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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 10 of 10 Research Studies DisplayedDecker SL, Zuvekas SH
AHRQ Author: Decker SL, Zuvekas SH
A nationally representative summary of 2020 changes in the use of health care in the United States.
The authors used Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data to summarize changes in all types of health care from 2018 to 2020. The results showed that outpatient and emergency department visits, as well as inpatient admissions each fell ~35% in April 2020; dental visits fell by over 80%, and mammograms 82%. By the end of 2020, specialist physician visits recovered, though primary care and dental visits remained 12% lower than in 2019. Psychiatric visits, however, rose slightly.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Decker SL, Zuvekas SH .
A nationally representative summary of 2020 changes in the use of health care in the United States.
J Ambul Care Manage 2024 Apr-Jun; 47(2):64-83. doi: 10.1097/jac.0000000000000488.
Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), COVID-19, Healthcare Delivery, Public Health
Bartsch SM, O'Shea KJ, John DC
The potential epidemiologic, clinical, and economic value of a universal coronavirus vaccine: a modelling study.
This paper’s objective was to develop a modelling study on the potential epidemiologic, clinical, and economic value of a universal coronavirus vaccine to be used in the U.S. The authors used a computational model representing the US population, the spread of SARS-CoV-2, and the various clinical and economic outcomes of COVID-19 such as hospitalizations, deaths, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost, productivity losses, direct medical costs, and total societal costs, to explore the impact of a universal vaccine under different circumstances. They developed and populated this model using data reported by the CDC as well as observational studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pan-coronavirus vaccine would be cost-saving as long as its vaccine efficacy is ≥10% and vaccination coverage is ≥10%. They estimated that every 1% increase in efficacy between 10% and 50% could avert an additional 395,000 infections and save $1.0 billion in total societal costs ($45.3 million in productivity losses, $1.1 billion in direct medical costs). Even when a strain-specific coronavirus virus becomes available it would remain cost-saving, as long as it takes at least 2-3 months to develop, test, and bring that more specific vaccine to the market.
AHRQ-funded; R01HS028165.
Citation: Bartsch SM, O'Shea KJ, John DC .
The potential epidemiologic, clinical, and economic value of a universal coronavirus vaccine: a modelling study.
EClinicalMedicine 2024 Feb; 68:102369. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102369..
Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination, Public Health
Atkinson MK, Biddinger PD, Chughtai MA
Assessing health care leadership and management for resilience and performance during crisis: the HERO-36.
The authors developed a Healthcare Emergency Response Optimization survey to examine health care organizations’ resilience and performance during crisis. The survey was administered to health care administrators and frontline staff involved in hospitals’ emergency response during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight measures emerged to assess crisis leadership and management; informal practices mattered most for resilience, while formal practices mattered for performance. The authors identified specific practices for resilience and performance. They concluded that organizations using these measures may modify their preparedness and planning approaches to improve management in future crises.
AHRQ-funded; HS028240.
Citation: Atkinson MK, Biddinger PD, Chughtai MA .
Assessing health care leadership and management for resilience and performance during crisis: the HERO-36.
Health Care Manage Rev 2024 Jan-Mar; 49(1):14-22. doi: 10.1097/hmr.0000000000000387..
Keywords: COVID-19, Public Health
Adams DR
Availability and accessibility of mental health services for youth: a descriptive survey of safety-net health centers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The goal of this study was to assess the availability of outpatient mental health services for children and adolescents at safety-net health centers in a large metropolitan county. A comprehensive sample of Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) received a 5-minute survey approximately one year after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The response indicated that 10% of health centers had closed and 20% reported that they were not offering outpatient mental health services. Reported wait times were longer at CMHCs than FQHCs. The author concluded that these findings suggested that online directories such as the SAMHSA Treatment Locator are often inaccurate or out-of-date.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Adams DR .
Availability and accessibility of mental health services for youth: a descriptive survey of safety-net health centers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Community Ment Health J 2024 Jan; 60(1):88-97. doi: 10.1007/s10597-023-01127-9..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Access to Care, COVID-19, Public Health
Klann JG, Buck MD, Brown J
Query Health: standards-based, cross-platform population health surveillance.
The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) Query Health Initiative is a collaboration to develop a national architecture for distributed, population-level health queries across diverse clinical systems with disparate data models. The authors review Query Health activities, including a standards-based methodology, an open-source reference implementation, and three pilot projects.
AHRQ-funded; HS019912.
Citation: Klann JG, Buck MD, Brown J .
Query Health: standards-based, cross-platform population health surveillance.
J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2014 Jul-Aug;21(4):650-6. doi: 10.1136/amiajnl-2014-002707..
Keywords: Public Health, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Dixon BE, Vreeman DJ, Grannis SJ
The long road to semantic interoperability in support of public health: experiences from two states.
This article illustrates the current state of semantic interoperability using a case example drawn from public health and discusses three policy strategies for strengthening interoperability. It also presents recommendations for improving the use of clinical data and information for public health, including disease surveillance, community assessment and measurement of care quality.
AHRQ-funded; HS020909
Citation: Dixon BE, Vreeman DJ, Grannis SJ .
The long road to semantic interoperability in support of public health: experiences from two states.
J Biomed Inform. 2014 Jun;49:3-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2014.03.011..
Keywords: Public Health, Data, Quality of Care
Khazeni N, Hutton DW, Collins CI
Health and economic benefits of early vaccination and nonpharmaceutical interventions for a human influenza A (H7N9) pandemic: a modeling study.
In order to determine how quickly vaccination should be completed to reduce infections, deaths, and health care costs in a severe influenza pandemic in a large metropolitan area, researchers used a dynamic transmission model. They found that vaccination in an influenza-A (H7N9) pandemic would need to be completed much faster than in the 2009 pandemic to substantially reduce morbidity, mortality, and health care costs.
AHRQ-funded; HS019816
Citation: Khazeni N, Hutton DW, Collins CI .
Health and economic benefits of early vaccination and nonpharmaceutical interventions for a human influenza A (H7N9) pandemic: a modeling study.
Ann Intern Med. 2014 May 20;160(10):684-94. doi: 10.7326/M13-2071..
Keywords: Vaccination, Influenza, Mortality, Healthcare Costs, Public Health
Greer SL, Lillvis DF
Beyond leadership: political strategies for coordination in health policies.
The objective of this article is to utilize the political science and public administration literatures to document the problems that serve as obstacles to intersectoral governance– and therefore, the implementation of a Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach–as well as solutions to overcome these obstacles.
AHRQ-funded; HS000053.
Citation: Greer SL, Lillvis DF .
Beyond leadership: political strategies for coordination in health policies.
Health Policy 2014 May;116(1):12-7. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2014.01.019..
Keywords: Policy, Public Health, Policy
Hsuan C, Rodriguez HP
The adoption and discontinuation of clinical services by local health departments.
The researchers identified factors associated with local health department (LHD) adoption and discontinuation of clinical services. They found that most LHDs are discontinuing clinical services over time. Those that cover a wide range of core public health functions are less likely to discontinue services when residents lack care access.
AHRQ-funded; AHRQ Predoctoral Traineeship.
Citation: Hsuan C, Rodriguez HP .
The adoption and discontinuation of clinical services by local health departments.
Am J Public Health 2014 Jan;104(1):124-33. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301426..
Keywords: Public Health, Access to Care, Health Services Research (HSR)
Leeman J, Teal R, Jernigan J
What evidence and support do state-level public health practitioners need to address obesity prevention.
This study describes interview and survey findings that detail how public health practitioners characterize the obesity prevention task, the types of evidence and support they find most helpful, and their needs for additional evidence and support. The researchers conducted 10 in-depth interviews with public health practitioners and project officers followed by an online survey completed by 62 practitioners.
AHRQ-funded; HS019468.
Citation: Leeman J, Teal R, Jernigan J .
What evidence and support do state-level public health practitioners need to address obesity prevention.
Am J Health Promot 2014 Jan-Feb;28(3):189-96. doi: 10.4278/ajhp.120518-QUAL-266..
Keywords: Obesity, Prevention, Public Health