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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Alcohol Use (3)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (1)
- Behavioral Health (2)
- Caregiving (1)
- Case Study (2)
- (-) Children/Adolescents (14)
- Chronic Conditions (2)
- Evidence-Based Practice (2)
- Family Health and History (1)
- Guidelines (2)
- Healthcare Utilization (1)
- Medicaid (1)
- Newborns/Infants (1)
- Policy (1)
- Practice Patterns (1)
- Prevention (3)
- Primary Care (4)
- Screening (2)
- Social Stigma (1)
- Stress (1)
- (-) Substance Abuse (14)
- Tobacco Use (2)
- Tobacco Use: Smoking Cessation (2)
- Treatments (1)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (3)
- Vulnerable Populations (4)
- Young Adults (4)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 14 of 14 Research Studies DisplayedDir AL, Clifton RL
Patterns of drug screen results and court-ordered substance use treatment referrals and completion among justice-involved youth
This study examined court records of drug screens among youth to explore patterns of substance use as well as rates of court-ordered referral to substance use treatment and treatment completion. Of the studied youth with a positive oral drug screen, 96% tested positive for cannabis and 9.8% for opioids at least once; 48.5% were court-ordered to substance use treatment. Of those referred, 67% had history of completing at least one treatment episode. These results underscore the need to utilize objective measures as well as validated self-reports of substance use history in both research and justice system decision-making to aid in identifying youth in need of services.
AHRQ-funded; HS022681; HS023318.
Citation: Dir AL, Clifton RL .
Patterns of drug screen results and court-ordered substance use treatment referrals and completion among justice-involved youth
J Subst Abuse Treat 2020 Nov;118:108095. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108095..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Substance Abuse, Screening, Vulnerable Populations
Mills J, Wonoprabowo L
AHRQ Author: Mills J
Primary care-based interventions to prevent illicit drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults.
This case study concerns a 14-year-old patient who presents for a well-child visit. The patient eats a healthy diet, is part of a local soccer league, is an overall good student, and just started high school in the fall. The patient denies trying any illicit substances but reports trying to “get high” from cough syrup. Three questions are presented, and answers provided.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mills J, Wonoprabowo L .
Primary care-based interventions to prevent illicit drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults.
Am Fam Physician 2020 Oct 15;102(8):493-94..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Substance Abuse, Primary Care, Prevention, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Case Study, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice
Steele DW, Becker SJ, Danko KJ
Brief behavioral interventions for substance use in adolescents: a meta-analysis.
Adolescents with problematic substance use (SU) are at risk for far-reaching adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to synthesize the evidence regarding the effects of brief behavioral interventions for adolescents (12-20 years) with problematic SU. The investigators concluded that the use of a behavioral intervention called motivational interviewing reduced heavy alcohol use, alcohol use days, and SU-related problems in adolescents but did not reduce cannabis use days.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500002I.
Citation: Steele DW, Becker SJ, Danko KJ .
Brief behavioral interventions for substance use in adolescents: a meta-analysis.
Pediatrics 2020 Oct;146(4):e2020351. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-0351..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Substance Abuse, Alcohol Use, Treatments
Fan T, Smith HJ
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Primary care interventions for prevention and cessation of tobacco use in children and adolescents.
In this case study, three questions are posed concerning a 13-year-old girl presenting for a routine well-child visit who reports that she has never used tobacco products in any form.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Fan T, Smith HJ .
Primary care interventions for prevention and cessation of tobacco use in children and adolescents.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Case Study, Children/Adolescents, Tobacco Use: Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use, Primary Care, Prevention, Substance Abuse
Wisk LE, Magane KM, Levy S
Alcohol use behaviors and reasons to abstain from or limit drinking among medically vulnerable youth.
