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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
376 to 400 of 419 Research Studies DisplayedCottrell EK, Whitlock EP, Kato E
AHRQ Author: Kato E
Defining the benefits and challenges of stakeholder engagement in systematic reviews.
The researchers examined the following questions: 1) what are the expected benefits of involving stakeholders in systematic reviews, and 2) what are the perceived challenges of involving stakeholders in systematic reviews? Using a literature scan and series of key informant interviews, they identified expected benefits such as establishing credibility and anticipating controversy. Challenges included time, training, resources and finding the right people.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201200004C
Citation: Cottrell EK, Whitlock EP, Kato E .
Defining the benefits and challenges of stakeholder engagement in systematic reviews.
Comp Eff Rev. 2015 Apr;5:13-19..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Whicher D, Kass N, Saghai Y
The views of quality improvement professionals and comparative effectiveness researchers on ethics, IRBs, and oversight.
The authors conducted a series of semi-structured focus groups with quality improvement (QI) and comparative effectiveness research (CER) professionals to understand their experiences and views of the ethical and regulatory challenges that exist. They found that most participants have experienced challenges related to the ethical oversight of QI and CER activities, and many believe that current regulatory criteria for distinguishing clinical practice from clinical research requiring ethical oversight are confusing.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Whicher D, Kass N, Saghai Y .
The views of quality improvement professionals and comparative effectiveness researchers on ethics, IRBs, and oversight.
J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2015 Apr;10(2):132-44. doi: 10.1177/1556264615571558.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Healthcare Delivery, Quality Improvement, Research Methodologies
Holzer J, Kass N
Understanding the supports of and challenges to community engagement in the CTSAs.
The researchers sought to understand the supports and challenges experienced by multiple Clinical and Translational Science Awards programs as they pursued community engagement. The interviews identified three support themes, including: funding, existing relationships with communities, and leadership and a partnership approach at the institution. Six challenge themes arose: need for capacity development, lack of positive relationships with communities, lack of leadership, funding constraints, time and staff constraints, and unsustainable models.
AHRQ-funded; HS017589.
Citation: Holzer J, Kass N .
Understanding the supports of and challenges to community engagement in the CTSAs.
Clin Transl Sci 2015 Apr;8(2):116-22. doi: 10.1111/cts.12205..
Keywords: Community Partnerships, Community-Based Practice, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Heerman WJ, White RO, Barkin SL
Advancing informed consent for vulnerable populations.
The authors suggest an innovative approach that uses low health-literacy communication strategies and visual aids to augment and potentially replace the traditional approach to informed consent. This approach involves: (1) the use of effective health communication and low-literacy techniques, (2) the use of visual aids and graphics to promote understanding and guide the reader toward key study concepts, and (3) careful attention to child dissenting behaviors.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Heerman WJ, White RO, Barkin SL .
Advancing informed consent for vulnerable populations.
Pediatrics 2015 Mar;135(3):e562-4. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-3041..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Communication, Health Literacy, Obesity, Research Methodologies
Brouwer ES, Moga DC, Eron JJ
Evaluating the incident user design in the HIV population: incident use versus naive?
Through linkage to a comprehensive HIV clinical cohort, the researchers aimed to quantify and describe the truly naïve patients in an incident use population identified in Medicaid administrative claims. In their sample, they found that 34 percent of the Medicaid incident users were naïve based on medical record abstraction of antiretroviral use.
AHRQ-funded; HS018731.
Citation: Brouwer ES, Moga DC, Eron JJ .
Evaluating the incident user design in the HIV population: incident use versus naive?
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015 Mar;24(3):297-300. doi: 10.1002/pds.3705..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Research Methodologies, Comparative Effectiveness, Data, Medicaid
Neugebauer R, Schmittdiel JA, Zhu Z
High-dimensional propensity score algorithm in comparative effectiveness research with time-varying interventions.
The authors described the application and performance of the hdPS algorithm to improve covariate selection in CER with time-varying interventions based on inverse probability weighting estimation and explored stabilization of the resulting estimates using Super Learning. Their evaluation was based on both the analysis of electronic health records data in a real-world CER study of adults with type 2 diabetes and a simulation study.
AHRQ-funded; 29020050016I.
Citation: Neugebauer R, Schmittdiel JA, Zhu Z .
High-dimensional propensity score algorithm in comparative effectiveness research with time-varying interventions.
Stat Med 2015 Feb 28;34(5):753-81. doi: 10.1002/sim.6377..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Data, Research Methodologies
Li T, Vedula SS, Hadar N
Innovations in data collection, management, and archiving for systematic reviews.
