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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Access to Care (1)
- Alcohol Use (3)
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- Case Study (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 13 of 13 Research Studies DisplayedMills J, Wonoprabowo L
AHRQ Author: Mills J
Primary care-based interventions to prevent illicit drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults.
This case study concerns a 14-year-old patient who presents for a well-child visit. The patient eats a healthy diet, is part of a local soccer league, is an overall good student, and just started high school in the fall. The patient denies trying any illicit substances but reports trying to “get high” from cough syrup. Three questions are presented, and answers provided.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mills J, Wonoprabowo L .
Primary care-based interventions to prevent illicit drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults.
Am Fam Physician 2020 Oct 15;102(8):493-94..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Substance Abuse, Primary Care, Prevention, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Case Study, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice
Friedman AS, Xu S
Associations of flavored e-cigarette uptake with subsequent smoking initiation and cessation.
Researchers evaluated whether new uptake of flavored e-cigarettes is more strongly associated with subsequent smoking initiation and cessation than uptake of unflavored e-cigarettes for youths, emerging adults, and prime-age adults. The cohort study conducted secondary data analyses of survey data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. The researchers found that vaping uptake was positively associated with smoking initiation in youth and in emerging adults, while vaping uptake was associated with cessation in adults. Additionally, vaping nontobacco flavors was no more associated with youth smoking initiation than vaping tobacco-flavors but was associated with increased adult smoking cessation. They recommended more research to establish the relationship between e-cigarette flavors and smoking and to guide related policy.
AHRQ-funded; HS017589.
Citation: Friedman AS, Xu S .
Associations of flavored e-cigarette uptake with subsequent smoking initiation and cessation.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Jun;3(6):e203826. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3826..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Tobacco Use: Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use, Substance Abuse
O'Connor E, Thomas R, Senger CA
Interventions to prevent illicit and nonmedical drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The authors reviewed the benefits and harms of interventions to prevent illicit and nonmedical drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. They found that the evidence for behavioral counseling interventions to prevent initiation of illicit and nonmedical drug use among adolescents and young adults was inconsistent and imprecise, with some interventions associated with reduction in use and others associated with no benefit or increased use. Health, social, and legal outcomes were sparsely reported, and few showed improvements.
AHRQ-funded; 2902015000017I.
Citation: O'Connor E, Thomas R, Senger CA .
Interventions to prevent illicit and nonmedical drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2020 May 26;323(20):2067-79. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1432..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Substance Abuse, Primary Care, Prevention, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice
Chen YT, Issema RS, Khanna AS
Prescription opioid use in a population-based sample of young black men who have sex with men: a longitudinal cohort study.
This study’s aim was to examine the prevalence and both individual and network characteristics of prescription opioid use (POU) among young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). A total of 514 YBMSM ages 16-29 in Chicago were surveyed from 2013 to 2016. Approximately 4.2% YBMSM reported POU in the past 12 months. Young men with a criminal history, experiencing violence, or using any illicit drug other than marijuana in the past 12 months, or engaging in condomless anal sex with their named sexual partners were more likely to report POU. The presence of a mother figure was associated with a decreased risk of POU.
AHRQ-funded; HS022433.
Citation: Chen YT, Issema RS, Khanna AS .
Prescription opioid use in a population-based sample of young black men who have sex with men: a longitudinal cohort study.
Subst Use Misuse 2019;54(12):1991-2000. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1625400..
Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Substance Abuse, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Young Adults
Kazemi DM, Borsari B, Levine MJ
Real-time demonstration of a mHealth app designed to reduce college students hazardous drinking.
The authors developed a smartphone application (SmarTrek) that targets college students and aims to reduce risky alcohol use. They found that the majority of participants agreed that SmarTrek was easy to use and that the information provided was useful and had a positive effect on decreasing their drinking.
AHRQ-funded; HS023875.
Citation: Kazemi DM, Borsari B, Levine MJ .
Real-time demonstration of a mHealth app designed to reduce college students hazardous drinking.
Psychol Serv 2019 May;16(2):255-59. doi: 10.1037/ser0000310..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Behavioral Health, Lifestyle Changes, Health Information Technology (HIT), Substance Abuse, Telehealth, Young Adults
Marshall BDL, Green TC, Elston B
The effectiveness of internet- and field-based methods to recruit young adults who use prescription opioids nonmedically.
This study researched the effectiveness of field- and Internet-based methods to recruit young adults who are nonmedical prescription opioid (NMPO) users into intervention and treatment. Data was analyzed from the Rhode Island Young Adult Prescription Drug Study (RAPiDS). Internet-based recruitment was more successful (60.1%). Out of 198 eligible participants, median age was 25, and the majority were male, white, and resided in an urban area. Field-based recruited participants were more likely to be homeless, have been incarcerated and engage in daily NMPO use.
AHRQ-funded; HS024021.
Citation: Marshall BDL, Green TC, Elston B .
The effectiveness of internet- and field-based methods to recruit young adults who use prescription opioids nonmedically.
Subst Use Misuse 2018 Aug 24;53(10):1688-99. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1425725.
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Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Medication, Opioids, Substance Abuse, Young Adults
Ross MM, Arria AM, Brown JP
College students' perceived benefit-to-risk tradeoffs for nonmedical use of prescription stimulants: implications for intervention designs.
This study examined the variation in college students' perceived risks and benefits for nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NPS). The study findings identified subgroups of college NPS users that could have vastly different trajectories in terms of future drug use and college performance. The authors assert that given this heterogeneity among students regarding perceived risks and benefits of NPS, interventions should be designed to assess motives and provide personalized feedback.
AHRQ-funded; HS022135.
Citation: Ross MM, Arria AM, Brown JP .
College students' perceived benefit-to-risk tradeoffs for nonmedical use of prescription stimulants: implications for intervention designs.
Addict Behav 2018 Apr;79:45-51. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.12.002..
Keywords: Medication, Substance Abuse, Young Adults
Kazemi DM, Borsari B, Levine MJ
A systematic review of the mhealth interventions to prevent alcohol and substance abuse.
This systematic review evaluated the recent body of research on mHealth-based interventions for substance use, with aims of (a) examining the functionality and effectiveness of these interventions, (b) evaluating the available research on the effectiveness of these interventions for substance use, and (c) evaluating the design, methodology, results, theoretical grounding, limitations, and implications of each study.
AHRQ-funded; HS023875.
Citation: Kazemi DM, Borsari B, Levine MJ .
A systematic review of the mhealth interventions to prevent alcohol and substance abuse.
J Health Commun 2017 May;22(5):413-32. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2017.1303556.
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Keywords: Alcohol Use, Prevention, Substance Abuse, Telehealth, Young Adults
Macmadu A, Carroll JJ, Hadland SE
Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl-contaminated heroin exposure among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically.
Researchers examined risk factors for exposure to fentanyl-contaminated heroin (FCH) and experiences with FCH use among young adult non-medical prescription opioids (NMPO) users. Several drug use patterns and risk behaviors were associated with FCH exposure, including: regular heroin and cocaine use; diverted pharmaceutical fentanyl use in the prior six months; NMPO use to avoid withdrawal symptoms; regular injection drug use; and prior overdose.
AHRQ-funded; HS024021.
Citation: Macmadu A, Carroll JJ, Hadland SE .
Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl-contaminated heroin exposure among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically.
Addict Behav 2017 May;68:35-38. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.014.
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Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Risk, Substance Abuse, Young Adults
Bradley KA, Lapham GT
Is it time for a more ambitious research agenda for decreasing alcohol-related harm among young adults?
The authors commented that brief motivational interviewing-based interventions could probably impact drinking at the population level. They noted that there is a critical need to develop and test more effective interventions and recommended that the public health approach to preventing alcohol-related harm among young adults include known effective approaches, including those that decrease alcohol use by reducing the availability of alcohol.
AHRQ-funded; HS023173.
Citation: Bradley KA, Lapham GT .
Is it time for a more ambitious research agenda for decreasing alcohol-related harm among young adults?
Addiction 2016 Sep;111(9):1531-2. doi: 10.1111/add.13235.
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Keywords: Alcohol Use, Lifestyle Changes, Prevention, Substance Abuse, Young Adults
Wisk LE, Weitzman ER
Substance use patterns through early adulthood: results for youth with and without chronic conditions.
As there have been no nationally representative studies of substance use during this period for these medically vulnerable youth, the authors examined onset and intensification of these behaviors for a national sample of youth with and without chronic conditions. Youth with chronic medical conditions (YCMC) were more likely to engage in any and heavier substance use; transition years and early adulthood were periods of peak risk for YCMC compared with their healthy peers.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Wisk LE, Weitzman ER .
Substance use patterns through early adulthood: results for youth with and without chronic conditions.
Am J Prev Med 2016 Jul;51(1):33-45. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.01.029.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Children/Adolescents, Chronic Conditions, Substance Abuse, Young Adults
Gibbs EL, Kass AE, Eichen DM
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-specific stimulant misuse, mood, anxiety, and stress in college-age women at high risk for or with eating disorders.
The researchers examined the misuse of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-specific stimulants in a college population at high risk for or with clinical or subclinical eating disorders. They found that ADHD-specific stimulant misuse is associated with eating disorder and comorbid pathology among such individuals, recommending that screening for stimulant misuse and eating disorder pathology may improve identification of college-age women who may be engaging in maladaptive behaviors and inform prevention efforts.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Gibbs EL, Kass AE, Eichen DM .
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-specific stimulant misuse, mood, anxiety, and stress in college-age women at high risk for or with eating disorders.
J Am Coll Health 2016 May-Jun;64(4):300-8. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2016.1138477.
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Keywords: Education: Academic, Behavioral Health, Medication, Substance Abuse, Young Adults
Saloner B, Le Cook B
An ACA provision increased treatment for young adults with possible mental illnesses relative to comparison group.
The researchers examined the impact of the ACA dependent coverage provision on people ages 18-25 with possible mental health or substance use disorders. They found that after implementation of the ACA provision, among people ages 18-25 with possible mental health disorders, mental health treatment increased by 5.3 percentage points relative to a comparison group of similar people ages 26-35. For those using mental health treatment, uninsured visits declined by 12.4 percentage points, and visits paid by private insurance increased by 12.9 percentage points.
AHRQ-funded; HS021486.
Citation: Saloner B, Le Cook B .
An ACA provision increased treatment for young adults with possible mental illnesses relative to comparison group.
Health Aff 2014 Aug;33(8):1425-34. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0214.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Health Insurance, Behavioral Health, Substance Abuse, Young Adults