National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Adverse Events (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Behavioral Health (1)
- Blood Clots (1)
- Blood Pressure (1)
- Blood Thinners (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (4)
- Comparative Effectiveness (3)
- Disparities (1)
- Elderly (2)
- Evidence-Based Practice (6)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (3)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Injuries and Wounds (2)
- Inpatient Care (1)
- Long-Term Care (1)
- (-) Medication (9)
- Mortality (1)
- Neurological Disorders (1)
- Nursing Homes (2)
- Osteoporosis (1)
- (-) Outcomes (9)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (9)
- Patient Safety (1)
- (-) Prevention (9)
- Registries (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Stroke (1)
- Surgery (2)
- Transplantation (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 9 of 9 Research Studies DisplayedPennington KM, Dykhoff HJ, Yao X
The impact of antifungal prophylaxis in lung transplant recipients.
This study evaluated the effect of antifungal prophylaxis on all-cause mortality and invasive fungal infections (IFI) on lung transplant recipients. Administrative claims data was used to identify adult patients who underwent lung transplantation between 2005 and 2018. The authors identified 662 lung transplant recipients. All-cause mortality was found to be significantly lower in those receiving antifungal prophylaxis compared to those who did not. Patients receiving antifungal prophylaxis also had a lower rate of IFI, but it was not statistically significant.
AHRQ-funded; HS025164; HS025402; HS025517; HS024075.
Citation: Pennington KM, Dykhoff HJ, Yao X .
The impact of antifungal prophylaxis in lung transplant recipients.
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021 Mar;18(3):468-76. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202003-267OC..
Keywords: Transplantation, Surgery, Medication, Prevention, Respiratory Conditions, Mortality, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Zullo AR, Ofori-Asenso R, Wood M
Effects of statins for secondary prevention on functioning and other outcomes among nursing home residents.
Studies examining the effects of statins after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) excluded frail older adults, especially nursing home (NH) residents, and few examined functional outcomes. Older NH residents may benefit less from statins and be particularly susceptible to adverse drug events like myopathy-related functional decline. In this retrospective cohort study, the investigators evaluated the effects of statins on 1-year functional decline, rehospitalization, and death in NH residents.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Zullo AR, Ofori-Asenso R, Wood M .
Effects of statins for secondary prevention on functioning and other outcomes among nursing home residents.
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020 Apr;21(4):500-07.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.01.102..
Keywords: Elderly, Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Medication, Prevention, Outcomes, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Oh ES, Needham DM, Nikooie R
Antipsychotics for preventing delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review.
The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review evaluating the benefits and harms of antipsychotics to treat delirium in adults. Results showed that there was little evidence demonstrating neurologic harms associated with short-term use of antipsychotics for treating delirium in adult inpatients, but potentially harmful cardiac effects tended to occur more frequently. Current evidence does not support routine use of haloperidol or second-generation antipsychotics to treat delirium in adult inpatients.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500006I.
Citation: Oh ES, Needham DM, Nikooie R .
Antipsychotics for preventing delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2019 Oct 1;171(7):474-84. doi: 10.7326/m19-1859..
Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Medication, Hospitalization, Inpatient Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness, Behavioral Health, Prevention
Shahu A, Herrin J, Dhruva SS
Disparities in socioeconomic context and association with blood pressure control and cardiovascular outcomes in ALLHAT.
This study used data from the randomized clinical trial ALLHAT (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial) to study the effect of socioeconomics and blood pressure control and cardiovascular outcomes. The study sites were stratified by their county-level median household income into income quintiles. The lowest income sites (quintile 1) were most likely to be women, black or Hispanic, have less education, to live in the South and to have fewer cardiovascular risk factors. Despite standardized treatment protocols, quintile 1 participants were less likely to have blood pressure control, and all greater all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalizations/mortality and end-stage renal disease than the highest income participants (quintile 5).
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Shahu A, Herrin J, Dhruva SS .
Disparities in socioeconomic context and association with blood pressure control and cardiovascular outcomes in ALLHAT.
J Am Heart Assoc 2019 Aug 6;8(15):e012277. doi: 10.1161/jaha.119.012277..
Keywords: Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Conditions, Disparities, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Medication, Prevention, Outcomes
Fink HA, MacDonald R, Forte ML
Long-term drug therapy and drug discontinuations and holidays for osteoporosis fracture prevention: a systematic review.
Optimal long-term osteoporosis drug treatment (ODT) is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to summarize the effects of long-term ODT and ODT discontinuation and holidays. The investigators concluded that: long-term alendronate and zoledronic acid therapies reduce fracture risk in women with osteoporosis; long-term bisphosphonate treatment may increase risk for rare adverse events, and continuing treatment beyond 3 to 5 years may reduce risk for vertebral fractures; and long-term hormone therapy reduces hip fracture risks but has serious harms.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500008I.
Citation: Fink HA, MacDonald R, Forte ML .
Long-term drug therapy and drug discontinuations and holidays for osteoporosis fracture prevention: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2019 Jul 2;171(1):37-50. doi: 10.7326/m19-0533.
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Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Injuries and Wounds, Medication, Osteoporosis, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention
Zullo AR, Mogul A, Corsi K
Association between secondary prevention medication use and outcomes in frail older adults after acute myocardial infarction.
In order to examine the effect of using more guideline-recommended medications after myocardial infarction on mortality, rehospitalization, and functional decline in the frailest and oldest segment of long-stay nursing home residents, researchers conducted a retrospective cohort study of U.S. nursing home residents aged 65 years or older. Exposure was the number of secondary prevention medications initiated after myocardial infarction; outcomes were 90-day death, rehospitalization, or functional decline. The results of the study indicate that the use of more guideline-recommended medications after myocardial infarction was associated with decreased mortality in older, predominantly frail adults, but there was no difference in rehospitalization. Functional decline outcomes were discordant and the researchers note that this does not rule out an increased risk associated with more medication use.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Zullo AR, Mogul A, Corsi K .
Association between secondary prevention medication use and outcomes in frail older adults after acute myocardial infarction.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2019 Apr;12(4):e004942. doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.118.004942..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Heart Disease and Health, Medication, Nursing Homes, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention
Fudim M, Liu PR, Shrader P
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism in patients with atrial fibrillation: findings from the ORBIT-AF (Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation) registry.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) therapy may be beneficial to patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but little is known about their use in patients with AF and subsequent outcomes. In order to better understand MRA use and subsequent outcomes, the investigators performed a retrospective cohort study of the contemporary ORBIT-AF (Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation) registry.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Fudim M, Liu PR, Shrader P .
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism in patients with atrial fibrillation: findings from the ORBIT-AF (Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation) registry.
J Am Heart Assoc 2018 Apr 13;7(8). doi: 10.1161/jaha.117.007987..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Heart Disease and Health, Medication, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention, Registries, Stroke
Wang SV, Huybrechts KF, Fischer MA
Generalized boosted modeling to identify subgroups where effect of dabigatran versus warfarin may differ: an observational cohort study of patients with atrial fibrillation.
The purpose of this study was to explore generalized boosted modeling (GBM) as a method for identifying subgroups with greater benefit or harm with dabigatran versus warfarin for treatment of atrial fibrillation. The investigators concluded that dabigatran's superiority to warfarin at prevention of thromboembolism may be greater in secondary than primary prevention. They indicated that in practice, secondary prevention patients are more often treated with warfarin.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Wang SV, Huybrechts KF, Fischer MA .
Generalized boosted modeling to identify subgroups where effect of dabigatran versus warfarin may differ: an observational cohort study of patients with atrial fibrillation.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2018 Apr;27(4):383-90. doi: 10.1002/pds.4395..
Keywords: Blood Clots, Blood Thinners, Cardiovascular Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Heart Disease and Health, Medication, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention
Obremskey WT, Schmidt AH, O'Toole RV
A prospective randomized trial to assess oral versus intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of postoperative wound infection after extremity fractures (POvIV study).
The POvIV study is a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial to compare oral (PO) with intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy in patients with postoperative wound infections after extremity fractures. This study will be the largest prospective randomized trial to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of PO antibiotic use for treatment of postoperative wound infections. Results will inform clinician decisions on antibiotic delivery in patients with postoperative wound infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Obremskey WT, Schmidt AH, O'Toole RV .
A prospective randomized trial to assess oral versus intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of postoperative wound infection after extremity fractures (POvIV study).
J Orthop Trauma 2017 Apr;31 Suppl 1:S32-s38. doi: 10.1097/bot.0000000000000802.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Surgery, Injuries and Wounds, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Patient Safety, Adverse Events, Prevention, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes