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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 7 of 7 Research Studies DisplayedTyler A, Jolles M
Methodological progress note: implementation science contributions to healthcare research and practice.
Existing research reflects that specific populations such as senior citizens, minorities, and rural Americans have proportionally less access to telehealth when compared to the average American. The purpose of this study was to explore specific strategies for overcoming barriers to telehealth access through an evaluation of data collected by a medical student-run telehealth education program. During the study period the researchers contacted 47 patients by telephone through the GET (Geriatric Education On Telehealth) Access Program. The study found 4 main themes during the discussions with patients, including: completion of registration steps, familiarity with accessing and using video conferencing software, attainment of proxy access for parents of a pediatric patient, and resolution of miscellaneous technical queries.
AHRQ-funded; HS026512.
Citation: Tyler A, Jolles M .
Methodological progress note: implementation science contributions to healthcare research and practice.
J Hosp Med 2023 Oct; 18(10):920-25. doi: 10.1002/jhm.13147..
Keywords: Implementation, Health Services Research (HSR), Evidence-Based Practice
Tugwell P, Welch V, Magwood O
AHRQ Author: Chang C
Protocol for the development of guidance for collaborator and partner engagement in health care evidence syntheses.
The objectives of this protocol were to: Identify, map, and synthesize findings related to engagement in evidence syntheses; Explore how engagement in evidence synthesis promotes health equity; Develop equity-oriented guidance on methods for conducting, evaluating, and reporting engagement. The authors intended to use their findings to develop draft guidance checklists and assess agreement with each item through an international survey. The guidance checklists will be co-produced and after being finalized at a consensus meeting, an international team will develop guidance for collaborators and partner engagement. The authors concluded that incorporating partnership values and expectations may result in better uptake, potentially reducing health inequities.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Tugwell P, Welch V, Magwood O .
Protocol for the development of guidance for collaborator and partner engagement in health care evidence syntheses.
Syst Rev 2023 Aug 2; 12(1):134. doi: 10.1186/s13643-023-02279-1..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Health Services Research (HSR), Healthcare Delivery
Markham JL, Richardson T, Stephens JR
Essential concepts for reducing bias in observational studies.
This study discussed ways to reduce bias in pediatric observational studies, which may be used instead of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) due to barriers within pediatric populations, including lower disease prevalence, high costs, inadequate funding, and additional regulatory requirements. Observational studies do not involve randomization and thus have more potential for bias when compared with RCTs because of imbalances that can exist between comparison groups. The authors describe techniques to minimize bias by controlling for important measurable covariates within observational studies and discuss the challenges and opportunities in addressing specific variables.
AHRQ-funded; HS028845.
Citation: Markham JL, Richardson T, Stephens JR .
Essential concepts for reducing bias in observational studies.
Hosp Pediatr 2023 Aug; 13(8):e234-e39. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2023-007116..
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Health Services Research (HSR)
Strayer TE, Hollingsworth EK, Shah AS
Why do older adults decline participation in research? Results from two deprescribing clinical trials.
The objective of this study was to examine reasons why hospitalized older adults declined participation in two deprescribing clinical trials, Shed-MEDS (non-Veterans) and VA DROP (Veterans). The reasons given by participating patients were condensed into three themes: feeling overwhelmed by current health status; lack of interest or mistrust; hesitancy to participate. A greater proportion of Veterans expressed a lack of interest or, while more non-Veterans expressed feeling overwhelmed by their current health status. The authors concluded that understanding the reasons why older adults decline participation can inform future strategies to engage this multimorbid population.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Strayer TE, Hollingsworth EK, Shah AS .
Why do older adults decline participation in research? Results from two deprescribing clinical trials.
Trials 2023 Jul 18; 24(1):456. doi: 10.1186/s13063-023-07506-7..
Keywords: Elderly, Research Methodologies, Health Services Research (HSR)
Rees CA, Stewart AM, Portillo EN
Reporting of important social determinants of health in pediatric clinical trials.
