National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
101 to 125 of 135 Research Studies DisplayedDuffy ME, Henkel KE, Earnshaw VA
Transgender clients' experiences of eating disorder treatment.
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of transgender individuals with eating disorders (EDs) and their related ED treatments. An online questionnaire was administered to 84 transgender individuals with EDs who answered questions about their experiences with ED treatment. The study found 3 themes: 1) role of the body in treatment, 2) negative experiences with clinicians, and 3) recommendations for treatment centers and providers. Participants reported inadequacies in clinicians' gender competence, which contributed to beliefs that the ED treatment was ineffective and sometimes even harmful.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Duffy ME, Henkel KE, Earnshaw VA .
Transgender clients' experiences of eating disorder treatment.
J LGBT Issues Couns 2016;10(3):136-49. doi: 10.1080/15538605.2016.1177806..
Keywords: Vulnerable Populations, Behavioral Health, Patient Experience
Salloum A, Johnco C, Lewin AB
Barriers to access and participation in community mental health treatment for anxious children.
The authors examined common barriers to treatment access and participation among anxious children who participated in computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy. They found that the most common access barrier was parents not knowing where or from whom to seek services. They concluded that accessible, time-efficient, cost-effective service delivery methods that minimize stigma and maximize engagement when delivering evidence-based treatment for pediatric anxiety are needed.
AHRQ-funded; HS018665.
Citation: Salloum A, Johnco C, Lewin AB .
Barriers to access and participation in community mental health treatment for anxious children.
J Affect Disord 2016 May 15;196:54-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.026.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Anxiety, Children/Adolescents, Community-Based Practice, Behavioral Health
Fan T, Blitz J
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant women.
This case study involves a 40-year-old woman presenting for a routine antepartum visit. She is 20 weeks pregnant and smokes half a pack of cigarettes per day. She asks if your clinic offers services to help with tobacco smoking cessation and if she should try using e-cigarettes to stop smoking. The authors next pose three multiple choice questions and then give the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations and related background information.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Fan T, Blitz J .
Behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant women.
Am Fam Physician 2016 May 15;93(10):861-2.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Tobacco Use, Behavioral Health, Medication, Guidelines
Kahwati L, Viswanathan M, Golin CE
Identifying configurations of behavior change techniques in effective medication adherence interventions: a qualitative comparative analysis.
The researchers aimed to extend the results from an existing systematic review of interventions to improve medication adherence by using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to identify necessary or sufficient configurations of behavior change techniques among effective interventions. They were able to identify seven configurations of behavior change techniques sufficient for improving adherence, which together accounted for 26 (76 percent) of the effective studies.
AHRQ-funded; HS022563.
Citation: Kahwati L, Viswanathan M, Golin CE .
Identifying configurations of behavior change techniques in effective medication adherence interventions: a qualitative comparative analysis.
Syst Rev 2016 May 4;5:83. doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0255-z.
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Keywords: Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Research Methodologies, Comparative Effectiveness, Behavioral Health
Kahwati L, Jacobs S, Kane H
Using qualitative comparative analysis in a systematic review of a complex intervention.
The objective of this study was to describe in detail and examine the suitability of using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) within the context of a systematic review. It concluded that QCA was suitable for use within a systematic review of medication adherence interventions and offered insights beyond the single dimension stratifications used in the original completed review.
AHRQ-funded; HS022563.
Citation: Kahwati L, Jacobs S, Kane H .
Using qualitative comparative analysis in a systematic review of a complex intervention.
Syst Rev 2016 May 4;5:82. doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0256-y.
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Keywords: Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Research Methodologies, Comparative Effectiveness, Behavioral Health
Olin SC, O'Connor BC, Storfer-Isser A
Access to care for youth in a state mental health system: a simulated patient approach.
The researchers examined access to psychiatric care for adolescents with depression in outpatient specialty clinics within a state mental health system, using a simulated patient approach. They concluded that access to psychiatric care for youth with depression was variable in a state system. State-sponsored trainings on strategies to reduce wait times appear to improve care access.
AHRQ-funded; HS020503.
Citation: Olin SC, O'Connor BC, Storfer-Isser A .
Access to care for youth in a state mental health system: a simulated patient approach.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016 May;55(5):392-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.02.014.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Depression, Training
Gibbs EL, Kass AE, Eichen DM
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-specific stimulant misuse, mood, anxiety, and stress in college-age women at high risk for or with eating disorders.
