National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (2)
- Adverse Events (5)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (1)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (1)
- Breast Feeding (1)
- Care Management (1)
- Case Study (1)
- Children/Adolescents (4)
- Comparative Effectiveness (2)
- Critical Care (1)
- Data (1)
- Diabetes (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (2)
- Guidelines (2)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (1)
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (3)
- Healthcare Delivery (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (1)
- Hospitalization (2)
- Infectious Diseases (1)
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (1)
- Labor and Delivery (2)
- Maternal Care (2)
- Medical Errors (1)
- Medication (6)
- Medication: Safety (1)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1)
- Mortality (2)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (4)
- (-) Newborns/Infants (27)
- Obesity (1)
- Obesity: Weight Management (1)
- Opioids (1)
- Outcomes (5)
- Pain (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (2)
- Patient Safety (3)
- Pregnancy (6)
- Prevention (2)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Research Methodologies (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (3)
- Risk (9)
- Screening (1)
- Substance Abuse (1)
- Surgery (1)
- Women (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 27 Research Studies DisplayedEricson JE, Popoola VO, Smith PB
Burden of invasive staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitalized infants.
This study compared demographics and mortality of inf ants with invasive methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA), to determine the annual proportion of S aureus infections that were MRSA. It found that infant mortality after invasive MRSA and MSSA infections was similar, but MSSA caused more infections and more deaths in infants than MRSA.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Ericson JE, Popoola VO, Smith PB .
Burden of invasive staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitalized infants.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 Dec;169(12):1105-11. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2380..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Mortality, Hospitalization, Risk
Rehder KJ, Giuliano JS, Jr., Napolitano N
Increased occurrence of tracheal intubation-associated events during nights and weekends in the PICU.
Little is known about how the incidence of tracheal intubation-associated events is affected by the time of day, day of the week, or presence of in-hospital attending-level intensivists. After analyzing 5,096 tracheal intubation courses from the prospective multicenter National Emergency Airway Registry for Children, the researchers found that a higher occurrence of tracheal intubation-associated events was observed during nights and weekends, due primarily to emergent intubations.
AHRQ-funded; HS022464; HS021583.
Citation: Rehder KJ, Giuliano JS, Jr., Napolitano N .
Increased occurrence of tracheal intubation-associated events during nights and weekends in the PICU.
Crit Care Med 2015 Dec;43(12):2668-74. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001313.
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Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Adverse Events, Patient Safety, Critical Care
Cristea AI, Ackerman VL, Swigonski NL
Physiologic findings in children previously ventilator dependent at home due to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the primary respiratory complication of premature birth. Little is known about spirometric indices in patients with severe BPD who were previously ventilator dependent at home. The study concluded that extreme prematurity associated with severe BPD requiring home ventilator support carries significant risks of morbidity. These patients had substantially diminished respiratory function reflecting airflow abnormalities that remained static over time.
AHRQ-funded; HS017588.
Citation: Cristea AI, Ackerman VL, Swigonski NL .
Physiologic findings in children previously ventilator dependent at home due to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Pediatr Pulmonol 2015 Nov;50(11):1113-8. doi: 10.1002/ppul.23129.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Newborns/Infants, Newborns/Infants, Respiratory Conditions
Yamada NK, Yaeger KA, Halamek LP
Analysis and classification of errors made by teams during neonatal resuscitation.
This study was performed to determine and characterize common deviations from The Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) algorithm during neonatal resuscitation. It concluded that errors of commission, especially when performing advanced life support interventions such as positive pressure ventilation, intubation, and chest compressions, are common during neonatal resuscitation and are sources of potential harm.
AHRQ-funded; HS012022.
Citation: Yamada NK, Yaeger KA, Halamek LP .
Analysis and classification of errors made by teams during neonatal resuscitation.
Resuscitation 2015 Nov;96:109-13. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.048.
