National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Cardiovascular Conditions (1)
- Children/Adolescents (2)
- Dementia (4)
- (-) Diagnostic Safety and Quality (9)
- Elderly (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Guidelines (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (1)
- Hospitals (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Infectious Diseases (1)
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (1)
- Medicare (2)
- (-) Neurological Disorders (9)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (1)
- Patient Safety (1)
- Provider (1)
- Provider: Physician (1)
- Risk (2)
- Shared Decision Making (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 9 of 9 Research Studies DisplayedNelson KE, Chakravarti V, Diskin C
Validation of neurologic impairment diagnosis codes as signifying documented functional impairment in hospitalized children.
This study’s objective was to assess the performance of previously published high-intensity neurologic impairment (NI) diagnosis codes in identification of hospitalized children with clinical NI. This retrospective study of 500 randomly selected discharges in 2019 was conducted at a freestanding children’s hospital. Charts were reviewed for: 1) NI discharge diagnosis codes and 2) documentation of clinical NI (a neurologic diagnosis and indication of functional impairment like medical technology). Diagnosis codes identified clinically documented NI with 88.1% specificity, and 79.4% sensitivity; negative predictive value (NPV) was 96.7%, and positive predictive value (PPV) was 49%. Including children with milder functional impaired results in NPV of 95.7% and PPV of 77.5%. Restriction to children with more severe functional impairment increased NPV and decreased PPV. Misclassification was mostly due to inclusion of children without functional impairments.
AHRQ-funded; HS025138.
Citation: Nelson KE, Chakravarti V, Diskin C .
Validation of neurologic impairment diagnosis codes as signifying documented functional impairment in hospitalized children.
Acad Pediatr 2022 Jul;22(5):782-88. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2021.07.014..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Neurological Disorders, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Hua CL, Thomas KS, Bunker JN
Dementia diagnosis in the hospital and outcomes among patients with advanced dementia documented in the Minimum Data Set.
This retrospective cohort study examined the association between a dementia diagnosis listed on a hospital claim and patient outcomes among individuals with a Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessment. The cohort was comprised of hospitalized patients aged 66 years and older with advanced dementia noted on an MDS assessment completed within 120 days prior to their first hospitalization in 2017. Among 120,989 patients with advanced dementia and a nursing home stay, 90.6% had a dementia diagnosis on their hospital claims. Documentation of a dementia diagnosis was associated with lower use of intensive care unit or coronary care unit, use of invasive mechanical ventilation, and 30-day mortality. These patients also had a shorter hospital length of stay.
AHRQ-funded; HS000011.
Citation: Hua CL, Thomas KS, Bunker JN .
Dementia diagnosis in the hospital and outcomes among patients with advanced dementia documented in the Minimum Data Set.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2022 Mar;70(3):846-53. doi: 10.1111/jgs.17564..
Keywords: Dementia, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Medicare, Hospitals, Neurological Disorders
Hua CL, Thomas KS, Bunker J
Changes in the agreement between the Minimum Data Set and hospital Medicare claims measures of dementia.
The objective of this study was to examine the agreement between a clinical Minimum Data Set measure of dementia and a diagnosis of dementia documented on a hospital claim across three points in time. A second objective was to examine the extent to which the agreement varied by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Findings showed that hospital claims for patients aged 66–75 were less likely to be accurate than those for other age groups and suggests that physicians do not always look for signs of dementia in younger adults. Additionally, Asian patients were less likely to have a diagnosis of dementia documented during hospitalization, which could be related to language barriers between patients and clinicians.
AHRQ-funded; HS000011.
Citation: Hua CL, Thomas KS, Bunker J .
Changes in the agreement between the Minimum Data Set and hospital Medicare claims measures of dementia.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2021 Sep;69(9):2672-75. doi: 10.1111/jgs.17201..
Keywords: Elderly, Dementia, Neurological Disorders, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Medicare
Miller AC, Koeneman SH, Arakkal AT
Incidence, duration, and risk factors associated with missed opportunities to diagnose herpes simplex encephalitis: a population-based longitudinal study.
This retrospective cohort study determined the frequency and duration of diagnostic delays for herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Data from the IBM Marketscan Databases from 2001-2017 was used. The authors estimated the number of visits with HSE-related symptoms before diagnosis that would be expected to occur in the absence of delays and compared this estimate to the observed pattern of visits. Then a simulation-based approach was used to compute the number of visits representing a delay. They identified 2667 patients diagnosed with HSE and estimated 45.9% of patients experienced at least 1 missed opportunity, with 21.9% of patients having delays lasting >7 days. Risk factors for delays included being seen only in the emergency department, age 65 or older, or a history of sinusitis or schizophrenia.