The researchers examined the misuse of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-specific stimulants in a college population at high risk for or with clinical or subclinical eating disorders. They found that ADHD-specific stimulant misuse is associated with eating disorder and comorbid pathology among such individuals, recommending that screening for stimulant misuse and eating disorder pathology may improve identification of college-age women who may be engaging in maladaptive behaviors and inform prevention efforts.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Gibbs EL, Kass AE, Eichen DM .
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-specific stimulant misuse, mood, anxiety, and stress in college-age women at high risk for or with eating disorders.
J Am Coll Health 2016 May-Jun;64(4):300-8. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2016.1138477.
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Keywords: Education: Academic, Behavioral Health, Medication, Substance Abuse, Young Adults
Rhoten BA
Body image disturbance in adults treated for cancer - a concept analysis.
The author analyzed the concept of body image disturbance in adults who have been treated for cancer as a phenomenon of interest to nurses. Rhoten used Walker and Avant's 8-step method of concept analysis and concluded that a better understanding of body image disturbance in adults treated for cancer will assist nurses and other clinicians in identifying this phenomenon and will assist nurse scientists in developing instruments that accurately measure this condition, along with interventions that will promote a better quality of life for survivors.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Rhoten BA .
Body image disturbance in adults treated for cancer - a concept analysis.
J Adv Nurs 2016 May;72(5):1001-11. doi: 10.1111/jan.12892.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Cancer, Stress
Chavez LJ, Williams EC, Lapham GT
Changes in patient-reported alcohol-related advice following veterans health administration implementation of brief alcohol interventions.
The researchers examined whether an independent measure of brief interventions-patient-reported alcohol-related advice-also increased among VA outpatients who screened positive for alcohol misuse on a mailed survey. They found that among patients with alcohol misuse, the adjusted prevalence of alcohol-related advice increased from 40.4% in 2007 to 55.5% in 2011. Rates of alcohol-related advice increased significantly each year except the last.
AHRQ-funded; HS022800.
Citation: Chavez LJ, Williams EC, Lapham GT .
Changes in patient-reported alcohol-related advice following veterans health administration implementation of brief alcohol interventions.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2016 May;77(3):500-8.
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Keywords: Alcohol Use, Behavioral Health, Primary Care, Substance Abuse
Bickman L, Douglas SR, De Andrade AR
Implementing a measurement feedback system: a tale of two sites.
A randomized experiment was conducted in two outpatient clinics evaluating contextualized feedback systems. Only one of the two participating clinics had an enhanced outcome because of feedback. Clinicians' questionnaire completion rate and feedback viewing were 50 % higher at this clinic. The discussion focused on the differences in implementation at each site and how these differences may have contributed to the different outcomes of the experiment.
AHRQ-funded; HS018036.
Citation: Bickman L, Douglas SR, De Andrade AR .
Implementing a measurement feedback system: a tale of two sites.
Adm Policy Ment Health 2016 May;43(3):410-25. doi: 10.1007/s10488-015-0647-8.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Outcomes, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Patient-Centered Healthcare
La EM, Lich KH, Wells R
Increasing access to state psychiatric hospital beds: exploring supply-side solutions.
The objective of this study was to identify supply-side interventions to reduce state psychiatric hospital admission delays. The investigators suggest that without more robust community-based hospital and residential capacity, major increases in state psychiatric hospital inpatient capacity are necessary to ensure timely admission of people in crisis.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: La EM, Lich KH, Wells R .
Increasing access to state psychiatric hospital beds: exploring supply-side solutions.
Psychiatr Serv 2016 May;67(5):523-8. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201400570..
Keywords: Access to Care, Behavioral Health
Cook BL, Kim G, Morgan KL
Measuring geographic "hot spots" of racial/ethnic disparities: an application to mental health care.
The researchers identified geographic "hot spots" of racial/ethnic disparities in mental health care access. They identified these "hot spots": Richmond, Virginia, and Columbus, Georgia, for Black-White disparities; Fresno, California, and Dallas, Texas, for Latino-White disparities; and Riverside, California, and Houston, Texas, for Asian-White mental health care disparities. They discussed the potential and limitations of these methods as tools for understanding health care disparities in other contexts.
AHRQ-funded; HS021486.
Citation: Cook BL, Kim G, Morgan KL .
Measuring geographic "hot spots" of racial/ethnic disparities: an application to mental health care.
J Health Care Poor Underserved 2016;27(2):663-84. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2016.0091.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Taylor CB, Kass AE, Trockel M
Reducing eating disorder onset in a very high risk sample with significant comorbid depression: a randomized controlled trial.
The authors evaluated an online eating disorder (ED) intervention designed to reduce ED and comorbid pathology. They found that ED attitudes and behaviors improved more in the intervention group than in the control group. They concluded that an inexpensive, easily disseminated intervention might reduce ED onset among those at highest risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Taylor CB, Kass AE, Trockel M .
Reducing eating disorder onset in a very high risk sample with significant comorbid depression: a randomized controlled trial.
J Consult Clin Psychol 2016 May;84(5):402-14. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000077.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Depression, Prevention, Web-Based
Smith LR, Earnshaw VA, Copenhaver MM
Substance use stigma: reliability and validity of a theory-based scale for substance-using populations.
The researchers aimed to advance measurement efforts of substance use stigma by drawing on stigma theory to develop and evaluate the Substance Use Stigma Mechanisms Scale (SU-SMS). Their findings support the structural and construct validity of the SU-SMS, suggesting the scale was able to capture enacted, anticipated, and internalized stigma as distinct stigma experiences, also differentiating between two distinct stigma sources, family and healthcare providers. They concluded that the SU-SMS may serve as a valuable tool for better understanding the processes through which substance use stigma serves to undermine key health behaviors and outcomes among persons with substance use disorders.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Smith LR, Earnshaw VA, Copenhaver MM .
Substance use stigma: reliability and validity of a theory-based scale for substance-using populations.
Drug Alcohol Depend 2016 May 1;162:34-43. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.019.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Social Stigma, Substance Abuse
Kenzik K, Pisu M, Fouad MN
Are long-term cancer survivors and physicians discussing health promotion and healthy behaviors?
This study aimed to (1) describe the proportion of survivors reporting that a physician discussed strategies to improve health and (2) identify which groups are more likely to report these discussions. It concluded that the frequency of health promotion discussions varied across survivor characteristics. Discussions were more frequently reported by some groups, e.g., survivors with diabetes, or among individuals less likely to engage in healthy behaviors.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Kenzik K, Pisu M, Fouad MN .
Are long-term cancer survivors and physicians discussing health promotion and healthy behaviors?
J Cancer Surviv 2016 Apr;10(2):271-9. doi: 10.1007/s11764-015-0473-8.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Cancer, Health Promotion, Patient and Family Engagement, Practice Patterns
Lin LY, Sidani JE, Shensa A
Association between social media use and depression among U.S. young adults.
The authors assessed the association between social media use and depression in a nationally representative sample of young adults. They found that participants in the highest quartile of total time per day using social media had significantly increased odds of depression. They conluded that social media use was significantly associated with increased depression.
AHRQ-funded; HS022989.
Citation: Lin LY, Sidani JE, Shensa A .
Association between social media use and depression among U.S. young adults.
Depress Anxiety 2016 Apr;33(4):323-31. doi: 10.1002/da.22466.
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Keywords: Social Media, Depression, Young Adults, Behavioral Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Singh G, Zhang W, Kuo YF
Association of psychological disorders with 30-day readmission rates in patients with COPD.
Using a 5 percent sample of Medicare beneficiaries, the researchers examined the association of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, psychosis, alcohol abuse and drug abuse with early readmission for patients with COPD. They found that psychological disorders like depression, anxiety, psychosis, alcohol abuse and drug abuse are independently associated with higher all-cause 30-day readmission rates for Medicare beneficiaries with COPD.
AHRQ-funded; HS020642; HS022134.
Citation: Singh G, Zhang W, Kuo YF .
Association of psychological disorders with 30-day readmission rates in patients with COPD.
Chest 2016 Apr;149(4):905-15. doi: 10.1378/chest.15-0449..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Hospital Readmissions, Medicare, Respiratory Conditions
Blanco C, Hasin DS, Wall MM
Cannabis use and risk of psychiatric disorders: prospective evidence from a US national longitudinal study.
The researchers examined prospective associations between cannabis use and risk of mental health and substance use disorders in the general adult population. Within the general population, cannabis use is associated with an increased risk for several substance use disorders. Physicians and policy makers should take these associations of cannabis use under careful consideration.
AHRQ-funded; HS021112.
Citation: Blanco C, Hasin DS, Wall MM .
Cannabis use and risk of psychiatric disorders: prospective evidence from a US national longitudinal study.
JAMA Psychiatry 2016 Apr;73(4):388-95. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.3229.
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Keywords: Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Risk, Adverse Drug Events (ADE)
Kinasz K, Accurso EC, Kass AE
Does sex matter in the clinical presentation of eating disorders in youth?
The authors compared demographic and clinical characteristics of child and adolescent males and females who presented for eating disorder treatment. They found that males presented at a significantly younger age and were more likely to be nonwhite, while females showed more severe pathology across the Eating Disorder Examination subscales. They suggested further exploration into why the sexes present differently.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Kinasz K, Accurso EC, Kass AE .
Does sex matter in the clinical presentation of eating disorders in youth?
J Adolesc Health 2016 Apr;58(4):410-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.11.005.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Nutrition, Sex Factors
Rocque GB, Taylor RA, Acemgil A
Guiding lay navigation in geriatric patients with cancer using a distress assessment tool.
This study assessed the feasibility and impact of using distress assessments to frame lay navigator interactions with geriatric patients with cancer who were enrolled in navigation between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014. It concluded that lay navigators were able to routinely screen for patient distress at a high degree of penetration using a structured distress assessment.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Rocque GB, Taylor RA, Acemgil A .
Guiding lay navigation in geriatric patients with cancer using a distress assessment tool.
J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2016 Apr;14(4):407-14.
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Keywords: Elderly, Cancer, Tools & Toolkits, Stress, Behavioral Health
Watkins KE, Smith B, Akincigil A
The quality of medication treatment for mental disorders in the department of Veterans Affairs and in private-sector plans.
The objective of this paper was to compare the quality of mental health care provided by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) with care provided to a comparable population treated in the private sector. The researchers found that VA performance was superior to that of the private sector by more than 30%. They concluded that their findings demonstrate the significant advantages that accrue from an organized, nationwide system of care and suggested that the much higher performance of the VA has important clinical and policy implications.
AHRQ-funded; HS003258; HS021112.
Citation: Watkins KE, Smith B, Akincigil A .
The quality of medication treatment for mental disorders in the department of Veterans Affairs and in private-sector plans.
Psychiatr Serv 2016 Apr;67(4):391-6. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201400537.
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Keywords: Quality of Care, Health Insurance, Medication, Behavioral Health
O'Connor BC, Lewandowski RE, Rodriguez S
Usual care for adolescent depression from symptom identification through treatment initiation.
The researchers sought to determine rates of appropriate follow-up care for adolescents with newly identified depression symptoms in 3 large health systems. They concluded that most adolescents with newly identified depression symptoms received some treatment, usually including psychotherapy, within the first 3 months after identification. However, follow-up care was low and substantial variation existed between sites.
AHRQ-funded; HS020503.
Citation: O'Connor BC, Lewandowski RE, Rodriguez S .
Usual care for adolescent depression from symptom identification through treatment initiation.
JAMA Pediatr 2016 Apr;170(4):373-80. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4158.
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Keywords: Medication, Children/Adolescents, Depression, Behavioral Health
Gartlehner G, Gaynes BN, Amick HR
Comparative benefits and harms of antidepressant, psychological, complementary, and exercise treatments for major depression: An evidence report for a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.
This evidence report compared the benefits and harms of second-generation antidepressants and psychological, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and exercise treatments as first- and second-step interventions for adults with acute major depressive disorder (MDD). It concluded tht, given their similar efficacy, cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressants are both viable choices for initial treatment of MDD.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Gartlehner G, Gaynes BN, Amick HR .
Comparative benefits and harms of antidepressant, psychological, complementary, and exercise treatments for major depression: An evidence report for a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Mar 1;164(5):331-41. doi: 10.7326/m15-1813.
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Keywords: Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Depression, Behavioral Health
Domino ME, Jackson C, Beadles CA
Do primary care medical homes facilitate care transitions after psychiatric discharge for patients with multiple chronic conditions?
The purpose of this manuscript is to assess outpatient follow-up rates with primary care and mental health providers following psychiatric discharge by medical home enrollment and medical complexity. Hospitalized persons with multiple chronic conditions including serious mental illness enrolled in a medical home were more likely to receive timely outpatient follow-up with a primary care provider but not with a mental health specialist.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032; HS019659.
Citation: Domino ME, Jackson C, Beadles CA .
Do primary care medical homes facilitate care transitions after psychiatric discharge for patients with multiple chronic conditions?
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2016 Mar-Apr;39:59-65. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.11.002.
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Keywords: Primary Care, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Behavioral Health, Hospitalization, Chronic Conditions
Fiechtner L, Kleinman K, Melly SJ
Effects of proximity to supermarkets on a randomized trial studying interventions for obesity.
To determine whether proximity to a supermarket modified the effects of an obesity intervention, the researchers examined distance to the closest supermarket as an effect modifier.They concluded that living closer to a supermarket is associated with greater improvements in fruit and vegetable intake and weight status in an obesity intervention.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Fiechtner L, Kleinman K, Melly SJ .
Effects of proximity to supermarkets on a randomized trial studying interventions for obesity.
Am J Public Health 2016 Mar;106(3):557-62. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302986.
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Keywords: Obesity, Nutrition, Lifestyle Changes, Social Determinants of Health, Behavioral Health