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Topics
- Access to Care (2)
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- Antibiotics (1)
- Asthma (3)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 24 of 24 Research Studies DisplayedStransky ML, Fuchu P, Prendergast K
Beyond housing for health: using flexible funds to improve maternal and child health.
The purpose of this article is to describe the Upstreaming Housing for Health’s (UHfH) use of a flexible fund. The UHfH was a pilot program developed and implemented to improve housing stability and decrease health inequities among people with high-risk pregnancies and their babies. The flexible fund is a cash transfer policy that served 50 families from 2019 to 2020 and addressed housing stability and material needs that encouraged family stability within the context of their housing. The researchers found that 76% of the families accessed flexible funds for items such as rental assistance, cribs, and breast pumps, with average financial support of $1343 (standard deviation = $625). The researchers advise that cash transfer policies such as the flexible fund have been shown to positively impact family health and well-being around the world.
AHRQ-funded; HS022242.
Citation: Stransky ML, Fuchu P, Prendergast K .
Beyond housing for health: using flexible funds to improve maternal and child health.
J Urban Health 2022 Dec;99(6):1027-32. doi: 10.1007/s11524-022-00686-8..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Social Determinants of Health, Outcomes
Pineles BL, Harris AD, Goodman KE
Adverse maternal and delivery outcomes in children and very young (age ≤13 years) US adolescents compared with older adolescents and adults.
This study compared adverse maternal and delivery outcomes of pregnant 10- to 13-year-olds vs 14- to 17-year-olds and 18- to 19-year-olds. This cross-sectional study looked at all patients aged 10 to 19 years who delivered at hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database from January 2019 through May 2021. The study included 90,876 deliveries across 655 US hospitals. Controlling for patient race and ethnicity, insurance type, and obesity status: 10- to 13-year-olds had significantly higher risks of preterm delivery and cesarean delivery compared with 14- to 17-year-olds. The risk of preeclampsia was not higher for 10- to 13-year-olds compared to 14- to 17-year-olds. There was a higher risk of preterm delivery for 10- to 13-year-olds compared to 18- to 19-year-olds, but not significantly different for cesarean delivery and preeclampsia.
AHRQ-funded; HS028363.
Citation: Pineles BL, Harris AD, Goodman KE .
Adverse maternal and delivery outcomes in children and very young (age ≤13 years) US adolescents compared with older adolescents and adults.
JAMA 2022 Nov 1;328(17):1766-68. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.18340..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Pregnancy, Labor and Delivery, Women, Outcomes, Adverse Events, Maternal Care
Venkataramani M, Ogunwole SM, Caulfield LE
Maternal, infant, and child health outcomes associated with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children: a systematic review.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether WIC participation was associated with improved maternal, neonatal-birth, and infant-child health outcomes or differences in outcomes by subgroups and WIC enrollment duration. Findings showed moderate strength of evidence (SOE) that maternal WIC participation during pregnancy is likely associated with lower risk for preterm birth, low birthweight infants, and infant mortality; low SOE that maternal WIC participation may be associated with a lower likelihood of inadequate gestational weight gain, as well as increased well-child visits and childhood immunizations; and low SOE that child WIC participation may be associated with increased childhood immunizations. Further, findings showed low SOE for differences in some outcomes by race and ethnicity but insufficient evidence for differences by WIC enrollment duration.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00003.
Citation: Venkataramani M, Ogunwole SM, Caulfield LE .
Maternal, infant, and child health outcomes associated with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children: a systematic review.
pediatric pediatrics food.
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Children/Adolescents, Women, Maternal Care, Outcomes, Nutrition
Czosek RJ, Spar DS, Anderson JB
Predictors and outcomes of arrhythmia on stage I palliation of single ventricle patients.
This study investigated associated risks for arrhythmias in pediatric patients with single ventricle disease undergoing stage I palliation (S1P). The NPC-QIC (National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative) database was used to obtain retrospective patient, surgical, medication, and arrhythmia data. Bivariate analysis of variables associated with arrhythmias and survival was performed at the time of stage II palliation. Of the 2,048 included patients, 36% had arrhythmia noted in their S1P hospitalization, with supraventricular tachycardia (12%) and focal atrial tachycardia (11%) the most common. At discharge, 11% of patients were on an antiarrhythmic medication. Increased risk of arrhythmias were associated with heterotaxy syndrome, younger age at S1P, male sex, and additional anomalies. Increased mortality was associated with female sex, while decreased mortality was associated with antiarrhythmic medication and digoxin use.
AHRQ-funded; HS021114.
Citation: Czosek RJ, Spar DS, Anderson JB .
Predictors and outcomes of arrhythmia on stage I palliation of single ventricle patients.
JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2022 Sep;8(9):1136-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.06.010..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Outcomes, Children/Adolescents
Creary SE, Beeman C, Stanek J
Impact of hydroxyurea dose and adherence on hematologic outcomes for children with sickle cell anemia.
The purpose of this study was to quantify the contributions of hydroxyurea dose and medication adherence to the association between hydroxyurea exposure and hematologic parameters in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA.) Using data from children with SCA who were enrolled in two prospective hydroxyurea adherence studies, the researchers assessed the association by video of directly observed therapy or electronic pill bottle and medication administration record. Forty-five participants were included in the analysis. The study reported that higher exposure was related with higher fetal hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume. The researchers concluded that higher hydroxyurea dose was related with improved hematologic parameters and is affected by level of prescribed dose and adherence.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Creary SE, Beeman C, Stanek J .
Impact of hydroxyurea dose and adherence on hematologic outcomes for children with sickle cell anemia.
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022 Jun;69(6):e29607. doi: 10.1002/pbc.29607..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Medication, Sickle Cell Disease, Chronic Conditions, Outcomes, Patient Adherence/Compliance
Capone CA, Emerson B, Sweberg T
Intubation practice and outcomes among pediatric emergency departments: a report from National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS).
The purpose of this study was to describe Tracheal Intubation (TI) practice and outcomes in pediatric Emergency Departments as compared to those in intensive care units (ICUs) and use the resulting data to identify targets for quality improvement. The researchers analyzed consecutive TI encounters from pediatric EDs and ICUs in the National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS) database from 2015 to 2018. The study found a total of 12,512 TIs in 51 pediatric/cardiac ICUs, and 756 TIs in 13 pediatric EDs and were reported. Proportion of TIs for shock (26% ED vs. 14% ICU), respiratory decompensation (52% vs. 64%), and neurologic deterioration (30% vs. 11%) also differed by location. Limited neck mobility was reported more often in the ED (16% vs. 6%). TIs in the ED were performed more often via video laryngoscopy (64% vs. 29%). Oxygen desaturation was less commonly reported in ED TIs (13.6%) than ICU TIs (17%). Among ED TIs, shock as an indication and limited mouth opening were independently associated with adverse TI-associated events (TIAEs). The study concluded that TI characteristics vary between pediatric EDs and ICUs, yet outcomes are similar.
AHRQ-funded; HS022464.
Citation: Capone CA, Emerson B, Sweberg T .
Intubation practice and outcomes among pediatric emergency departments: a report from National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS).
Acad Emerg Med 2022 Apr;29(4):406-14. doi: 10.1111/acem.14431..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Registries, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Evidence-Based Practice, Critical Care, Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
de Loizaga SR, Schneider K, Beck AF
Socioeconomic impact on outcomes during the first year of life of patients with single ventricle heart disease: an analysis of the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative Registry.
In a retrospective cohort analysis of infants enrolled in the National Pediatric Cardiology Improvement Collaborative, researchers investigated the impact of community-level deprivation on morbidity and mortality for infants with single ventricle heart disease in the first year of life. They found that community deprivation was associated with mortality and length of stay for patients with single ventricle congenital heart disease. While patients near the mean deprivation index had a higher hazard of one year mortality compared to those at the extremes of the deprivation index, length of stay and deprivation index were linearly associated, demonstrating the complex nature of socioeconomic factors.
AHRQ-funded; HS021114.
Citation: de Loizaga SR, Schneider K, Beck AF .
Socioeconomic impact on outcomes during the first year of life of patients with single ventricle heart disease: an analysis of the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative Registry.
Pediatr Cardiol 2022 Mar;43(3):605-15. doi: 10.1007/s00246-021-02763-2..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Social Determinants of Health, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Cardiovascular Conditions, Registries, Outcomes
Choi KR, Bhakta B, Knight EA
Patient outcomes after applied behavior analysis for autism spectrum disorder.
The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of service receipt and patient outcomes for children receiving applied behavior analysis (ABA) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in an integrated health care system in which commercially insured children were covered by a state autism mandate. Findings showed that, in a health system implementation of ABA for children with ASD, there were high rates of ABA discontinuation and low ABA dosing. These challenges may diminish the potential benefits of ABA, even with mandated commercial insurance coverage.
AHRQ-funded; HS026407.
Citation: Choi KR, Bhakta B, Knight EA .
Patient outcomes after applied behavior analysis for autism spectrum disorder.
J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022 Jan;43(1):9-16. doi: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000995..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Autism, Behavioral Health, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Slatnick LR, Thornhill D, Deakyne Davies
Disseminated intravascular coagulation is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in children in the emergency department with suspected sepsis.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of early disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) on illness severity in children using a database of emergency department ED encounters for children with suspected sepsis, in view of similar associations in adults. The investigators concluded that a DIC score of ≥3 was an independent predictor for both vasopressor use and mortality in this pediatric cohort, distinct from the adult overt DIC score cutoff of ≥5.
AHRQ-funded; HS025696.
Citation: Slatnick LR, Thornhill D, Deakyne Davies .
Disseminated intravascular coagulation is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in children in the emergency department with suspected sepsis.
J Pediatr 2020 Oct;225:198-206.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.06.022..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Sepsis, Adverse Events, Mortality, Patient Safety, Outcomes
Luther M, Poppert Cordts KM, Williams CN
Sleep disturbances after pediatric traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, and association with recovery.
This is a systematic review to quantify sleep wake disturbances (SWD) after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). These SWD can place children at risk for worse outcomes since sleep is needed for brain development and healing after injury. They also evaluated interventions for SWD and the association between SWD and other post-traumatic outcomes. Literature was searched from 1999-2019 evaluating sleep or fatigue in children hospitalized for TBI. Two independent reviewers assessed quality of the studies using the Newcastle-Ottowa Score for observational studies. Out of 966 identified articles, 126 full text articles were reviewed and 24 studies were included. Studies showed at least 20% of children with TBI had some degree of SWD including trouble falling or staying asleep, fatigue, daytime fatigue, and nightmares. SWD was negatively correlated with cognitive, behavioral, and quality of life outcomes. There was moderate-high risk of bias for all studies due to small sample size and lack of validated or objective SWD measures.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Luther M, Poppert Cordts KM, Williams CN .
Sleep disturbances after pediatric traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, and association with recovery.
Sleep 2020 Oct;43(10):zsaa083. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa083..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Sleep Problems, Brain Injury, Neurological Disorders, Trauma, Risk, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Quality of Life, Evidence-Based Practice
Lindly O, Crossman M, Eaves M
Health literacy and health outcomes among children with developmental disabilities: a systematic review.
This systematic literature review focused on the impact of health literacy on health outcomes of children with developmental disabilities (DDs). A review of the literature of most of the major scientific databases was conducted. Out of 2,768 unique records identified, 53 full text articles were reviewed and four articles were included. The associations of family health literacy with health outcomes among children with DDs were mixed. Future research was recommended.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Lindly O, Crossman M, Eaves M .
Health literacy and health outcomes among children with developmental disabilities: a systematic review.
Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 2020 Sep 1;125(5):389-407. doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-125.5.389..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Health Literacy, Disabilities, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes
Mogul DB, Perito ER, Wood N
Impact of acuity circles on outcomes for pediatric liver transplant candidates.
In December 2018, UNOS approved an allocation scheme based on recipients' geographic distance from a deceased donor ("acuity circles"). Previous analyses suggested acuity circles (AC) would reduce waitlist mortality overall, but their impact on pediatric subgroups was not considered. In this study, the investigators applied Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data from 2011-2016 towards the Liver Simulated Allocation Model (LSAM) to compare outcomes by age and illness severity for the UNOS-approved AC and the existing Donor Service Area (DSA)/Region-based allocation schemes.
AHRQ-funded; HS023876.
Citation: Mogul DB, Perito ER, Wood N .
Impact of acuity circles on outcomes for pediatric liver transplant candidates.
Transplantation 2020 Aug;104(8):1627-32. doi: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003079..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Transplantation, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Registries, Surgery, Access to Care
Kaiser SV, Johnson MD, Walls TA
Pathways to improve pediatric asthma care: a multisite, national study of emergency department asthma pathway implementation.
This quality improvement study’s aim was to determine the effects of pediatric asthma pathway implementation in a diverse, national sample of emergency departments (EDs). Desired outcomes included systemic corticosteroid administration within 60 minutes (primary), assessment of severity at ED triage, chest radiograph use, hospital admission or transfer for higher level of care, and ED length of stay. Charts were reviewed each month by EDs for children ages 2-17 years with a primary diagnosis of asthma. A total of 83 EDs were enrolled, with 37 of them children’s hospitals, and 46 community hospitals. Seventy-three percent completed the study (n = 22,963). There was a significant increase in systematic corticosteroid administration within 60 minutes of arrival as well as increased odds of severity assessment at triage and decreased rate of change in odds of hospital admission/transfer. Chest radiograph or ED length of stay was not associated with pathway implementation.
AHRQ-funded; HS024592.
Citation: Kaiser SV, Johnson MD, Walls TA .
Pathways to improve pediatric asthma care: a multisite, national study of emergency department asthma pathway implementation.
J Pediatr 2020 Aug;223:100-07.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.02.080..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Asthma, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Care Management, Healthcare Delivery, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes
Thomson J, Hall M, Ambroggio L
Antibiotics for aspiration pneumonia in neurologically impaired children.
The objective of the study was to compare hospital outcomes associated with commonly used antibiotic therapies for aspiration pneumonia in children with neurologic impairment (NI). The investigators concluded that anaerobic therapy appeared to be important in the treatment of aspiration pneumonia in children with NI. They suggested that while Gram-negative coverage alone was associated with worse outcomes, its addition to anaerobic therapy may not yield improved outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS025138.
Citation: Thomson J, Hall M, Ambroggio L .
Antibiotics for aspiration pneumonia in neurologically impaired children.
J Hosp Med 2020 Jul;15(7):395-402. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3338..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Neurological Disorders, Antibiotics, Medication, Outcomes
Porter A, Brown CC, Tilford JM
Association of insurance status with treatment and outcomes in pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
This study’s objective was to determine if a health insurance disparity exists among pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury using data from the National Trauma Data Bank. The Bank contains data from more than 800 trauma centers in the United States. Isolated traumatic brain injury was defined as patients with a head Abbreviated Injury Scale score of 3+. Procedure codes were used to identify four primary treatment approaches combined into 2 classifications: craniotomy or craniectomy and external or intracranial ventricular draining. Condition at admission was defined including hypotension, Glasgow Coma Scale, mechanism and intent of injury, and Injury Severity Scale. Among the cohort of 12,449 patients, 91% had insurance and 9% were uninsured. Children without insurance had worse condition at admission with higher rates of hypotension and higher Injury Severity Score when compared with publicly and privately insured patients. Having insurance was associated with a 32% increase in the odds of cranial procedures, and 54% increase in the odds of monitor placement. Insurance coverage was associated 25% lower odds of inpatient mortality. Further study is needed to determine what factors lead to worse condition at admission.
Citation: Porter A, Brown CC, Tilford JM .
Association of insurance status with treatment and outcomes in pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
Crit Care Med 2020 Jul;48(7):e584-e91. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004398..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Brain Injury, Trauma, Health Insurance, Access to Care, Uninsured, Outcomes
Gigli KH, Davis BS, Yabes JG
Pediatric outcomes after regulatory mandates for sepsis care.
The authors used hospital discharge data from 2011 to 2015 to compare changes in pediatric sepsis outcomes in New York and four control states following New York’s 2013 regulations mandating that hospitals develop pediatric-specific protocols for sepsis recognition and treatment. They found that implementation of statewide sepsis regulations was generally associated with improved mortality trends in New York State, particularly in prespecified subpopulations of patients, suggesting that the regulations were successful in affecting sepsis outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS025146.
Citation: Gigli KH, Davis BS, Yabes JG .
Pediatric outcomes after regulatory mandates for sepsis care.
Pediatrics 2020 Jul;146(1). doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-3353.
.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Children/Adolescents, Sepsis, Outcomes, Hospitals
Kaiser SV, Jennings B, Rodean J
Pathways for improving inpatient pediatric asthma care (PIPA): a multicenter, national study.
This study examined whether implementation of a pathway strategy for inpatient pediatric asthma patients improve outcomes for these patients. Outcomes measured included length of stay (LOS), early administration of metered-dose inhalers, screening for secondhand tobacco exposure and referral to cessation resources, and 7-day hospital readmissions or emergency revisits. Eighty-five hospitals were enrolled and 68 completed the study with (n=12,013) admissions. Pathways were associated with increases in early administration of metered-dose inhalers, and referral to smoking cessation resources, but no statistically significant changes in the other outcomes were observed. Most hospitals did improve in at least one outcome.
AHRQ-funded; HS024592; HS024554.
Citation: Kaiser SV, Jennings B, Rodean J .
Pathways for improving inpatient pediatric asthma care (PIPA): a multicenter, national study.
Pediatrics 2020 Jun;145(6):e20193026. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-3026..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Asthma, Respiratory Conditions, Inpatient Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Hospitalization, Care Management
Balmaks R, Whitfill TM, Ziemele B
Pediatric readiness in the emergency department and its association with patient outcomes in critical care: a prospective cohort study.
The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of pediatric acute care and pediatric readiness and to determine their association with patient outcomes using a patient registry. Studying all Latvian Emergency Departments and the national PICU, researchers’ findings showed that a higher weighted pediatric readiness score was associated significantly with lower length of stay in both the PICU and hospital and lower 6-month mortality. Pediatric readiness in the emergency department was associated with patient outcomes in this population of pediatric patients transferred to the national PICU.
AHRQ-funded; HS020286.
Citation: Balmaks R, Whitfill TM, Ziemele B .
Pediatric readiness in the emergency department and its association with patient outcomes in critical care: a prospective cohort study.
Pediatr Crit Care Med 2020 May;21(5):e213-e20. doi: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002255..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Critical Care, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Outcomes
Bowring MG, Massie AB, Chu NM
Projected 20- and 30-year outcomes for pediatric liver transplant recipients in the United States.
Researchers aimed to use national registry data and parametric models to project 20- and 30-year post-transplant outcomes for recently transplanted pediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients. Using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data, they found that projected long-term outcomes for recently transplanted pediatric LT recipients are excellent, reflective of substantial improvements in medical care, and informative for physician-patient education and decision making in the current era.
AHRQ-funded; HS023876.
Citation: Bowring MG, Massie AB, Chu NM .
Projected 20- and 30-year outcomes for pediatric liver transplant recipients in the United States.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020 Mar;70(3):356-63. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002592..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Transplantation, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Surgery, Registries, Evidence-Based Practice
Cai L, Wu Y, Cheskin LI
Effect of childhood obesity prevention programmes on blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This study, the first systematic, quantitative study of childhood obesity prevention programs on blood lipids in high-income countries found that most interventions (70 percent) showed similar significant or no effects on adiposity- and lipid outcomes; 15 percent of interventions improved both adiposity- and lipids outcomes; 55 percent had no significant effects on either. These programs had a significant desirable effect on LDL-C and HDL-C.
AHRQ-funded; 290200710061I
Citation: Cai L, Wu Y, Cheskin LI .
Effect of childhood obesity prevention programmes on blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Obes Rev. 2014 Dec;15(12):933-44. doi: 10.1111/obr.12227..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity, Prevention, Outcomes, Social Determinants of Health
Shah RK, Stey AM, Jantana KR
Identification of opportunities for quality improvement and outcome measurement in pediatric otolaryngology.
This study evaluated perioperative outcomes in pediatric otolaryngology through analysis of records residing in the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. It found that although the overall rate of major postoperative morbidity in pediatric otolaryngology is low, the following areas may be targeted for targeted quality-improvement interventions: tracheostomy, airway reconstruction, mastoidectomy, and abscess drainage.
AHRQ-funded; HS022932
Citation: Shah RK, Stey AM, Jantana KR .
Identification of opportunities for quality improvement and outcome measurement in pediatric otolaryngology.
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014 Nov;140(11):1019-26. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2014.2067..
Keywords: Surgery, Children/Adolescents, Quality Improvement, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Boyer DL, Nishisaki A
Evaluating patient outcomes in medical education research: mission impossible?*.
This editorial examines evaluation of the impact of pediatric supplemental crisis resource management (CRM) training among first- and second-year residents. The author suggests that increasing CRM training and using debriefing for skill retention may link this training to patient outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS022464
Citation: Boyer DL, Nishisaki A .
Evaluating patient outcomes in medical education research: mission impossible?*.
Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2014 May;15(4):382-4. doi: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000000116..
Keywords: Education: Continuing Medical Education, Outcomes, Children/Adolescents, Training
Schwenk H, Ramirez-Avila L, Sheu SH
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in pediatric patients: case report and literature review.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by JC virus. Fewer than 30 cases have been reported in HIV- and non-infected children. The researchers report the case of a 15-year-old girl with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and AIDS who presented with nystagmus, dysarthria and ataxia. They also include a literature review.
AHRQ-funded; HS019485.
Citation: Schwenk H, Ramirez-Avila L, Sheu SH .
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in pediatric patients: case report and literature review.
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014 Apr;33(4):e99-105. doi: 10.1097/inf.0000000000000237..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Children/Adolescents, Case Study, Outcomes
Li L, Vollmer WM, Butler MG
A comparison of confounding adjustment methods for assessment of asthma controller medication effectiveness.
Using three confounding adjustment procedures—covariate-adjusted regression, propensity score regression, and high-dimemsional propensity score regression—on a population of 24,680 children with asthma, researchers found that patients treated with leukotriene antagonists were no more likely than those treated with inhaled corticosteroids to experience adverse outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019669
Citation: Li L, Vollmer WM, Butler MG .
A comparison of confounding adjustment methods for assessment of asthma controller medication effectiveness.
Am J Epidemiol. 2014 Mar 1;179(5):648-59. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt323..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes, Children/Adolescents, Asthma, Medication