National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Asthma (1)
- Care Management (1)
- Children/Adolescents (2)
- Comparative Effectiveness (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (2)
- Disparities (1)
- (-) Emergency Department (7)
- (-) Evidence-Based Practice (7)
- Guidelines (4)
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- Hospitals (1)
- Influenza (1)
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- Primary Care (1)
- Provider Performance (1)
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- Quality Indicators (QIs) (1)
- Quality of Care (3)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Rural Health (1)
- Sepsis (2)
- Shared Decision Making (1)
- Sickle Cell Disease (1)
- Stroke (1)
- Telehealth (1)
- Tools & Toolkits (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 7 of 7 Research Studies DisplayedGreenwald E, Olds E, Leonard J
Pediatric sepsis in community emergency care settings: guideline concordance and outcomes.
The authors sought to describe the rate of guideline-concordant care, and hypothesized that guideline-concordant care in community pediatric emergency care settings would be associated with decreased hospital length of stay (LOS). They found that guideline-concordant care was not associated with hospital LOS. The elements that drove overall concordance were timely recognition, vascular access, and timely antibiotics. Emergency care for pediatric sepsis in the community settings studied was concordant with guidelines in only 24% of the cases. They recommended future study to evaluate additional drivers of outcomes and ways to improve sepsis care in community emergency care settings.
AHRQ-funded; HS025696.
Citation: Greenwald E, Olds E, Leonard J .
Pediatric sepsis in community emergency care settings: guideline concordance and outcomes.
Pediatr Emerg Care 2021 Dec;37(12):e1571-e77. doi: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002120..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Sepsis, Emergency Department, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice
Trent SA, George N, Havranek EP
Established evidence-based treatment guidelines help mitigate disparities in quality of emergency care.
Evidence-based guidelines are often cited as a means of ensuring high-quality care for all patients. The objective of this study was to assess whether emergency department (ED) adherence to core evidence-based guidelines differed by patient sex and race/ethnicity and to assess the effect of ED guideline adherence on patient outcomes by sex and race/ethnicity. The investigators concluded that longstanding, nationally reported evidence-based guidelines can help eliminate sex and race/ethnicity disparities in quality of care.
AHRQ-funded; HS022400.
Citation: Trent SA, George N, Havranek EP .
Established evidence-based treatment guidelines help mitigate disparities in quality of emergency care.
Acad Emerg Med 2021 Sep;28(9):1051-60. doi: 10.1111/acem.14235..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Emergency Department, Disparities, Quality of Care
Tanabe P, Blewer AL, Bonnabeau E
Dissemination of evidence-based recommendations for sickle cell disease to primary care and emergency department providers in North Carolina: a cost benefit analysis.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic condition affecting primarily individuals of African descent, who happen to be disproportionately impacted by poverty and who lack access to health care. Many providers do not feel prepared to care for individuals with SCD, despite the existence of evidence-based guidelines. The authors report the development of a SCD toolbox and the dissemination process to primary care and emergency department (ED) providers in North Carolina (NC). They report the effect of this dissemination on health-care utilization, cost of care, and overall cost-benefit.
AHRQ-funded; HS024501.
Citation: Tanabe P, Blewer AL, Bonnabeau E .
Dissemination of evidence-based recommendations for sickle cell disease to primary care and emergency department providers in North Carolina: a cost benefit analysis.
J Health Econ Outcomes Res 2021 Apr 1;8(1):18-28. doi: 10.36469/jheor.2021.21535..
Keywords: Sickle Cell Disease, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Primary Care, Emergency Department, Tools & Toolkits
Mohr NM, Harland KK, Okoro UE
TELEmedicine as an Intervention for Sepsis in Emergency Departments: a multicenter, comparative effectiveness study (TELEvISED Study).
Sepsis is a life-threatening infection that affects over 1.7 million Americans annually. Low-volume rural hospitals have worse sepsis outcomes, and emergency department (ED)-based telemedicine (tele-ED) has been one promising strategy for improving rural sepsis care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of tele-ED consultation on sepsis care and outcomes in rural ED patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS025753.
