National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
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Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
- Diabetes (1)
- (-) Disparities (10)
- Elderly (2)
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) (1)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (1)
- Health Status (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (1)
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- Mortality (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (1)
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- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (5)
- (-) Social Determinants of Health (10)
- Surgery (1)
- Vulnerable Populations (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 10 of 10 Research Studies DisplayedSohn MW, Kang H, Park JS
Disparities in recommended preventive care usage among persons living with diabetes in the Appalachian region.
This study examined disparities in the receipt of preventive care recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) between Appalachian and non-Appalachian counties and within Appalachian counties. It concluded that there are significant disparities in the uptake of many recommended preventive services between less and more affluent counties in the Appalachian region.
AHRQ-funded; HS018542.
Citation: Sohn MW, Kang H, Park JS .
Disparities in recommended preventive care usage among persons living with diabetes in the Appalachian region.
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2016 Dec;4(1):e000284. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000284.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Disparities, Prevention, Chronic Conditions, Social Determinants of Health
Rice LJ, Hughes B, Briggs V
Perceived efficacy and control for neighborhood change: the cross-cutting role of collective efficacy.
The authors characterized perceived neighborhood control and efficacy for neighborhood change and evaluated independent associations between efficacy and control beliefs and sociodemographic factors, community involvement, and perceptions of social environment. They concluded that efforts are needed to improve residents' ability to become positive agents of change in their community, and that creating a research infrastructure within academic community partnerships that focus on strengthening advocacy and public policy may improve resident's efficacy and ability to seek and encourage neighborhood change.
AHRQ-funded; HS019339.
Citation: Rice LJ, Hughes B, Briggs V .
Perceived efficacy and control for neighborhood change: the cross-cutting role of collective efficacy.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2016 Dec;3(4):667-75. doi: 10.1007/s40615-015-0185-9.
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Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Fiscella K, Sanders MR
Racial and ethnic disparities in the quality of health care.
The annual National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports document widespread and persistent racial and ethnic disparities. Recent data suggest slow progress in many areas but have documented a few notable successes in eliminating these disparities. To eliminate these disparities, continued progress will require a collective national will to ensure health care equity through expanded health insurance coverage, support for primary care, and public accountability.
AHRQ-funded; HS022440.
Citation: Fiscella K, Sanders MR .
Racial and ethnic disparities in the quality of health care.
Annu Rev Public Health 2016;37:375-94. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021439.
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Keywords: Disparities, Quality of Care, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Arora A, Spatz E, Herrin J
Population well-being measures help explain geographic disparities in life expectancy at the county level.
This study investigated whether population well-being - a comprehensive measure of physical, mental, and social health - helps explain geographic variation in life expectancy. At the county level, it found that for every 1-standard-deviation (4.2-point) increase in the well-being score, life expectancy was 1.9 years higher for females and 2.6 years higher for males.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Arora A, Spatz E, Herrin J .
Population well-being measures help explain geographic disparities in life expectancy at the county level.
Health Aff 2016 Nov 01;35(11):2075-82. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0715.
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Keywords: Disparities, Health Status, Low-Income, Social Determinants of Health
Harrison KL, Adrion ER, Ritchie CS
Low completion and disparities in advance care planning activities among older Medicare beneficiaries.
The researchers investigated the strength and magnitude of the relationship between sociodemographic and health characteristics of older adults and engagement in advance care planning (ACP)using logistic regression analysis and predicted probabilities. Their findings suggest that, in 2012, more than a quarter of older Medicare beneficiaries had not engaged in ACP. Those who were Latino, African American, poorly educated, or low income were at highest risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS000053.
Citation: Harrison KL, Adrion ER, Ritchie CS .
Low completion and disparities in advance care planning activities among older Medicare beneficiaries.
JAMA Intern Med 2016 Oct 31;176(12):1872-75. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.6751.
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Keywords: Elderly, Medicare, Disparities, Social Determinants of Health
Sharifi M, Sequist TD, Rifas-Shiman SL
The role of neighborhood characteristics and the built environment in understanding racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity.
The authors sought to examine the extent to which racial/ethnic disparities in elevated child body mass index (BMI) are explained by neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and the built environment. They concluded that SES and the built environment may be important drivers of childhood obesity disparities and that interventions must be tailored to the neighborhood contexts in which families live.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Sharifi M, Sequist TD, Rifas-Shiman SL .
The role of neighborhood characteristics and the built environment in understanding racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity.
Prev Med 2016 Oct;91:103-09. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.07.009.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Disparities, Obesity, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Goodman SM, Mandl LA, Parks ML
Disparities in TKA outcomes: census tract data show interactions between race and poverty.
Race is an important predictor of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes in the United States; however, analyses of race can be confounded by socioeconomic factors, which can result in difficulty determining the root cause of disparate outcomes after TKA. This study found that blacks and whites living in communities with little poverty have similar patient-reported TKA outcomes, whereas in communities with high levels of poverty, there are important racial disparities.
AHRQ-funded; HS016075.
Citation: Goodman SM, Mandl LA, Parks ML .
Disparities in TKA outcomes: census tract data show interactions between race and poverty.
Clin Orthop Relat Res 2016 Sep;474(9):1986-95. doi: 10.1007/s11999-016-4919-8.
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Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Surgery
Ancker JS, Hafeez B, Kaushal R
Socioeconomic disparities in adoption of personal health records over time.
The authors sought to track personal health record (PHR) adoption and differences by sociodemographic group over time. Using data from the Empire State Poll, they found that during a 4-year period in which federal policies incentivized medical organizations to give medical record access to patients through PHRs and electronic portals, rates of PHR use increased rapidly in all sociodemographic groups, but with a digital divide remaining, linked to Hispanic ethnicity and lower income.
AHRQ-funded; HS021531.
Citation: Ancker JS, Hafeez B, Kaushal R .
Socioeconomic disparities in adoption of personal health records over time.
Am J Manag Care 2016 Aug;22(8):539-40.
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Keywords: Disparities, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Spatz ES, Beckman AL, Wang Y
Geographic variation in trends and disparities in acute myocardial infarction hospitalization and mortality by income levels, 1999-2013.
The researchers sought to determine whether trends in US county-level, risk-standardized acute myocardial infarction (AMI) hospitalization and mortality rates varied by county-based median income level. They concluded that hospitalization and mortality rates of AMI declined among counties of all income levels, although hospitalization rates among low-income counties lag behind those of the higher income groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Spatz ES, Beckman AL, Wang Y .
Geographic variation in trends and disparities in acute myocardial infarction hospitalization and mortality by income levels, 1999-2013.
JAMA Cardiol 2016 Jun 1;1(3):255-65. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.0382.
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Keywords: Disparities, Hospitalization, Heart Disease and Health, Mortality, Social Determinants of Health
Qato DM, Trivedi AN, Mor V
Disparities in discontinuing rosiglitazone following the 2007 FDA safety alert.
The researchers compared time to discontinuation of rosiglitazone after the safety alert between black and white elderly persons, and across sociodemographic and economic subgroups. They found that white race and a history of low personal income modestly predicted later discontinuation of rosiglitazone after the FDA's safety advisory in 2007.
AHRQ-funded; HS019657.
Citation: Qato DM, Trivedi AN, Mor V .
Disparities in discontinuing rosiglitazone following the 2007 FDA safety alert.
Med Care 2016 Apr;54(4):406-13. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000502..
Keywords: Medication, Disparities, Elderly, Social Determinants of Health, Vulnerable Populations