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Keywords: Medical Errors, Newborns/Infants, Newborns/Infants, Guidelines
Chang AL, Hurwitz E, Miyamura J
Maternal risk factors and perinatal outcomes among pacific islander groups in Hawaii: a retrospective cohort study using statewide hospital data.
This study compared perinatal outcomes between Pacific Islander and White women who delivered a singleton liveborn in any Hawaii hospital from January 2010 to December 2011. Significant differences in perinatal outcomes between Pacific Islander and White women and newborns were noted. All Pacific Islander groups had an increased risk of hypertension. Native Hawaiians had the highest risk of low birthweight infants.
AHRQ-funded; HS021903.
Citation: Chang AL, Hurwitz E, Miyamura J .
Maternal risk factors and perinatal outcomes among pacific islander groups in Hawaii: a retrospective cohort study using statewide hospital data.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015 Oct 05;15:239. doi: 10.1186/s12884-015-0671-4.
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Keywords: Maternal Care, Risk, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Outcomes, Newborns/Infants
Hurst DM, Oster ME, Smith S
Is clinic visit frequency associated with weight gain during the interstage period? A report from the Joint Council on Congenital Heart Disease National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative (JCCHD-NPCQIC).
The researchers sought to determine whether frequency of outpatient clinic visits correlated with weight gain in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome or variant during the interstage period between discharge from stage I palliation and presentation for stage II palliation . There was no correlation between interstage visit frequency and change in weight-for-age z-score in this patient population.
AHRQ-funded; HS016957.
Citation: Hurst DM, Oster ME, Smith S .
Is clinic visit frequency associated with weight gain during the interstage period? A report from the Joint Council on Congenital Heart Disease National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative (JCCHD-NPCQIC).
Pediatr Cardiol 2015 Oct;36(7):1382-5. doi: 10.1007/s00246-015-1169-6.
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Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Obesity: Weight Management, Heart Disease and Health, Ambulatory Care and Surgery
Gephart SM, Martin LB, Kijewski A
Joseph's story: a case study of late-onset necrotizing enterocolitis from early birth to recovery.
This case study presents Joseph's story about a 24-week surviving twin who developed severe necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) at 5 months of age just days before he was to go home. Although NEC struck late and kept Joseph in the neonatal intensive care unit for 228 days, its consequences remain with this resilient child and his family.
AHRQ-funded; HS022908.
Citation: Gephart SM, Martin LB, Kijewski A .
Joseph's story: a case study of late-onset necrotizing enterocolitis from early birth to recovery.
J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2015 Oct-Dec;29(4):345-55. doi: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000137.
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Keywords: Case Study, Newborns/Infants, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Newborns/Infants, Outcomes
McNamara ER, Schaeffer AJ, Logvinenko T
Management of proximal hypospadias with 2-stage repair: 20-year experience.
The researchers describe their experience with 2-stage proximal hypospadias repair. They report outcomes, and patient and procedure characteristics associated with surgical complications. In their review of the largest cohort of patients undergoing this procedure at a single institution, they found that complications and, reoperation rates were approximately 50 percent in the setting of complex genital reconstruction.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: McNamara ER, Schaeffer AJ, Logvinenko T .
Management of proximal hypospadias with 2-stage repair: 20-year experience.
J Urol 2015 Oct;194(4):1080-5. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.04.105..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Outcomes, Surgery, Adverse Events
Milstone AM, Koontz DW, Voskertchian A
Treating parents to reduce NICU transmission of Staphylococcus aureus (TREAT PARENTS) trial: protocol of a multisite randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
This study looks to measure the effect of treating parents with short course intranasal mupirocin and topical chlorhexidine antisepsis on acquisition of S. aureus colonisation and infection in neonates. The primary outcome will be neonatal acquisition of an S. aureus strain that is concordant to the parental baseline S. aureus strain.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Milstone AM, Koontz DW, Voskertchian A .
Treating parents to reduce NICU transmission of Staphylococcus aureus (TREAT PARENTS) trial: protocol of a multisite randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
BMJ Open 2015 Sep 09;5(9):e009274. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009274.
