National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- (-) Antibiotics (4)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (2)
- Children/Adolescents (2)
- Community-Acquired Infections (2)
- Hospital Discharge (1)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Infectious Diseases (1)
- Medication (4)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1)
- (-) Pneumonia (4)
- Prevention (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (2)
- Sickle Cell Disease (1)
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- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 4 of 4 Research Studies DisplayedSoper NS, Appukutty AJ, Paje D
Antibiotic overuse after discharge from medical short-stay units.
This study investigated antibiotic overuse after discharge from medical short-stay units (SSUs). This cross-sectional study included patients hospitalized in 2 different medical SSUs with a total of 40 beds at a single academic medical center. Eligible adults were discharged with an oral antibiotic from either SSU from May 2018 to September 2019. Of 100 patients discharged from SSUs with antibiotics, 47 had a skin and soft-tissue infection (SSTI), 22 pneumonia, 21 UTI, and 10 had “other” infections. Overall, 78 cases (78%) were defined as overuse, including 39 of 47 of those treated for SSTI, 17 of 21 for UTI, and 14 of 22 for pneumonia. The most common types of overuse were excess duration and guideline discordant selection. Examples of factors influencing overuse included consultant recommendations, miscalculation of duration, and the need for source control procedure.
AHRQ-funded; HS026530.
Citation: Soper NS, Appukutty AJ, Paje D .
Antibiotic overuse after discharge from medical short-stay units.
Nov;43(11):1689-92. doi: 10.1017/ice.2021.346..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Medication, Pneumonia, Skin Conditions, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Respiratory Conditions, Hospital Discharge
Vaughn VM, Gandhi TN, Hofer TP
A statewide collaborative quality initiative to improve antibiotic duration and outcomes in patients hospitalized with uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia.
Researchers sought to improve antibiotic duration for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) across 41 hospitals participating in the Michigan Hospital Medicine Safety Consortium (HMS). They found that, across diverse hospitals, HMS participation was associated with more appropriate use of short-course therapy and fewer adverse events in hospitalized patients with uncomplicated CAP.
AHRQ-funded; HS026530.
Citation: Vaughn VM, Gandhi TN, Hofer TP .
A statewide collaborative quality initiative to improve antibiotic duration and outcomes in patients hospitalized with uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia.
Clin Infect Dis 2022 Aug 31;75(3):460-67. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab950..
Keywords: Community-Acquired Infections, Pneumonia, Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Medication, Respiratory Conditions
Frush JM, Zhu Y, Edwards KM
Prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and use of antistaphylococcal therapy in children hospitalized with pneumonia.
In a studied group of children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, staphylococcal pneumonia was rare but associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes. Despite this low prevalence, use of antistaphylococcal antibiotics was common. The authors recommended efforts to minimize overuse of antistaphylococcal antibiotics while also ensuring adequate treatment for pathogen-specific diseases.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: Frush JM, Zhu Y, Edwards KM .
Prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and use of antistaphylococcal therapy in children hospitalized with pneumonia.
J Hosp Med 2018 Dec;13(12):848-52. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3093..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Infectious Diseases, Pneumonia, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Community-Acquired Infections, Hospitalization, Antibiotics, Medication
Reeves SL, Tribble AC, Madden B
Antibiotic prophylaxis for children with sickle cell anemia.
This study calculated the proportion of children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) who received at least 300 days of antibiotic prophylaxis against invasive pneumococcal disease and identified predictors of receipt. Children with SCA between 3 months and 5 years old were identified by the presence of three or more Medicaid claims with a diagnosis of SCA within a calendar year in six states. Receipt of antibiotics was identified through claims for filled prescriptions. The authors conclude that antibiotic prophylaxis rates are low among children with SCA; more healthcare encounters may offer opportunities for increased intervention. Potential predictors were identified as age, sex, year, state, and health services usage.
AHRQ-funded; HS020516.
Citation: Reeves SL, Tribble AC, Madden B .
Antibiotic prophylaxis for children with sickle cell anemia.
Pediatrics 2018 Mar;141(3). doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-2182..
Keywords: Sickle Cell Disease, Children/Adolescents, Antibiotics, Prevention, Pneumonia, Medication