The purpose of this study was to assess the rates and trends in the reporting of sexual orientation, gender identity, preferred language, and socioeconomic factors in published pediatric clinical trials. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of pediatric clinical trials in the United States published from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2020 in 5 general pediatric and 5 general medical journals with the highest impact factor in their respective fields. Outcomes included reporting of sexual orientation, gender identity, socioeconomic factors, and preferred language. The study found that in 612 trials, 29.6% reported preferred language. Among these, 64.6% exclusively enrolled participants whose preferred language was English. From 2011 to 2020, there was a relative increase in the reporting of preferred language. Socioeconomic factors were reported in 47.9% of trials. There was no significant change in the reporting of socioeconomic factors of published trial results among adolescent participants reported any measure of sexual orientation, and 1.1% reported gender identity. The researchers concluded that despite sexual orientation, gender identity, preferred language, and socioeconomic factors being increasingly recognized as social determinants of health these variables were infrequently included in pediatric clinical trial results reporting.
AHRQ-funded; HS026503.
Citation: Rees CA, Stewart AM, Portillo EN .
Reporting of important social determinants of health in pediatric clinical trials.
Am J Prev Med 2023 Jun; 64(6):918-26. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.12.004..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Social Determinants of Health, Health Services Research (HSR)
Huo T, Glueck DH, Shenkman EA
Stratified split sampling of electronic health records
Data extracted from electronic health records may require very different approaches for model building and analysis than data from clinical research. Because electronic health record data is designed for clinical use, researchers need to engage in the iterative process of defining and provide clear definitions of outcome and predictor variables and assessing associations. This process can increase Type I error rates and decrease the chance of replicability. Failure to consider subgroups may mask heterogeneous relationships between predictor and outcome by subgroups, thus decreasing the generalizability of the findings. To improve the likelihood of both replicability and generalizability, the researchers recommended utilizing a stratified split sample approach for studies using electronic health records. The researchers illustrate the approach through an electronic health record study of the relationships between socio-demographic factors and uptake of hepatic cancer screening, and potential heterogeneity of association in subgroups defined by gender, self-identified race and ethnicity, census-tract level poverty and insurance type.
AHRQ-funded; HS028283.
Citation: Huo T, Glueck DH, Shenkman EA .
Stratified split sampling of electronic health records
BMC Med Res Methodol 2023 May 25; 23(1):128. doi: 10.1186/s12874-023-01938-0..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Research Methodologies, Health Services Research (HSR)
Jaramillo ET, Willging CE, Saldana L
Barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence-based interventions in the context of a randomized clinical trial in the United States: a qualitative study.
This study examined factors that facilitate or impede success in the implementation of evidence-based interventions in a clinical trial. This study utilized the clinical trial SafeCare®, a child maltreatment intervention. Qualitative data were obtained between May and October 2017 as part of a larger mixed-methods study involving a cluster randomized trial comparing SafeCare to usual services for caregivers within nine child welfare agencies across four states. Individual interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 21 child welfare administrators and 24 supervisors, and 19 focus groups were conducted with 84 providers. Facilitators and barriers were determined with facilitators including: 1) Benefits afforded through RCT participation; (2) Shared vision and sustained buy-in across system and organizational levels; and (3) Ongoing leadership support for SafeCare and the RCT. The three barriers identified that hindered SafeCare were: (1) Insufficient preparation to incorporate SafeCare into services; (2) Perceived lack of fit, leading to mixed support for SafeCare and the RCT; and (3) Requirements of RCT participation at the provider level.
AHRQ-funded; HS023370.
Citation: Jaramillo ET, Willging CE, Saldana L .
Barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence-based interventions in the context of a randomized clinical trial in the United States: a qualitative study.
BMC Health Serv Res 2023 Jan 26; 23(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-09079-2..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Health Services Research (HSR)