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Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Newborns/Infants, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Prevention, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
Wickremasinghe AC, Risley RJ, Kuzniewicz MW
Risk of sensorineural hearing loss and bilirubin exchange transfusion thresholds.
The researchers sought to quantify the risk of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in newborns who had bilirubin levels at or above American Academy of Pediatrics exchange transfusion thresholds (ETT). They found that only bilirubin levels 10 mg/dL above ETT were associated with a statistically significant increased risk of SNHL.
AHRQ-funded; HS020618.
Citation: Wickremasinghe AC, Risley RJ, Kuzniewicz MW .
Risk of sensorineural hearing loss and bilirubin exchange transfusion thresholds.
Pediatrics 2015 Sep;136(3):505-12. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-3357..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Newborns/Infants, Risk
Weinberger DM, Warren JL, Steiner CA
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Reduced-dose schedule of prophylaxis based on local data provides near-optimal protection against respiratory syncytial virus.
The researchers considered whether a reduced- dose schedule tailored to the local RSV season in the continental United States would provide adequate protection. They found that a 4-dose schedule of prophylactic injections timed with local RSV epidemics could provide protection comparable to 5 doses and could be considered as a way to improve the cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Weinberger DM, Warren JL, Steiner CA .
Reduced-dose schedule of prophylaxis based on local data provides near-optimal protection against respiratory syncytial virus.
Clin Infect Dis 2015 Aug 15;61(4):506-14. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ331..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Newborns/Infants, Newborns/Infants, Medication
Thiel DB, Platt J, Platt T
Testing an online, dynamic consent portal for large population biobank research.
Michigan's BioTrust for Health contains over 4 million samples collected without written consent. Participant-centric initiatives are IT tools that hold great promise to address the consent challenges in biobank research. The authors created and pilot tested a dynamic informed consent simulation focusing on consent for research. Pilot testers raised concerns about the process of identity verification and appeared to have little experience with sharing health information online. The authors recommended applying online, dynamic approaches to address the consent challenges raised by biobanks with legacy sample collections.
AHRQ-funded; HS000053.
Citation: Thiel DB, Platt J, Platt T .
Testing an online, dynamic consent portal for large population biobank research.
Public Health Genomics 2015;18(1):26-39. doi: 10.1159/000366128.
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Keywords: Data, Newborns/Infants, Research Methodologies, Screening
Bateman BT, Huybrechts KF, Maeda A
Calcium channel blocker exposure in late pregnancy and the risk of neonatal seizures.
This study assessed whether maternal calcium channel blocker exposure during late pregnancy is independently associated with neonatal seizures after carefully controlling for confounding factors. It found no significant increase in the risk of neonatal seizures in neonates attributable to maternal calcium channel blocker exposure in late pregnancy.
AHRQ-funded; HS018533.
Citation: Bateman BT, Huybrechts KF, Maeda A .
Calcium channel blocker exposure in late pregnancy and the risk of neonatal seizures.
Obstet Gynecol 2015 Aug;126(2):271-8. doi: 10.1097/aog.0000000000000908..
Keywords: Pregnancy, Adverse Events, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Newborns/Infants
Ho T, Dukhovny D, Zupancic JA
Choosing Wisely in newborn medicine: five opportunities to increase value.
This report describes the identification of 5 tests and treatments in newborn medicine. The expert panel achieved consensus on the top 5 items. The first item was to avoid routine use of antireflux medications for treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease or for treatment of apnea and desaturation in preterm infants.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Ho T, Dukhovny D, Zupancic JA .
Choosing Wisely in newborn medicine: five opportunities to increase value.
Pediatrics 2015 Aug;136(2):e482-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-0737..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Prevention, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Guidelines
Basco WT, Ebeling M, Garner SS
Opioid prescribing and potential overdose errors among children 0 to 36 months old.