The authors provide a step-by-step tutorial for collecting, managing, and archiving data for systematic reviews and suggest steps for developing rigorous data collection forms in the Systematic Review Data Repository to facilitate implementation of the methodological standards and expectations of the Institute of Medicine and other organizations.
AHRQ-funded; 290200710055I; 290201200012I.
Citation: Li T, Vedula SS, Hadar N .
Innovations in data collection, management, and archiving for systematic reviews.
Ann Intern Med. 2015 Feb 17;162(4):287-94. doi: 10.7326/M14-1603..
Keywords: Data, Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes, Research Methodologies
Chen Y, Hong C, Riley RD
An alternative pseudolikelihood method for multivariate random-effects meta-analysis.
This paper describes the standard likelihood inferences for multivariate meta-analysis (MMA) and the proposed pseudolikelihood method. The authors next extend the proposed method to the missing data situation where only a proportion of studies have all outcomes reported. They then conduct simulation studies to compare the proposed method with the current methods and investigate the prevalence of singular covariance matrix problems, bias, coverage probability (CP), and relative efficiency (RE). Finally, they apply the proposed method to three meta-analyses.
AHRQ-funded; HS022900.
Citation: Chen Y, Hong C, Riley RD .
An alternative pseudolikelihood method for multivariate random-effects meta-analysis.
Stat Med 2015 Feb 10;34(3):361-80. doi: 10.1002/sim.6350..
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Health Services Research (HSR)
DeFrank JT, Barclay C, Sheridan S
The psychological harms of screening: the evidence we have versus the evidence we need.
The study’s purpose was to understand the extent of evidence on psychological harms. The researchers reviewed 68 studies and developed an evidence map that quantifies the distribution of evidence on psychological harms for five adult screening services. They found that the evidence for psychological harms of screening is inadequate in number of studies and in research design and measures.
AHRQ-funded; HS021133.
Citation: DeFrank JT, Barclay C, Sheridan S .
The psychological harms of screening: the evidence we have versus the evidence we need.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Feb;30(2):242-8. doi: 10.1007/s11606-014-2996-5..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Evidence-Based Practice, Research Methodologies
Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M
Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation.
The PRISMA-P checklist contains 17 items considered to be essential and minimum components of a systematic review or meta-analysis protocol. This PRISMA-P 2015 Explanation and Elaboration paper provides readers with a full understanding of and evidence about the necessity of each item as well as a model example from an existing published protocol. This paper should be read together with the PRISMA-P 2015 statement.
AHRQ-funded; 290200710059I.
Citation: Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M .
Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation.
BMJ 2015 Jan 2;349:g7647. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g7647..
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Health Services Research (HSR), Evidence-Based Practice
Abramson RG, Burton KR, Yu JP
Methods and challenges in quantitative imaging biomarker development.
In this article, the Association of University Radiologists Radiology Research Alliance Quantitative Imaging Task Force reviews current issues in quantitative imaging (QI) biomarker research, discusses motivations for advancing QI, defines key terms, presents a framework for QI biomarker research, and outlines challenges in QI biomarker development.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200007I.
Citation: Abramson RG, Burton KR, Yu JP .
Methods and challenges in quantitative imaging biomarker development.
Acad Radiol 2015 Jan;22(1):25-32. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2014.09.001.
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Keywords: Imaging, Quality Improvement, Research Methodologies
Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M
Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement.
The aim of PRISMA-P 2015 is to improve the quality of systematic review protocols, similar to the impact achieved by other reporting guidelines. PRISMA-P consists of a 17-item checklist intended to facilitate the preparation and reporting of a robust protocol for the systematic review. This Statement paper summarizes the development of the guideline and presents the PRISMA-P checklist.
AHRQ-funded; 290200710059I.
Citation: Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M .
Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement.
Syst Rev 2015 Jan 1;4:1. doi: 10.1186/2046-4053-4-1..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Research Methodologies, Guidelines
Roberts AW, Dusetzina SB, Farley JF
Revisiting the washout period in the incident user study design: why 6-12 months may not be sufficient.
The purpose of this study was to describe how washout period duration affects the size and accuracy of retrospective incident user cohorts. It found that the 6- and 12-month washouts excluded 75 and 85% of the samples, respectively. Half of subjects in the 6-month washout cohorts were actually prevalent users, and the 12-month washout period resulted in 30% misclassified.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Roberts AW, Dusetzina SB, Farley JF .
Revisiting the washout period in the incident user study design: why 6-12 months may not be sufficient.
J Comp Eff Res 2015 Jan;4(1):27-35. doi: 10.2217/cer.14.53..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Research Methodologies
Gerber DE, Pruitt SL, Halm EA
Should criteria for inclusion in cancer clinical trials be expanded?
The authors argue that the time is right to take a more evidence-based approach to assessing the validity of many traditional exclusion criteria for cancer clinical trials. Furthermore, for investigators, it is critically important that their selection of inclusion and exclusion criteria be thoughtful, deliberate and justified. To accomplish this, they will need to use an array of methodological approaches to assess their validity and impact.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Gerber DE, Pruitt SL, Halm EA .
Should criteria for inclusion in cancer clinical trials be expanded?
J Comp Eff Res 2015;4(4):289-91. doi: 10.2217/cer.15.27..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Research Methodologies, Cancer, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Fleurence R, Whicher D, Dunham K
The Patient-centered Outcomes Research Institute's role in advancing methods for Patient-centered Outcomes Research.
The authors described PCORI’s legislatively mandated Methodology Committee and its Methodology Report; discussed PCORI’s current slate of CER methods projects; and shared some initial thoughts about future areas where further methods development is needed.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Fleurence R, Whicher D, Dunham K .
The Patient-centered Outcomes Research Institute's role in advancing methods for Patient-centered Outcomes Research.
Med Care 2015 Jan;53(1):2-8. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000244.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Grijalva CG, Roumie CL, Murff HJ
The role of matching when adjusting for baseline differences in the outcome variable of comparative effectiveness studies.
The aim of this study was to evaluate performance of analytical strategies commonly used to adjust for baseline differences in continuous outcome variables for comparative effectiveness studies. It found that with increasing HbA1c baseline differences between groups, bias in effect estimates and suboptimal confidence interval coverage probabilities increased in all approaches. These issues were further compounded by measurement error. Matching on baseline HbA1c, substantially mitigated these issues.
AHRQ-funded; 2902010000161.
Citation: Grijalva CG, Roumie CL, Murff HJ .
The role of matching when adjusting for baseline differences in the outcome variable of comparative effectiveness studies.
J Comp Eff Res 2015;4(4):341-9. doi: 10.2217/cer.15.16..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Research Methodologies, Diabetes
Kozlowski SWJ, Chao GT, Chang C-H
https://www.routledge.com/Big-Data-at-Work-The-Data-Science-Revolution-and-Organizational-Psychology/Tonidandel-King-Cortina/p/book/9781848725829
Using big data to advance the science of team effectiveness.
The authors discuss the longstanding treatment of team processes as static constructs rather than as dynamic processes per se. They then highlight research design issues that need to be considered in any effort to directly observe, assess, and capture teamwork process dynamics. Finally, they explain how researchers can directly assess and capture team process dynamics using illustrations from three ongoing projects.
AHRQ-funded; HS020295; HS022458.
Citation: Kozlowski SWJ, Chao GT, Chang C-H .
Using big data to advance the science of team effectiveness.
In: Tonidandel S, King E, Cortina J, editors. Big Data at Work: The Data Science Revolution and Organizational Psychology. New York: Routledge; 2015. p. 272-309, chapter 10..
Keywords: Teams, Research Methodologies, Data
Boland MR, Rusanov A, So Y
From expert-derived user needs to user-perceived ease of use and usefulness: a two-phase mixed-methods evaluation framework.
This paper presents a two-phase evaluation framework involving usability experts (phase 1) and end-users (phase 2). In phase 1, a cross-system functionality alignment between expert-derived user needs and system functions was performed to inform the choice of ‘‘the best available’’ comparison system to enable a cognitive walkthrough in phase 1 and a comparative effectiveness evaluation in phase 2.
AHRQ-funded; HS019853.
Citation: Boland MR, Rusanov A, So Y .
From expert-derived user needs to user-perceived ease of use and usefulness: a two-phase mixed-methods evaluation framework.
J Biomed Inform 2014 Dec;52:141-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2013.12.004..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Research Methodologies
Viswanathan M, Carey TS, Belinson SE
AHRQ Author: Berliner E, Chang SM
A proposed approach may help systematic reviews retain needed expertise while minimizing bias from nonfinancial conflicts of interest.
The researchers sought to create practical guidance on ensuring adequate clinical or content expertise while maintaining independence of judgment on systematic review teams. They discussed their approach and concluded that the feasibility and utility of this approach to ensuring needed expertise on systematic reviews and minimizing bias from nonfinancial conflicts of interest must be investigated.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Viswanathan M, Carey TS, Belinson SE .
A proposed approach may help systematic reviews retain needed expertise while minimizing bias from nonfinancial conflicts of interest.
J Clin Epidemiol 2014 Nov;67(11):1229-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.02.023.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Research Methodologies
Guise JM, Chang C, Viswanathan M
AHRQ Author: Chang C, Berliner E
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center methods for systematically reviewing complex multicomponent health care interventions.
The purpose of this AHRQ EPC methods white paper was to outline approaches to conducting systematic reviews of complex multicomponent health care interventions. It provided a framework for synthesizing studies of multicomponent interventions and also provided an initial list of critical reporting elements for such studies in order to help systematic reviewers understand the options and tradeoffs available for such reviews.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201200010I; 290201200012I; 290201200011I; 290201200015I; 290201200008I; 290201200004C.
Citation: Guise JM, Chang C, Viswanathan M .
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center methods for systematically reviewing complex multicomponent health care interventions.
J Clin Epidemiol 2014 Nov;67(11):1181-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.06.010.
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Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Healthcare Delivery, Health Services Research (HSR), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Jalbert JJ, Ritchey ME, Mi X
Methodological considerations in observational comparative effectiveness research for implantable medical devices: an epidemiologic perspective.
This article discusses some of the most salient issues encountered in conducting comparative effectiveness research on implantable devices. Included in this discussion are special methodological considerations regarding the use of data sources, exposure and outcome definitions, timing of exposure, and sources of bias.
AHRQ-funded; 29020050016; HS017731
Citation: Jalbert JJ, Ritchey ME, Mi X .
Methodological considerations in observational comparative effectiveness research for implantable medical devices: an epidemiologic perspective.
Am J Epidemiol. 2014 Nov 1;180(9):949-58. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwu206..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Research Methodologies, Data
Carayon P, Li Y, Kelly MM
Stimulated recall methodology for assessing work system barriers and facilitators in family-centered rounds in a pediatric hospital.
In this study, the researchers implemented and evaluated the use of a stimulated recall methodology for collective confrontation in the context of family-centered rounds (FCRs). They concluded that their study demonstrated the value of the stimulated recall methodology to identify a range of work system factors that either positively or negatively influence family engagement during FCRs.
AHRQ-funded; HS018680.
Citation: Carayon P, Li Y, Kelly MM .
Stimulated recall methodology for assessing work system barriers and facilitators in family-centered rounds in a pediatric hospital.
Appl Ergon 2014 Nov;45(6):1540-6. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2014.05.001..
Keywords: Hospitals, Children/Adolescents, Teams, Research Methodologies
Valdez RS, Guterbock TM, Thompson MJ
Beyond traditional advertisements: leveraging Facebook's social structures for research recruitment.
This study aimed to develop and assess the feasibility, benefits, and challenges of recruiting for research studies related to consumer health information technology (IT) by leveraging the social structures embedded in the social networking platform, Facebook. It demonstrated that leveraging the social structures of Facebook for health-related research was feasible for obtaining small samples appropriate for qualitative research but not for obtaining large samples needed for quantitative research.
AHRQ-funded; HS022930.
Citation: Valdez RS, Guterbock TM, Thompson MJ .
Beyond traditional advertisements: leveraging Facebook's social structures for research recruitment.
J Med Internet Res 2014 Oct 27;16(10):e243. doi: 10.2196/jmir.3786..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Social Media, Research Methodologies
Cook EA, Schneider KM, Robinson J
Field methods in medical record abstraction: assessing the properties of comparative effectiveness estimates.
Comparative effectiveness studies using Medicare claims data are vulnerable to treatment selection biases and supplemental data from a sample of patients has been recommended for examining the magnitude of this bias. The investigators collected medical record data from a subsample of patients to assess the validity of assumptions and to aid in the interpretation of our estimates. In this paper, they sought to describe and document the process used to collect and validate this supplemental information.
AHRQ-funded; HS018381.
Citation: Cook EA, Schneider KM, Robinson J .
Field methods in medical record abstraction: assessing the properties of comparative effectiveness estimates.
BMC Health Serv Res 2014 Sep 15;14:391. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-14-391..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Medicare, Evidence-Based Practice, Research Methodologies
Jaana M, Vartak S, Ward MM
Evidence-based health care management: what is the research evidence available for health care managers?
The authors conducted a scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to determine the availability and accessibility of evidence for health care managers. They found that 96.5% of their search results were not on target, and they suggested a better classification within PubMed to increase the accessibility of meaningful resources and to facilitate evidence retrieval. They recommended that health care journals take initiatives encouraging the publication of reviews in relevant management areas.
AHRQ-funded; HS018396.
Citation: Jaana M, Vartak S, Ward MM .
Evidence-based health care management: what is the research evidence available for health care managers?
Eval Health Prof 2014 Sep;37(3):314-34. doi: 10.1177/0163278713511325.
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Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies