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- Adverse Events (2)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 16 of 16 Research Studies DisplayedJump RLP, Gaur S, Katz MJ
Template for an antibiotic stewardship policy for post-acute and long-term care settings.
To support compliance with Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services (CMS) requirements and aid facilities in establishing a stewardship program, the Infection Advisory Committee at the American Medical Directors Association -The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine, has developed an antibiotic stewardship policy template tailored to the long-term care setting. This paper describes that policy template.
AHRQ-funded; HS022465; HS023779.
Citation: Jump RLP, Gaur S, Katz MJ .
Template for an antibiotic stewardship policy for post-acute and long-term care settings.
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017 Nov;18(11):913-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.07.018..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Policy, Prevention
Roghmann MC, Andronescu LR, Stucke EM
Clostridium difficile colonization of nursing home residents.
This letter to the editor notes that Clostridum difficile is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea in nursing homes and asserts that evidence-based infection control guidelines are needed to reduce transmission of C. difficile in these settings.
AHRQ-funded; HS019979.
Citation: Roghmann MC, Andronescu LR, Stucke EM .
Clostridium difficile colonization of nursing home residents.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017 Oct;38(10):1267-68. doi: 10.1017/ice.2017.172..
Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Nursing Homes
Barker AK, Zellmer C, Tischendorf J
On the hands of patients with Clostridium difficile: a study of spore prevalence and the effect of hand hygiene on C difficile removal.
This study assessed the prevalence of Clostridium difficile spores in 48 observations of infected inpatients after randomly assigning them to hand hygiene with either alcohol-based handrub or soap and water.
AHRQ-funded; HS023791.
Citation: Barker AK, Zellmer C, Tischendorf J .
On the hands of patients with Clostridium difficile: a study of spore prevalence and the effect of hand hygiene on C difficile removal.
Am J Infect Control 2017 Oct;45(10):1154-56. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.03.005..
Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Prevention
Ferrada P, Callcut R, Zielinski MD
Loop ileostomy versus total colectomy as surgical treatment for Clostridium difficile-associated disease: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter trial.
The objective of this study was to compare loop ileostomy (LI) and total colectomy (TC) procedures in a multicentric approach to help the surgeon decide what procedure was best suited for the patient in need. In this study, the investigators found that LI carried less mortality than TC.
AHRQ-funded; HS024547.
Citation: Ferrada P, Callcut R, Zielinski MD .
Loop ileostomy versus total colectomy as surgical treatment for Clostridium difficile-associated disease: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter trial.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017 Jul;83(1):36-40. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001498..
Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Comparative Effectiveness, Infectious Diseases, Surgery, Treatments
Cannon CM, Musuuza JS, Barker AK
Risk of Clostridium difficile infection in hematology-oncology patients colonized with toxigenic C. difficile.
This study determined that the prevalence of colonization with toxigenic Clostridium difficile among patients with hematological malignancies and/or bone marrow transplant at admission to a 566-bed academic medical care center was 9.3 percent. Thirteen percent of colonized patients developed symptomatic disease during hospitalization. This population may benefit from targeted C. difficile infection control interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS024039; HS023791.
Citation: Cannon CM, Musuuza JS, Barker AK .
Risk of Clostridium difficile infection in hematology-oncology patients colonized with toxigenic C. difficile.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017 Jun;38(6):718-20. doi: 10.1017/ice.2017.48.
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Keywords: Cancer, Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Risk
Seidelman J, Dicks KV, Durkin MJ
Using clinical scenarios to understand preventability of Clostridium difficile infections by inpatient antibiotic stewardship programs.
The authors of this research brief designed a 2-phase study (1) to define the types of clostridium difficile infections (CDI) that clinicians consider unlikely preventable by inpatient antibiotic stewardship programs and (2) to estimate the relative proportion of inpatient CDI cases at a tertiary-care hospital that belongs to this category of “nonpreventable” CDI.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Seidelman J, Dicks KV, Durkin MJ .
Using clinical scenarios to understand preventability of Clostridium difficile infections by inpatient antibiotic stewardship programs.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017 Jun;38(6):747-49. doi: 10.1017/ice.2017.32..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Inpatient Care
Anderson DJ, Rojas LF, Watson S
Identification of novel risk factors for community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection using spatial statistics and geographic information system analyses.
The rate of community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection (CA-CDI) is increasing. While receipt of antibiotics remains an important risk factor for CDI, studies related to acquisition of C. difficile outside of hospitals are lacking. This study found that proximity to a livestock farm (0.01), proximity to farming raw materials services (0.02), and proximity to a nursing home (0.04) were independently associated with increased rates of CA-CDI.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Anderson DJ, Rojas LF, Watson S .
Identification of novel risk factors for community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection using spatial statistics and geographic information system analyses.
PLoS One 2017 May 16;12(5):e0176285. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176285.
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Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Community-Acquired Infections, Risk, Patient Safety
Deshpande A, Cadnum JL, Fertelli D
Are hospital floors an underappreciated reservoir for transmission of health care-associated pathogens?
In a survey of 5 hospitals, the researchers found that floors in patient rooms were frequently contaminated with pathogens and high-touch objects such as blood pressure cuffs and call buttons were often in contact with the floor. Contact with objects on floors frequently resulted in transfer of pathogens to hands.
AHRQ-funded; HS020004.
Citation: Deshpande A, Cadnum JL, Fertelli D .
Are hospital floors an underappreciated reservoir for transmission of health care-associated pathogens?
Am J Infect Control 2017 Mar;45(3):336-38. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.11.005.
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Keywords: Hospitals, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Clostridium difficile Infections, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention, Patient Safety
Anderson DJ, Chen LF, Weber DJ
Enhanced terminal room disinfection and acquisition and infection caused by multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile (the Benefits of Enhanced Terminal Room Disinfection study): a cluster-randomised, multicentre, crossover study.
The researchers determined the effects of three enhanced strategies for terminal room disinfection (disinfection of a room between occupying patients) on acquisition and infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, C difficile, and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter. They found that the incidence of target organisms among exposed patients was significantly lower after adding UV (quaternary ammonium disinfectant and disinfecting ultraviolet [UV-C]) light to standard cleaning strategies.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Anderson DJ, Chen LF, Weber DJ .
Enhanced terminal room disinfection and acquisition and infection caused by multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile (the Benefits of Enhanced Terminal Room Disinfection study): a cluster-randomised, multicentre, crossover study.
Lancet 2017 Feb 25;389(10071):805-14. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31588-4.
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Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitals, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention, Patient Safety
Donnelly JP, Wang HE, Locke JE
Hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection among solid organ transplant recipients.
The researchers examined hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) from 2012 to 2014 among transplant recipients in the University HealthSystem Consortium, which includes academic medical center-affiliated hospitals in the United States. They found that factors associated with CDI among transplant recipients included transplant type, risk of mortality, comorbidities, and inpatient complications.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Donnelly JP, Wang HE, Locke JE .
Hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection among solid organ transplant recipients.
Am J Transplant 2015 Nov;15(11):2970-7. doi: 10.1111/ajt.13491.
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Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Transplantation, Adverse Events, Mortality
Polage CR, Gyorke CE, Kennedy MA
Overdiagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection in the molecular test era.
This study determined the natural history and need for treatment of patients who are toxin immunoassay negative and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive (Tox−/PCR+) for Clostridium difficile Infection ( CDI). They found that among hospitalized adults with suspected CDI, virtually all CDI-related complications and deaths occurred in patients with positive toxin immunoassay test results.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation: Polage CR, Gyorke CE, Kennedy MA .
Overdiagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection in the molecular test era.
JAMA Intern Med 2015 Nov;175(11):1792-801. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.4114..
Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Genetics
Slayton RB, Toth D, Lee BY
Vital signs: estimated effects of a coordinated approach for action to reduce antibiotic-resistant infections in health care facilities - United States.
The researchers analyzed data from CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network and Emerging Infections Program to project the number of health care-associated infections (HAIs) from antibiotic-resistant bacteria or C. difficile both with and without a large scale national intervention that would include interrupting transmission and improved antibiotic stewardship. They found that, with effective action now, more than half a million antibiotic-resistant HAIs could be prevented over 5 years and that a coordinated approach to interrupting transmission is more effective than historical independent facility-based efforts.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Slayton RB, Toth D, Lee BY .
Vital signs: estimated effects of a coordinated approach for action to reduce antibiotic-resistant infections in health care facilities - United States.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015 Aug 7;64(30):826-31.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Prevention
Safdar N, Perencevich E
Crossing the quality chasm for Clostridium difficile infection prevention.
The author comments on a new population-based cohort study (Daneman, et al.) in the same journal issue on the association of hospital prevention processes and patient risk factors with the risk of Clostridium difficile infection. She concludes that the findings of the study are important and should serve as a wake-up call for institutions to participate actively in assessing and evaluating implementation of and adherence to CDI prevention practices.
AHRQ-funded; HS023791.
Citation: Safdar N, Perencevich E .
Crossing the quality chasm for Clostridium difficile infection prevention.
BMJ Qual Saf 2015 Jul;24(7):409-11. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004344..
Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Risk, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Prevention
Pakyz AL, Patterson JA, Motzkus-Feagans C
Performance of the present-on-admission indicator for Clostridium difficile infection.
The researchers compared performance of a hospital- and community-onset Clostridium difficile infection definition using administrative data to a present on- admission indicator with definitions using clinical surveillance. For hospital-onset C. difficile infection, there was moderate sensitivity (68 percent) and high specificity (93 percent); for community-onset, sensitivity and specificity were high (both 85 percent).
AHRQ-funded; HS018578.
Citation: Pakyz AL, Patterson JA, Motzkus-Feagans C .
Performance of the present-on-admission indicator for Clostridium difficile infection.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015 Jul;36(7):838-40. doi: 10.1017/ice.2015.63..
Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Patient Safety, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Data
Abdelsattar ZM, Krapohl G, Alrahmani L
Postoperative burden of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection.
This study of 35,363 surgical patients found that 0.51 percent developed a clostridium difficile infection (CDI), with the highest rates occurring after lower-extremity amputation, bowel resection or repair, and gastric or esophageal operations. Post-operative CDI was also associated with higher rates of extended length of stay, emergency room presentations, and readmissions.
AHRQ-funded; HS000053
Citation: Abdelsattar ZM, Krapohl G, Alrahmani L .
Postoperative burden of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015 Jan;36(1):40-6. doi: 10.1017/ice.2014.8..
Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Patient Safety, Surgery, Hospitalization
Abdelsattar ZM, Krapohl G, Alrahmani L
Postoperative burden of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection.
The researchers studied clostridium dificile infection (CDI) across diverse surgical settings. They found that incidence of postoperative CDI varied by surgical procedure and was associated with higher rates of extended length of stay, emergency room presentations, and readmissions, placing a potentially preventable burden on hospital resources.
AHRQ-funded; HS000053.
Citation: Abdelsattar ZM, Krapohl G, Alrahmani L .
Postoperative burden of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015 Jan;36(1):40-6. doi: 10.1017/ice.2014.8.
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Keywords: Surgery, Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Adverse Events, Hospitals