Youth with chronic medical conditions (YCMC) use alcohol at levels similar to their healthy peers but face elevated risk for adverse health consequences. As salient reasons to abstain from or limit drinking (RALD) among YCMC are unknown, the investigators sought to identify clusters of RALD and test associations with use behaviors. The investigators concluded that for YCMC, RALD were complex but endorsement of multiple general and health-related RALD was associated with less use, and health concerns are especially prevalent.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Wisk LE, Magane KM, Levy S .
Alcohol use behaviors and reasons to abstain from or limit drinking among medically vulnerable youth.
J Addict Med 2020 Jul/Aug;14(4):311-18. doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000603..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Alcohol Use, Behavioral Health, Vulnerable Populations, Substance Abuse
Friedman AS, Xu S
Associations of flavored e-cigarette uptake with subsequent smoking initiation and cessation.
Researchers evaluated whether new uptake of flavored e-cigarettes is more strongly associated with subsequent smoking initiation and cessation than uptake of unflavored e-cigarettes for youths, emerging adults, and prime-age adults. The cohort study conducted secondary data analyses of survey data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. The researchers found that vaping uptake was positively associated with smoking initiation in youth and in emerging adults, while vaping uptake was associated with cessation in adults. Additionally, vaping nontobacco flavors was no more associated with youth smoking initiation than vaping tobacco-flavors but was associated with increased adult smoking cessation. They recommended more research to establish the relationship between e-cigarette flavors and smoking and to guide related policy.
AHRQ-funded; HS017589.
Citation: Friedman AS, Xu S .
Associations of flavored e-cigarette uptake with subsequent smoking initiation and cessation.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Jun;3(6):e203826. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3826..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Tobacco Use: Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use, Substance Abuse
Taylor WM, Lu Y, Wang S
Long-term healthcare utilization by Medicaid enrolled children with neonatal abstinence syndrome.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate healthcare utilization in Medicaid enrolled children with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in the first 2 years of life. The investigators concluded that a diagnosis of NAS did not appear to be an independent predictor of increased healthcare utilization in the first 2 years of life. They indicated that their results differed from some other published studies.
AHRQ-funded; HS022941.
Citation: Taylor WM, Lu Y, Wang S .
Long-term healthcare utilization by Medicaid enrolled children with neonatal abstinence syndrome.
J Pediatr 2020 Jun;221:55-63.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.02.077..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Utilization, Medicaid, Newborns/Infants, Substance Abuse
O'Connor E, Thomas R, Senger CA
Interventions to prevent illicit and nonmedical drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The authors reviewed the benefits and harms of interventions to prevent illicit and nonmedical drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. They found that the evidence for behavioral counseling interventions to prevent initiation of illicit and nonmedical drug use among adolescents and young adults was inconsistent and imprecise, with some interventions associated with reduction in use and others associated with no benefit or increased use. Health, social, and legal outcomes were sparsely reported, and few showed improvements.
AHRQ-funded; 2902015000017I.
Citation: O'Connor E, Thomas R, Senger CA .
Interventions to prevent illicit and nonmedical drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2020 May 26;323(20):2067-79. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1432..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Substance Abuse, Primary Care, Prevention, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice
Kuhns LM, Carlino B, Greeley K
A chart review of substance use screening and related documentation among adolescents in outpatient pediatric clinics: implications for practice.
This study looked at rates of substance use screening and related documentation among adolescents aged 12-17 in outpatient pediatric clinics in a large academic medical center. The authors abstracted a random sample of 127 records and coded clinical notes to describe screening cases and related characteristics. They then analyzed descriptive patterns within the data to calculate screening rates, characteristics of screening, and identify related factors. Rates of screening by providers was 72% for each common substance and a total of 6% of patients reported substance use during screening.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Kuhns LM, Carlino B, Greeley K .
A chart review of substance use screening and related documentation among adolescents in outpatient pediatric clinics: implications for practice.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2020 May 25;15(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s13011-020-00276-4..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Substance Abuse, Screening, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Alcohol Use, Practice Patterns, Primary Care
Voisin DR, Kim DH, Bassett SM
Pathways linking family stress to youth delinquency and substance use: exploring the mediating roles of self-efficacy and future orientation.
African American adolescents in poorer neighborhoods experience significant sanctions related to drug use and delinquency. In this study, the investigators examined whether high self-esteem and positive future orientation mediated parental stress and youth substance use and delinquency. The investigators concluded that major findings indicated that self-esteem mediated the relationship between family stress and both drug use and delinquency.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Voisin DR, Kim DH, Bassett SM .
Pathways linking family stress to youth delinquency and substance use: exploring the mediating roles of self-efficacy and future orientation.
J Health Psychol 2020 Feb;25(2):139-51. doi: 10.1177/1359105318763992..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Family Health and History, Stress, Substance Abuse
Earnshaw VA, Bogart LM, Menino D
Disclosure, stigma, and social support among young people receiving treatment for substance use disorders and their caregivers: a qualitative analysis.
The purpose of this study was to investigate relational processes experienced by youth with substance use disorders (SUDs) and their caregivers that may act as barriers to, or facilitators of, recovery. Single-session qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted by clinicians from a SUDs program. There was variability in disclosure experiences. Addressing relational processes within treatment by encouraging patients and caregivers to share the disclosure decision-making process may support the recovery of youth with SUDs.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Earnshaw VA, Bogart LM, Menino D .
Disclosure, stigma, and social support among young people receiving treatment for substance use disorders and their caregivers: a qualitative analysis.
Int J Ment Health Addict 2019 Dec;17(6):1535-49. doi: 10.1007/s11469-018-9930-8..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Caregiving, Substance Abuse, Social Stigma
Wisk LE, Levy S, Weitzman ER
Parental views on state cannabis laws and marijuana use for their medically vulnerable children.
Given a rapidly changing policy landscape, the investigators sought to characterize the effects of state marijuana laws on parents' views of marijuana use by their teenage children. The investigators found that among parents of medically vulnerable children, perceiving state marijuana policies as more permissive was strongly associated with lower perceived riskiness of marijuana use for their children.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Wisk LE, Levy S, Weitzman ER .
Parental views on state cannabis laws and marijuana use for their medically vulnerable children.
Drug Alcohol Depend 2019 Jun 1;199:59-67. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.12.027..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Policy, Vulnerable Populations, Chronic Conditions, Substance Abuse
Banks DE, Hershberger AR, Pemberton T
Poly-use of cannabis and other substances among juvenile-justice involved youth: variations in psychological and substance-related problems by typology.
Juvenile offenders engage in both cannabis use and polysubstance use at higher rates than the general adolescent population. Yet, limited research has examined the relationship between cannabis poly-use (e.g., cannabis and alcohol use) and functional or psychological problems among juvenile offenders. The current study addresses this gap by examining the association of polysubstance use of cannabis compared to cannabis only use with cognitive functioning, psychological distress, and substance-related problems among juvenile detainees.
AHRQ-funded; HS024296.
Citation: Banks DE, Hershberger AR, Pemberton T .
Poly-use of cannabis and other substances among juvenile-justice involved youth: variations in psychological and substance-related problems by typology.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2019;45(3):313-22. doi: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1558450..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Substance Abuse, Vulnerable Populations
Wisk LE, Weitzman ER
Substance use patterns through early adulthood: results for youth with and without chronic conditions.
As there have been no nationally representative studies of substance use during this period for these medically vulnerable youth, the authors examined onset and intensification of these behaviors for a national sample of youth with and without chronic conditions. Youth with chronic medical conditions (YCMC) were more likely to engage in any and heavier substance use; transition years and early adulthood were periods of peak risk for YCMC compared with their healthy peers.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Wisk LE, Weitzman ER .
Substance use patterns through early adulthood: results for youth with and without chronic conditions.
Am J Prev Med 2016 Jul;51(1):33-45. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.01.029.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Children/Adolescents, Chronic Conditions, Substance Abuse, Young Adults