AHRQ-funded; HS027375.
Citation: Miller AC, Koeneman SH, Arakkal AT .
Incidence, duration, and risk factors associated with missed opportunities to diagnose herpes simplex encephalitis: a population-based longitudinal study.
Open Forum Infect Dis 2021 Sep;8(9):ofab400. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofab400..
Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Neurological Disorders, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Risk
Huda A, Castaño A, Niyogi A
A machine learning model for identifying patients at risk for wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy.
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, an often-unrecognized cause of heart failure, is now treatable with a transthyretin stabilizer. It is therefore important to identify at-risk patients who can undergo targeted testing for earlier diagnosis and treatment, prior to the development of irreversible heart failure. In this study, the investigators showed that a random forest machine learning model could identify potential wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy using medical claims data.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Huda A, Castaño A, Niyogi A .
A machine learning model for identifying patients at risk for wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy.
Nat Commun 2021 May 11;12(1):2725. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22876-9..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Neurological Disorders, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Risk
Srivastava S, Clark B, Landy-Schmitt C
Repetitive and self-injurious behaviors in children with Cornelia de Lange syndrome.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Srivastava S, Clark B, Landy-Schmitt C .
Repetitive and self-injurious behaviors in children with Cornelia de Lange syndrome.
J Autism Dev Disord 2021 May;51(5):1748-58. doi: 10.1007/s10803-020-04617-x..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Neurological Disorders, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Armstrong Armstrong, Irwin DJ, Leverenz JB
Biomarker use for dementia with Lewy body diagnosis: survey of US experts.
Researchers investigated clinical practice patterns of dementia with Lewy body (DLB) diagnostic criteria. An anonymous survey was sent to 38 center of excellence investigators inquiring about clinical use of diagnostic tests/biomarkers. They found that neuropsychological testing and MRI remained the most widely used diagnostic tests by DLB specialists. Other tests, particularly, indicative biomarkers, are used only selectively. They recommended research to validate existing potential DLB biomarkers, to develop new biomarkers, and to investigate mechanisms to improve DLB diagnosis.
Citation: Armstrong Armstrong, Irwin DJ, Leverenz JB .
Biomarker use for dementia with Lewy body diagnosis: survey of US experts.
Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2021 Jan-Mar;35(1):55-61. doi: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000414..
Keywords: Dementia, Neurological Disorders, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Armstrong MJ, Gronseth GS, Day GS
Patient stakeholder versus physician preferences regarding amyloid PET testing.
Patient and caregiver perspectives on amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) use are largely unexplored, particularly as compared with clinician views. In this study, the investigators surveyed clinicians, patients, caregivers, and dementia advocates on topics relating to an evidence-based guideline on amyloid PET use. They found that patients and caregivers emphasized the importance of having a dementia diagnosis and placed more value on testing and outcomes for asymptomatic populations than clinicians.
AHRQ-funded; HS024159.
Citation: Armstrong MJ, Gronseth GS, Day GS .
Patient stakeholder versus physician preferences regarding amyloid PET testing.
Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2019 Jul-Sep;33(3):246-53. doi: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000311..
Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Dementia, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Imaging, Neurological Disorders, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Provider, Provider: Physician
Wang S, Allen D, Perkins A
Validation of a new clinical tool for post-intensive care syndrome.
The objective of this study was to validate the self-report version of the Healthy Aging Brain Care Monitor as a clinical tool for detecting post-intensive care syndrome. 142 patients who survived stays in intensive care units (ICUs) following a critical illness completed the self-report and standardized assessments of their cognition, their psychological symptoms, and physical functioning. Patients who had post-ICU syndrome were compared with a sample of primary care patients. Based on their findings, the researchers conclude that the self-report version is a valid clinical tool for the assessment of symptoms of post-ICU syndrome.
AHRQ-funded; HS024384.
Citation: Wang S, Allen D, Perkins A .
Validation of a new clinical tool for post-intensive care syndrome.
Am J Crit Care 2019 Jan;28(1):10-18. doi: 10.4037/ajcc2019639..
Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Neurological Disorders, Patient Safety