disparities
Fashaw S, Chisholm L, Mor V
Inappropriate antipsychotic use: the impact of nursing home socioeconomic and racial composition.
Researchers examined how nursing home characteristics, particularly the racial and socioeconomic composition of residents, are associated with the inappropriate use of antipsychotics, using national data from Long-Term Care: Facts on Care. They found an overall decline in the use of antipsychotics. Although findings indicated facilities with higher proportions of blacks had lower inappropriate antipsychotic use, facility-level socioeconomic disparities continued to persist among nursing homes. They recommended that policy interventions focusing on reimbursement be considered to promote reductions in antipsychotic use, specifically among Medicaid-reliant nursing homes.
ARHQ-funded; HS000011.
Citation: Fashaw S, Chisholm L, Mor V .
Inappropriate antipsychotic use: the impact of nursing home socioeconomic and racial composition.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2020 Mar;68(3):630-36. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16316..
Keywords: Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Elderly, Medication, Medication: Safety, Social Determinants of Health, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Qato DM, Daviglus ML, Wilder J
'Pharmacy deserts' are prevalent in Chicago's predominantly minority communities, raising medication access concerns.
The authors examined whether trends in the availability of pharmacies varied across communities in Chicago with different racial or ethnic compositions and whether "pharmacy deserts," or low-access neighborhoods, were more common in segregated black and Hispanic communities than elsewhere. They found that in 2012 there were disproportionately more pharmacy deserts in segregated black communities, as well as in low-income communities and federally designated Medically Underserved Areas. These findings suggest that public policies aimed at improving access to prescription medications may need to address factors beyond insurance coverage and medication affordability.
AHRQ-funded; HS021093.
Citation: Qato DM, Daviglus ML, Wilder J .
'Pharmacy deserts' are prevalent in Chicago's predominantly minority communities, raising medication access concerns.
Health Aff 2014 Nov;33(11):1958-65. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1397.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health
Yang SK, Hong M, Baek J
A common missense variant in NUDT15 confers susceptibility to thiopurine-induced leukopenia.
The researchers identified and replicated a variant associated with substantially elevated risk of thiopurine-associated leukopenia diverse populations. Their approach identified a nonsynonymous and potentially damaging polymorphism in a gene involved in purine metabolism that demonstrated clinical usefulness for patients at risk of this potentially life-threatening condition.
AHRQ-funded; HS021747
Citation: Yang SK, Hong M, Baek J .
A common missense variant in NUDT15 confers susceptibility to thiopurine-induced leukopenia.
Nat Genet. 2014 Sep;46(9):1017-20. doi: 10.1038/ng.3060..
Keywords: Genetics, Medication, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Petrov ME, Howard VJ, Kleindorfer D
Over-the-counter and prescription sleep medication and incident stroke: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study.
The authors investigated the relation between sleep medication use and incident stroke. At the sleep assessment, 9.6% of the participants used prescription sleep medication and 11.1% used over-the-counter sleep aids. Over an average follow-up of 3.3 ± 1.0 years, 297 stroke events occurred. The authors found that over-the-counter sleep medication use was associated with increased risk of incident stroke; however, there was no significant association with prescription sleep medications. They concluded that over-the-counter sleep medication use may independently increase the risk of stroke beyond other risk factors in middle-aged to older individuals with no history of stroke.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Petrov ME, Howard VJ, Kleindorfer D .
Over-the-counter and prescription sleep medication and incident stroke: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014 Sep;23(8):2110-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.03.025.
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Keywords: Medication: Safety, Medication, Risk, Sleep Problems, Stroke, Cardiovascular Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Singh JA
Facilitators and barriers to adherence to urate-lowering therapy in African-Americans with gout: a qualitative study.
The study aim was to assess the facilitators and barriers to adherence to urate-lowering therapy (ULT) in African-Americans with gout. It found that facilitators to ULT adherence included recognition of the need to take ULT regularly to prevent gout flares and the desire to have less dietary restriction. Barriers to optimal ULT adherence included doubts about effectiveness of ULT and concerns about cost and side effects.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Singh JA .
Facilitators and barriers to adherence to urate-lowering therapy in African-Americans with gout: a qualitative study.
Arthritis Res Ther 2014 Mar 29;16(2):R82. doi: 10.1186/ar4524..
Keywords: Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Schoenthaler A, Montague E, Baier Manwell L
Patient-physician racial/ethnic concordance and blood pressure control: the role of trust and medication adherence.
The researchers examined the associations between racial/ethnic concordance and blood pressure (BP) control to determine whether patient trust and medication adherence mediate these associations. They found that higher levels of trust were associated with better medication adherence and a tendency toward better BP control, irrespective of patient–physician racial/ethnic concordance.
AHRQ-funded; HS011955.
Citation: Schoenthaler A, Montague E, Baier Manwell L .
Patient-physician racial/ethnic concordance and blood pressure control: the role of trust and medication adherence.
Ethn Health 2014;19(5):565-78. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2013.857764..
Keywords: Blood Pressure, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance