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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 3 of 3 Research Studies DisplayedBuxbaum JD, Chernew ME, Fendrick AM
Contributions of public health, pharmaceuticals, and other medical care to US life expectancy changes, 1990-2015.
This study examined the contributions of public health, pharmaceuticals, and other medical care to increases in US life expectancy by 3.3 years from 1990 to 2015. Vital statistics data and cause-deletion analysis was used to identify the conditions most responsible. They found that 12 conditions most responsible for changing life expectance explained 2.9 years of net improvement. Ischemic heart disease prevention was the largest positive contributor to life expectancy, with accidental poisoning or drug overdose the largest negative contributor. Life expectancy improvement was attributed to public health 45%, 35% to pharmaceuticals, 13% to other medical care, and -7% was attributable to other/unknown factors.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Buxbaum JD, Chernew ME, Fendrick AM .
Contributions of public health, pharmaceuticals, and other medical care to US life expectancy changes, 1990-2015.
Health Aff 2020 Sep;39(9):1546-56. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00284..
Keywords: Public Health, Medication, Mortality
Vyles D, Antoon JW, Norton A
Children with reported penicillin allergy: public health impact and safety of delabeling.
The objectives of this study were to: 1.) Review the relevant literature related to children with reported penicillin allergy 2.) Highlight the different ways in which children could be delabeled and 3.) Evaluate the public health impact that a penicillin allergy has for children. The investigators concluded that penicillin allergy was overdiagnosed, often incorrectly, and the label was frequently first applied during childhood.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Vyles D, Antoon JW, Norton A .
Children with reported penicillin allergy: public health impact and safety of delabeling.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020 Jun;124(6):558-65. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.03.012..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Medication, Medication: Safety, Patient Safety, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Public Health
Feldman AG, Hsu EK, Mack CL
The importance of prioritizing pre and posttransplant immunizations in an era of vaccine refusal and epidemic outbreaks.
This paper discusses the prevalence of vaccine-preventable outbreaks occurring both nationally and internationally. Rates of vaccine hesitancy and refusal have been increasing which leads to decreased herd immunity. This poses greater risk to immunosuppressed transplant recipients, and currently 1 in 6 pediatric solid organ transplant recipients are hospitalized with a vaccine-preventable infection in the first 5 years posttransplant. This often results in significant morbidity, mortality, and increased hospitalization costs. Surprisingly, many transplant recipients are not up-to-date on age appropriate immunizations at the time of transplant and thereafter. The authors feel that immunizations must be prioritized in both pre and posttransplant care. They call for more research to understand how to monitor immune response to vaccines in immunosuppressed patients and when to optimally immunize patients posttransplant. They also recommend reexamination of the administration of live vaccines posttransplant.
AHRQ-funded; HS026510.
Citation: Feldman AG, Hsu EK, Mack CL .
The importance of prioritizing pre and posttransplant immunizations in an era of vaccine refusal and epidemic outbreaks.
Transplantation 2020 Jan;104(1):33-38. doi: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002936..
Keywords: Vaccination, Medication, Emergency Preparedness, Public Health, Transplantation