National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
76 to 90 of 90 Research Studies DisplayedMays VM, Jones AL, Delany-Brumsey A
Perceived discrimination in health care and mental health/substance abuse treatment among blacks, Latinos, and whites.
The researchers investigated whether perceived discrimination in mental health/substance abuse visits contributes to participants' ratings of treatment helpfulness and stopped treatment. They found that fifteen percent of California adults reported discrimination during a health care visit and 4% specifically during mental health/substance abuse visits. Latinos, the uninsured, and those with past year mental disorders were twice as likely as others to report health care discrimination.
AHRQ-funded; HS021721.
Citation: Mays VM, Jones AL, Delany-Brumsey A .
Perceived discrimination in health care and mental health/substance abuse treatment among blacks, Latinos, and whites.
Med Care 2017 Feb;55(2):173-81. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000638.
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Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Disparities
Bensley KM, Harris AH, Gupta S
Racial/ethnic differences in initiation of and engagement with addictions treatment among patients with alcohol use disorders in the Veterans Health Administration.
In this study, the researchers investigated racial/ethnic variation in initiation of and engagement with specialty addictions treatment in a national sample of Black, Hispanic, and White patients with clinically recognized alcohol use disorders (AUD) from the US Veterans Health Administration (VA). The investigators found, after accounting for facility- and patient-level characteristics, Black and Hispanic patients with AUD were more likely than Whites to initiate specialty addictions treatment, and Black patients were more likely than Whites to engage.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Bensley KM, Harris AH, Gupta S .
Racial/ethnic differences in initiation of and engagement with addictions treatment among patients with alcohol use disorders in the Veterans Health Administration.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2017 Feb;73:27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2016.11.001..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Substance Abuse
Witt WP, Coffey RM, Lopez-Gonzalez L
AHRQ Author: Andrews RM, Washington RE
Understanding racial and ethnic disparities in postsurgical complications occurring in U.S. hospitals.
This study of 5,474,067 inpatient surgical discharges examined the role of patient, hospital, and community characteristics on racial and ethnic disparities in in-hospital postsurgical complications. It concluded that race does not appear to be an important determinant of in-hospital postsurgical complications, but insurance and community characteristics have an effect.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201300002C.
Citation: Witt WP, Coffey RM, Lopez-Gonzalez L .
Understanding racial and ethnic disparities in postsurgical complications occurring in U.S. hospitals.
Health Serv Res 2017 Feb;52(1):220-43. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12475.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Surgery, Adverse Events
Schneider JA, Kozloski M, Michaels S
Criminal justice involvement history is associated with better HIV care continuum metrics among a population-based sample of young black MSM.
This study examined how history of criminal justice involvement (CJI) is related to HIV care continuum metrics among young black MSM 16-29 years of age. It found that having one CJI experience and detention for only 1 day was associated with better retention in care compared with no or more frequent CJI. Those with a previous history of CJI were more successful in achieving most HIV care continuum metrics.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Schneider JA, Kozloski M, Michaels S .
Criminal justice involvement history is associated with better HIV care continuum metrics among a population-based sample of young black MSM.
AIDS 2017 Jan 2;31(1):159-65. doi: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001269.
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Keywords: Care Management, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Patient Adherence/Compliance, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Lewis VA, Fraze T, Fisher ES
ACOs serving high proportions of racial and ethnic minorities lag in quality performance.
Researchers analyzed racial and ethnic disparities in health care outcomes among accountable care organizations (ACOs). Their findings suggest that ACOs with a high share of minority patients may struggle with quality performance under ACO contracts, especially during their early years of participation-maintaining or potentially exacerbating current inequities.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: Lewis VA, Fraze T, Fisher ES .
ACOs serving high proportions of racial and ethnic minorities lag in quality performance.
Health Aff 2017 Jan;36(1):57-66. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0626.
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Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Provider Performance, Quality Indicators (QIs), Quality of Care
Farias AJ, Du XL
Association between out-of-pocket costs, race/ethnicity, and adjuvant endocrine therapy adherence among Medicare patients with breast cancer.
This study aimed to determine whether there are racial/ethnic differences in 1-year adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) and whether out-of-pocket costs explain the racial/ethnic disparities in adherence. It concluded that racial/ethnic disparities in AET adherence were largely explained by women's differences in socioeconomic status and out-of-pocket medication costs.
AHRQ-funded; HS018956.
Citation: Farias AJ, Du XL .
Association between out-of-pocket costs, race/ethnicity, and adjuvant endocrine therapy adherence among Medicare patients with breast cancer.
J Clin Oncol 2017 Jan;35(1):86-95.
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Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Healthcare Costs, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Gounder PP, Holman RC, Seeman SM
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Infectious disease hospitalizations among American Indian/Alaska native and non-American Indian/Alaska native persons in Alaska, 2010-2011.
The researchers used a merged state database to determine infectious disease (ID) hospitalization rates among American Indian/Alaska native (AI/AN) and non-American Indian/Alaska native persons in Alaska. They concluded that a substantial disparity in ID hospitalization rates exists between AI/AN and non-AI/AN persons, and the most common reason for ID hospitalization among AI/AN persons was lower respiratory tract infection.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Gounder PP, Holman RC, Seeman SM .
Infectious disease hospitalizations among American Indian/Alaska native and non-American Indian/Alaska native persons in Alaska, 2010-2011.
Public Health Rep 2017 Jan/Feb;132(1):65-75. doi: 10.1177/0033354916679807.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Hospitalization, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Stepanikova I, Oates GR
Perceived discrimination and privilege in health care: the role of socioeconomic status and race.
This study examined how perceived racial privilege and perceived racial discrimination in health care varied with race and socioeconomic status (SES). It found that in whites, higher income and education contributed to increased perceptions of privileged treatment and decreased perceptions of discrimination. The pattern was reversed in blacks, who reported more discrimination and less privilege at higher income and education levels.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Stepanikova I, Oates GR .
Perceived discrimination and privilege in health care: the role of socioeconomic status and race.
Am J Prev Med 2017 Jan;52(1s1):S86-s94. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.024.
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Keywords: Disparities, Health Status, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Simon AE, Boss EF, Zelaya CE
Racial and ethnic differences in receipt of pressure equalization tubes among US children, 2014.
More than 20 years ago, differences according to race/ethnicity in the national prevalence of having had pressure equalization tubes (PETs) placed were documented. This study found that, as of 2014, nearly 9 percent of US children have had PETs placed. Non-Hispanic white children still have a greater prevalence of PET placement compared with non-Hispanic black and Hispanic children.
AHRQ-funded; HS022932.
Citation: Simon AE, Boss EF, Zelaya CE .
Racial and ethnic differences in receipt of pressure equalization tubes among US children, 2014.
Acad Pediatr 2017 Jan - Feb;17(1):88-94. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2016.07.004.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Disparities, Ear Infections, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Surgery
Magnusson DM, Mistry KB
AHRQ Author: Mistry KB
Racial and ethnic disparities in unmet need for pediatric therapy services: the role of family-centered care.
The researchers examined whether individual elements of family-centered care (FCC) mediate racial/ethnic disparities in parent-reported unmet therapy need. Eighteen percent of children with special health care needs 0 to 5 years old with reported therapy need experienced unmet need. Black and Hispanic children were more likely than white children to have parent-reported unmet therapy need.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Magnusson DM, Mistry KB .
Racial and ethnic disparities in unmet need for pediatric therapy services: the role of family-centered care.
Acad Pediatr 2017 Jan - Feb;17(1):27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2016.06.010.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Patient and Family Engagement, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Caldwell JT, Ford CL, Wallace SP
Racial and ethnic residential segregation and access to health care in rural areas.
This study examined the relationship between racial/ethnic residential segregation and access to health care in rural areas. In rural areas, segregation contributed to worse access to a usual source of health care but higher reports of health care needs being met among African Americans and Hispanics.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078; HS022811.
Citation: Caldwell JT, Ford CL, Wallace SP .
Racial and ethnic residential segregation and access to health care in rural areas.
Health Place 2017 Jan;43:104-12. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.11.015.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Health Services Research (HSR), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Rural Health, Social Determinants of Health
Sohn H, Timmermans S
Social effects of health care reform: Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act and changes in volunteering.
This article examined whether public health policy interventions result in pro-social behaviors. Specifically, it examined the association between Medicaid and volunteer work. Volunteerism is implicated in individuals' health and well-being yet it is highly correlated with a person's existing socioeconomic resources. The investigators found that increased volunteer work associated with Medicaid was greater among minority groups and narrowed existing ethnic differences in volunteerism in states that expanded Medicaid eligibility.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Sohn H, Timmermans S .
Social effects of health care reform: Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act and changes in volunteering.
Socius 2017 Jan-Dec;3. doi: 10.1177/2378023117700903..
Keywords: Medicaid, Policy, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Stepanikova I, Bateman LB, Oates GR
Systemic inflammation in midlife: race, socioeconomic status, and perceived discrimination.
This study investigates social determinants of systemic inflammation, focusing on race, SES, and perceived discrimination. Data on 884 white and 170 black participants were obtained from the Survey of Midlife in the U.S., a cross-sectional observational study combining survey measures, anthropometry, and biomarker assay. It suggests that inflammation-reducing interventions should focus on blacks and individuals facing socioeconomic disadvantages, especially low education.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Stepanikova I, Bateman LB, Oates GR .
Systemic inflammation in midlife: race, socioeconomic status, and perceived discrimination.
Am J Prev Med 2017 Jan;52(1s1):S63-s76. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.026.
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Keywords: Disparities, Health Status, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Cook BL, Trinh NH, Li Z
Trends in racial-ethnic disparities in access to mental health care, 2004-2012.
This study compared trends in racial-ethnic disparities in mental health care access among whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians by using the Institute of Medicine definition of disparities as all differences except those due to clinical appropriateness, clinical need, and patient preferences. The investigators found that significant disparities were found in 2004-2005 and in 2011-2012 for all three racial-ethnic minority groups compared with whites in all three measures of access.
AHRQ-funded; HS021486.
Citation: Cook BL, Trinh NH, Li Z .
Trends in racial-ethnic disparities in access to mental health care, 2004-2012.
Psychiatr Serv 2017 Jan;68(1):9-16. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201500453..
Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Shafi T, Powe NR, Meyer TW
Trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients.
This study determined the association of the proatherogenic metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) with cardiovascular outcomes in hemodialysis patients and assessed whether this association differs by race. It found that, compared with blacks in the same quintile, whites in the highest quintile for TMAO (>/=135 muM) had a 4-fold higher risk of cardiac or sudden cardiac death and a 2-fold higher risk of any-cause death.
AHRQ-funded; HS008365.
Citation: Shafi T, Powe NR, Meyer TW .
Trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients.
J Am Soc Nephrol 2017 Jan;28(1):321-31. doi: 10.1681/asn.2016030374.
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Keywords: Kidney Disease and Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Cardiovascular Conditions