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- Autism (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 11 of 11 Research Studies DisplayedBorgatti AC, Crockett KB, Jacob AE
Correlates of psychological distress among adults with obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in stress and loneliness among participants with obesity who were engaged in weight loss self-management in the US during COVID-19, and to identify risk factors that may increase psychosocial distress during this period. Participants completed an online survey about social, economic and health behavior changes during COVID-19 and their relationship to changes in perceived stress and loneliness. Results indicated that stress and loneliness increased two months into the COVID-19 pandemic-related shutdown. Factors associated with increased stress and/or loneliness included higher body mass index, social distancing, alcohol intake, and working from home. The authors concluded that ongoing attention to psychosocial well-being among individuals with obesity remains imperative both during the ongoing pandemic and afterwards.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Borgatti AC, Crockett KB, Jacob AE .
Correlates of psychological distress among adults with obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Psychol Health 2022 Dec; 37(12):1547-64. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2038790..
Keywords: COVID-19, Obesity, Stress, Social Stigma, Behavioral Health
Hobson JM, Gilstrap SR, Owens MA
Intersectional HIV and chronic pain stigma: implications for mood, sleep, and pain severity.
This study discusses chronic pain stigma in persons with HIV (PWH) and the consequences for mental and physical health which can lead to poor chronic pain outcome. This cross-sectional study enrolled 91 PWH and chronic pain patients, with six participants disqualified. Participants provided blood to determine CD 4+ count and viral load. They also completed standardized self-report questionnaires that assessed their experiences of HIV and chronic pain stigma, as well as depressive symptoms, experiences of insomnia, and pain severity. Measures used in the questionnaires included the HIV Stigma Mechanisms Scale, the Internalized Stigma of Chronic Pain scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CED-S) Scale, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Brief Pain Inventory Short-Form (BFI-SF). Participants were also questioned on opioid use. Results showed that for intersectional HIV and chronic pain stigma, 38% of participants were categorized as “high”, 28% were categorized as “moderate”, and 34% were categorized as “low”.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Hobson JM, Gilstrap SR, Owens MA .
Intersectional HIV and chronic pain stigma: implications for mood, sleep, and pain severity.
J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2022 Jan-Dec;21:23259582221077941. doi: 10.1177/23259582221077941..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Pain, Chronic Conditions, Social Stigma, Depression
Fox AB, Earnshaw VA, Taverna EC
Conceptualizing and measuring mental illness stigma: the Mental Illness Stigma Framework and critical review of measures.
In this article, the authors bring together the different foci of mental illness stigma research with the Mental Illness Stigma Framework (MISF). The MISF provides a common framework and set of terminology for understanding mechanisms of mental illness stigma that are relevant to the study of both the stigmatized and the stigmatizer. The investigators apply this framework to systematically review and classify stigma measures used in the past decade according to their corresponding stigma mechanisms.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Fox AB, Earnshaw VA, Taverna EC .
Conceptualizing and measuring mental illness stigma: the Mental Illness Stigma Framework and critical review of measures.
Stigma Health 2018 Nov;3(4):348-76. doi: 10.1037/sah0000104.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Social Stigma
Rice WS, Turan B, White K
Norms and stigma around unintended pregnancy in Alabama: associations with recent contraceptive use and dual method use among young women.
This study investigated the role of unintended pregnancy norms and stigma in contraceptive use among young women in Alabama. A total of 390 women aged 18-24 were surveyed from November 2014 to October 2015 at university and public health clinics. These women were considered at risk for unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Compared to nonusers, users of contraceptives were more likely to be White, nulliparous, from the university and had higher income. Disapproval of unintended pregnancy by close family and friends was associated with greater contraceptive use.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Rice WS, Turan B, White K .
Norms and stigma around unintended pregnancy in Alabama: associations with recent contraceptive use and dual method use among young women.
Women Health 2018 Nov-Dec;58(10):1151-66. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2017.1414099.
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Keywords: Sexual Health, Pregnancy, Social Stigma, Women, Young Adults
Zuckerman KE, Lindly OJ, Reyes NM
Parent perceptions of community autism spectrum disorder stigma: measure validation and associations in a multi-site sample.
In this study, the investigators developed a brief, English/Spanish bilingual parent-reported scale of perceived community autism spectrum disorder (ASD) stigma and tested it in a multi-site sample of Latino and non-Latino white parents of children with ASD.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Zuckerman KE, Lindly OJ, Reyes NM .
Parent perceptions of community autism spectrum disorder stigma: measure validation and associations in a multi-site sample.
J Autism Dev Disord 2018 Sep;48(9):3199-209. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3586-x..
Keywords: Autism, Disabilities, Social Stigma, Social Determinants of Health, Behavioral Health
Muenks CE, Sewell WC, Hogan PG
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus: the effects are more than skin deep.
The purpose of the study was to assess the psychosocial effects of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) diagnosis on the households of children with MRSA skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI). The study found that primary caregivers of children with MRSA SSTI reported changing their health behaviors, altering their interactions with people outside of their home, and feeling isolated by others in response to their child's MRSA diagnosis.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736.
Citation: Muenks CE, Sewell WC, Hogan PG .
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus: the effects are more than skin deep.
J Pediatr 2018 Aug;199:158-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.04.002..
Keywords: Caregiving, Children/Adolescents, Family Health and History, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Social Stigma
Rice WS, Logie CH, Napoles TM
Perceptions of intersectional stigma among diverse women living with HIV in the United States.
This study conducted 76 interviews with diverse women with HIV from varied socioeconomic backgrounds in Birmingham AL, Jackson MI, Atlanta GA, and San Francisco CA, who were enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). The purpose was to examine perceptions of intersectional stigma among women living with HIV. The women interviewed shared their perceptions of the various forms of stigma and discrimination they had experienced, most commonly related to gender, race, income level, as well as their incarceration histories and weight. The study’s findings highlight the complexity of the social processes of marginalization, and the need for public health strategies to promote wellbeing among women living with HIV and to reduce social structural and health disparities.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Rice WS, Logie CH, Napoles TM .
Perceptions of intersectional stigma among diverse women living with HIV in the United States.
Soc Sci Med 2018 Jul;208:9-17. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.001..
Keywords: Disparities, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Stigma, Women
Crockett KB, Rice WS, Turan B
Associations between multiple forms of discrimination and tobacco use among people living with HIV: the mediating role of avoidance coping.
This study examined the use of tobacco among people living with HIV (PLWH) and their use of it as a coping mechanism for multiple forms of discrimination. Many PLWH face stigma and discrimination associated with HIV and race and sexual orientation. This cohort study recruited 202 PLWH from a HIV primary care clinic in Birmingham, AL between 2013 and 2015. Participants were surveyed on their tobacco use and it showed an association with avoidance coping.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Crockett KB, Rice WS, Turan B .
Associations between multiple forms of discrimination and tobacco use among people living with HIV: the mediating role of avoidance coping.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2018 May 1;78(1):9-15. doi: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001636..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Social Stigma, Tobacco Use
Kay ES, Rice WS, Crockett KB
Experienced HIV-related stigma in health care and community settings: mediated associations with psychosocial and health outcomes.
This study examined the effects of HIV-related stigma in 203 patients at a Southeastern US urban HIV clinic. Psychosocial and health outcomes related to stigma in community and health care settings was investigated. The study showed that stigma was associated with subclinical outcomes such as viral nonsuppression, poor mental health and interpersonal outcomes. Interventions to address stigma in health care settings were recommended to help these patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Kay ES, Rice WS, Crockett KB .
Experienced HIV-related stigma in health care and community settings: mediated associations with psychosocial and health outcomes.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2018 Mar;77(3):257-63. doi: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001590..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Social Stigma, Urban Health
Harper KJ, Osborn CY, Mayberry LS
Patient-perceived family stigma of type 2 diabetes and its consequences.
The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of type two diabetes (T2D) family stigma and its association with helpful and harmful diabetes-specific family behaviors and psychological and behavioral consequences of stigma. Perceptions/experiences of T2D-related family stigma were common in the study’s sample and associated with consequences of stigma including concealment and resentment of self-care, which may affect clinical outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Harper KJ, Osborn CY, Mayberry LS .
Patient-perceived family stigma of type 2 diabetes and its consequences.
Fam Syst Health 2018 Mar;36(1):113-17. doi: 10.1037/fsh0000316..
Keywords: Diabetes, Family Health and History, Social Stigma
Calabrese SK, Earnshaw VA, Magnus M
Sexual stereotypes ascribed to black men who have sex with men: an intersectional analysis.
This online, survey-based study used an inductive, intersectional approach to characterize the sexual stereotypes ascribed to Black men who have sex with men (MSM) by the U.S. general public, their distinctiveness from those ascribed to Black men and MSM in general, and their relative prototypicality as compared to dominant subgroups.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Calabrese SK, Earnshaw VA, Magnus M .
Sexual stereotypes ascribed to black men who have sex with men: an intersectional analysis.
Arch Sex Behav 2018 Jan;47(1):143-56. doi: 10.1007/s10508-016-0911-3..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Stigma