Citation: Mohr NM, Harland KK, Okoro UE .
TELEmedicine as an Intervention for Sepsis in Emergency Departments: a multicenter, comparative effectiveness study (TELEvISED Study).
J Comp Eff Res 2021 Feb;10(2):77-91. doi: 10.2217/cer-2020-0141..
Keywords: Sepsis, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Emergency Department, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Rural Health, Healthcare Delivery
Kaiser SV, Johnson MD, Walls TA
Pathways to improve pediatric asthma care: a multisite, national study of emergency department asthma pathway implementation.
This quality improvement study’s aim was to determine the effects of pediatric asthma pathway implementation in a diverse, national sample of emergency departments (EDs). Desired outcomes included systemic corticosteroid administration within 60 minutes (primary), assessment of severity at ED triage, chest radiograph use, hospital admission or transfer for higher level of care, and ED length of stay. Charts were reviewed each month by EDs for children ages 2-17 years with a primary diagnosis of asthma. A total of 83 EDs were enrolled, with 37 of them children’s hospitals, and 46 community hospitals. Seventy-three percent completed the study (n = 22,963). There was a significant increase in systematic corticosteroid administration within 60 minutes of arrival as well as increased odds of severity assessment at triage and decreased rate of change in odds of hospital admission/transfer. Chest radiograph or ED length of stay was not associated with pathway implementation.
AHRQ-funded; HS024592.
Citation: Kaiser SV, Johnson MD, Walls TA .
Pathways to improve pediatric asthma care: a multisite, national study of emergency department asthma pathway implementation.
J Pediatr 2020 Aug;223:100-07.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.02.080..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Asthma, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Care Management, Healthcare Delivery, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes
Colton K, Richards CT, Pruitt PB
Early stroke recognition and time-based emergency care performance metrics for intracerebral hemorrhage.
This study compared time for early stroke recognition for intracerebral hemorrhage for hospitals with and without stroke teams. An observational cohort study was conducted at an urban comprehensive stroke center from 2009 to 2017 with 204 cases included. Stroke team activation resulted in faster emergency care compared to no activation. This process resulted in shorter onset-to-arrival times, higher NIH Stroke Scale scores, and higher Glasgow Coma Scale scores.
AHRQ-funded; HS023437.
Citation: Colton K, Richards CT, Pruitt PB .
Early stroke recognition and time-based emergency care performance metrics for intracerebral hemorrhage.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020 Feb;29(2):104552. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104552..
Keywords: Stroke, Emergency Department, Provider Performance, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Quality Improvement, Quality Indicators (QIs), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Quality of Care, Evidence-Based Practice, Hospitals
Dugas AF, Hsieh YH, LoVecchio F
Derivation and validation of a clinical decision guideline for influenza testing in 4 US emergency departments.
This study looked at which patients should be tested for influenza among adult emergency department (ED) patients with fever or respiratory symptoms who met criteria for antiviral treatment per 2013 CDC guidelines. A prospective cohort study was conducted at 4 US EDs from November 2013 to April 2014. All 1941 enrolled participants were tested for influenza using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and 183 patients (9.4%) had influenza. The CDC clinical decision guidelines (CDGs) for influenza testing includes new or increased cough (2 points), headache (1 point), subjective fever (1 point), and triage temperature >100.4F degrees. The CDG had a sensitivity and specificity of 94.1% and 36.6% respectively in the derivation set and the validation set.
AHRQ-funded; HS009699.
Citation: Dugas AF, Hsieh YH, LoVecchio F .
Derivation and validation of a clinical decision guideline for influenza testing in 4 US emergency departments.
Clin Infect Dis 2020 Jan;70(1):49-58. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz171..
Keywords: Guidelines, Shared Decision Making, Influenza, Respiratory Conditions, Emergency Department, Evidence-Based Practice, Diagnostic Safety and Quality