This study estimated the frequency of potential overdoses among outpatient opioid-containing prescriptions. It found that, overall, 2.7 percent of the prescriptions contained potential overdose quantities, and the average excess amount dispensed was 48% above expected. Younger ages were associated with higher frequencies of potential overdose.
AHRQ-funded; HS015679.
Citation: Basco WT, Ebeling M, Garner SS .
Opioid prescribing and potential overdose errors among children 0 to 36 months old.
Clin Pediatr 2015 Jul;54(8):738-44. doi: 10.1177/0009922815586050..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Children/Adolescents, Newborns/Infants, Medication, Medication: Safety, Newborns/Infants, Opioids, Patient Safety
Huybrechts KF, Bateman BT, Palmsten K
Antidepressant use late in pregnancy and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
This study examined the risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN) associated with exposure to different antidepressant medication classes late in pregnancy. Its findings suggest that the risk of PPHN associated with late pregnancy exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants—if present—is smaller than previous studies.
AHRQ-funded; HS018533.
Citation: Huybrechts KF, Bateman BT, Palmsten K .
Antidepressant use late in pregnancy and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
JAMA 2015 Jun 2;313(21):2142-51. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.5605..
Keywords: Medication, Newborns/Infants, Pregnancy, Risk
Hartley KA, Miller CS, Gephart SM
Facilitated tucking to reduce pain in neonates: evidence for best practice.
The researchers investigated the effect of facilitated tucking on pain behaviors in those who received the intervention compared with those who did not, and what alternative interventions for nonpharmacologic pain reduction are supported by strong research evidence? Their review demonstrated that facilitated tucking reduces the expression of pain in premature infants.
AHRQ-funded; HS022908.
Citation: Hartley KA, Miller CS, Gephart SM .
Facilitated tucking to reduce pain in neonates: evidence for best practice.
Adv Neonatal Care 2015 Jun;15(3):201-8. doi: 10.1097/anc.0000000000000193..
Keywords: Care Management, Evidence-Based Practice, Newborns/Infants, Pain
Francis DO, Krishnaswami S, Mcpheeters M
Treatment of ankyloglossia and breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review.
This systematic review of literature on surgical and nonsurgical treatments for infants with ankyloglossia, a condition restricting tongue mobility in infants, found that frenotomy may be associated with mother-reported improvements in breastfeeding, and potentially in nipple pain. Since the existing studies are small and short-term with inconsistent methodology, the strength of the evidence is low to insufficient.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200009I.
Citation: Francis DO, Krishnaswami S, Mcpheeters M .
Treatment of ankyloglossia and breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review.
Pediatrics 2015 Jun;135(6):e1458-66. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-0658..
Keywords: Breast Feeding, Outcomes, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Newborns/Infants
Desai RJ, Huybrechts KF, Hernandez-Diaz S
Exposure to prescription opioid analgesics in utero and risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome: population based cohort study.
The study’s objective was to provide risk estimates of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) based on prescription opioid duration and timing of use during pregnancy in the presence or absence of additional risk factors for NAS. It found that the risk of NAS is higher in women using long term prescription opioids when there is a history of drug or alcohol misuse and smoking.
AHRQ-funded; HS018533.
Citation: Desai RJ, Huybrechts KF, Hernandez-Diaz S .
Exposure to prescription opioid analgesics in utero and risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome: population based cohort study.
BMJ 2015 May 14;350:h2102. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h2102..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Substance Abuse, Pregnancy, Risk
Camelo Castillo W, Boggess K, Sturmer T
Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with glyburide vs insulin in women with gestational diabetes.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women receiving glyburide compared with insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a US population-based cohort. It found an association between glyburide (compared with insulin) and elevated risk of NICU admission, neonatal hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, birth injury, and large for gestational age in women with GDM.
AHRQ-funded; HS017950.
Citation: Camelo Castillo W, Boggess K, Sturmer T .
Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with glyburide vs insulin in women with gestational diabetes.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 May;169(5):452-8. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.74..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Comparative Effectiveness, Diabetes, Labor and Delivery, Maternal Care, Medication, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes, Pregnancy, Women
Bateman BT, Hernandez-Diaz S, Fischer MA
Statins and congenital malformations: cohort study.
The researchers undertook an epidemiologic study to assess the association between statin use in the first trimester and the risk of congenital malformations, using data derived from a large cohort of Medicaid beneficiaries. They found that women taking statins during the first trimester of pregnancy were at an increased risk of delivering an infant with malformations. The association was explained by underlying characteristics of users, mainly pre-existing diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS018533.
Citation: Bateman BT, Hernandez-Diaz S, Fischer MA .
Statins and congenital malformations: cohort study.
BMJ 2015 Mar 17;350:h1035. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h1035..
Keywords: Pregnancy, Medication, Risk, Newborns/Infants
Wu YW, Kuzniewicz MW, Wickremasinghe AC
Risk for cerebral palsy in infants with total serum bilirubin levels at or above the exchange transfusion threshold: a population-based study.
The researchers sought to quantify the risks for cerebral palsy (CP) and CP consistent with kernicterus that are associated with high with total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels based on the 2004 American Academy of Pediatrics exchange transfusion threshold (ETT) guidelines. They condcluded that CP consistent with kernicterus occurred only in infants with 2 or more risk factors for neurotoxicity and TSB levels of more than 5 mg/dL above the ETT.
AHRQ-funded; HS020618.
Citation: Wu YW, Kuzniewicz MW, Wickremasinghe AC .
Risk for cerebral palsy in infants with total serum bilirubin levels at or above the exchange transfusion threshold: a population-based study.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 Mar;169(3):239-46. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.3036.
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Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Risk, Children/Adolescents
Weinberger DM, Klugman KP, Steiner CA
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Association between respiratory syncytial virus activity and pneumococcal disease in infants: a time series analysis of US hospitalization data.
The researchers evaluated whether variations in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic timing and magnitude are associated with variations in pneumococcal disease epidemics and whether changes in pneumococcal disease following the introduction of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) were associated with changes in the rate of RSV hospitalizations. Their findings indicate that RSV is associated with increases in the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Weinberger DM, Klugman KP, Steiner CA .
Association between respiratory syncytial virus activity and pneumococcal disease in infants: a time series analysis of US hospitalization data.
PLoS Med 2015 Jan 6;12(1):e1001776. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001776..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Newborns/Infants, Respiratory Conditions, Hospitalization
Kastenberg ZJ, Lee HC, Profit J
Effect of deregionalized care on mortality in very low-birth-weight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.
The study’s aims were to describe the current trend toward deregionalization and to test the hypothesis that infants with necrotizing enterocolitis represent a particularly high-risk subgroup of the VLBW population that would benefit from early identification, increased intensity of early management, and possible targeted triage to tertiary hospitals. It found that outcomes for VLBW infants continue to be suboptimal when they are not born into high-level, high-volume centers.
AHRQ-funded; HS000028.
Citation: Kastenberg ZJ, Lee HC, Profit J .
Effect of deregionalized care on mortality in very low-birth-weight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 Jan;169(1):26-32. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.2085..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Labor and Delivery, Mortality, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Healthcare Delivery
Pitzer VE, Viboud C, Alonso WJ
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Environmental drivers of the spatiotemporal dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in the United States.
The authors examined the association between environmental variables and state-specific measures of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasonality. They found that states with low mean vapor pressure and the largest seasonal variation in potential evapotranspiration tended to experience biennial patterns of RSV activity, with alternating years of "early-big" and "late-small" epidemics. Their results successfully connected environmental drivers to the epidemic dynamics of RSV; however, the results do not fully explain why RSV activity begins in Florida, one of the warmest states, when RSV is a winter-seasonal pathogen.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Pitzer VE, Viboud C, Alonso WJ .
Environmental drivers of the spatiotemporal dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in the United States.
PLoS Pathog 2015 Jan;11(1):e1004591. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004591.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Newborns/Infants, Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Conditions