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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 3 of 3 Research Studies DisplayedWei YJ, Chen C, Lewis MO
Trajectories of prescription opioid dose and risk of opioid-related adverse events among older Medicare beneficiaries in the United States: a nested case-control study.
This study used a sample of older patients who are Medicare beneficiaries who were newly prescribed opioids to determine rates of 4 prescription opioid dose trajectories and the risk of opioid-related adverse events (ORAEs). A 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries from 2011 to 2018 was used to conduct a nested case-control study of patients age 65 and older who were newly diagnosed with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). Among the cases and controls, 2,192 (70.6%) were women and mean age was 77.1 years. Four prescribed opioid trajectories before the incident ORAE diagnosis or matched date emerged: gradual dose discontinuation (from ≤3 to 0 daily morphine milligram equivalent (MME), 1,456 [23.5%]), gradual dose increase (from 0 to >3 daily MME, 1,878 [30.3%]), consistent low dose (between 3 and 5 daily MME, 1,510 [24.3%]), and consistent moderate dose (>20 daily MME, 1,362 [22.0%]). Less than 5% were prescribed a mean daily dose of ≥90 daily MME during 6 months before diagnosis or matched date. Patients with gradual dose discontinuation versus those with a consistent low or moderate dose, and increase dose were more likely to be 65 to 74 years, Midwest US residents, and receiving no low-income subsidy. Those with gradual dose increase and consistent moderate dose had a higher risk of ORAE, after adjustment for covariates.
AHRQ-funded; HS027230.
Citation: Wei YJ, Chen C, Lewis MO .
Trajectories of prescription opioid dose and risk of opioid-related adverse events among older Medicare beneficiaries in the United States: a nested case-control study.
PLoS Med 2022 Mar;19(3):e1003947. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003947..
Keywords: Elderly, Opioids, Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Risk, Chronic Conditions, Pain, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Medication: Safety, Patient Safety
Bunting AM, Oser CB, Staton M
Pre-incarceration polysubstance use involving opioids: a unique risk factor of postrelease return to substance use.
This study explored pre-incarceration polysubstance use involving opioids as a unique risk factor for postrelease relapse to substance use. Data from a cohort of 502 justice-involved persons who were enrolled in a therapeutic community treatment program while incarcerated was used. Six unique polysubstance opioid patterns prior to incarceration were found using latent profile validation. Two of these profiles, primarily alcohol and primarily buprenorphine were at increased and accelerated risk for relapse postrelease relative to a lesser polysubstance use profile. Both profiles at increased risk had a pre-incarceration co-use of marijuana and nonmedical use of opioids but were unique in their respective near daily use of alcohol and nonmedical buprenorphine.
AHRQ-funded; HS026120.
Citation: Bunting AM, Oser CB, Staton M .
Pre-incarceration polysubstance use involving opioids: a unique risk factor of postrelease return to substance use.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2021 Aug;127:108354. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108354..
Keywords: Opioids, Substance Abuse, Risk
Baillargeon J, Polychronopoulou E, Kuo YF
The impact of substance use disorder on COVID-19 outcomes.
The goal of this study was to examine the impact of substance use disorder on the risk of hospitalization, complications, and mortality among adult patients diagnosed as having COVID-19. Using data from the TriNetX Research Network database, primary analysis showed that substance use disorder was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization, ventilator use, and mortality. These findings suggest that COVID-19 patients with substance use disorders are at increased risk for adverse outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS026133.
Citation: Baillargeon J, Polychronopoulou E, Kuo YF .
The impact of substance use disorder on COVID-19 outcomes.
Psychiatr Serv 2021 May;72(5):578-81. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000534..
Keywords: COVID-19, Substance Abuse, Hospitalization, Mortality, Risk