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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- Adverse Events (1)
- Antibiotics (2)
- (-) Cancer (6)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (3)
- Cancer: Lung Cancer (1)
- Case Study (1)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Comparative Effectiveness (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (2)
- Guidelines (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (2)
- (-) Medication (6)
- Opioids (1)
- Pain (1)
- Practice Patterns (1)
- (-) Prevention (6)
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- Risk (1)
- Surgery (2)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (2)
- Women (2)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 6 of 6 Research Studies DisplayedWarren DK, Peacock KM, Nickel KB
Postdischarge prophylactic antibiotics following mastectomy with and without breast reconstruction.
The authors investigated factors associated with post-discharge prophylactic antibiotic use after mastectomy with and without immediate reconstruction and the impact on surgical-site infection (SSI). They found that anti-methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus antibiotics were associated with decreased risk of SSI for patients who had mastectomy only and those who had mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. They concluded that the high numbers needed to treat suggest that potential benefits of post-discharge antibiotics should be weighed against potential harms associated with antibiotic overuse.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Warren DK, Peacock KM, Nickel KB .
Postdischarge prophylactic antibiotics following mastectomy with and without breast reconstruction.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2022 Oct;43(10):1382-88. doi: 10.1017/ice.2021.400..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Medication, Surgery, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Prevention, Women, Practice Patterns
Brajcic BC, Ko CY, Liu JB
A NSQIP-based randomized clinical trial evaluating choice of prophylactic antibiotics for pancreaticoduodenectomy.
This paper describes the protocol for an upcoming multicenter randomized surgical trial to evaluate choice of prophylactic antibiotics for pancreaticoduodenectomy. The rationale and methodology of the trial evaluating piperacillin-tazobactam compared to cefoxitin for surgical site infection prevention is described. The study will utilize a clinical registry for data collection.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Brajcic BC, Ko CY, Liu JB .
A NSQIP-based randomized clinical trial evaluating choice of prophylactic antibiotics for pancreaticoduodenectomy.
J Surg Oncol 2021 May;123(6):1387-94. doi: 10.1002/jso.26402..
Keywords: Cancer, Antibiotics, Medication, Prevention, Surgery, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice
Brown TJ Keshvani, N Gupta, et al.
Rates of appropriate laxative prophylaxis for opioid-induced constipation in veterans with lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
This study examined trends in the use of laxatives for opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in patients prescribed opioids for cancer pain treatment. A retrospective study was conducted of lung cancer patients seen in the Veteran’s Affair system from 2003 to 2016. There were 130,990 individuals included in the analysis. The majority (87%) received no prophylaxis (75%) or received docusate alone while 5% received OIC prophylaxis with the unnecessary addition of docusate. Throughout the study period, laxative prescription significantly decreased while categories of OIC prophylaxis were unchanged. The study concluded that almost 90% received inadequate or inappropriate OIC prophylaxis.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Brown TJ Keshvani, N Gupta, et al..
Rates of appropriate laxative prophylaxis for opioid-induced constipation in veterans with lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
Support Care Cancer 2020 Nov;28(11):5315-21. doi: 10.1007/s00520-020-05364-6..
Keywords: Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Opioids, Medication, Prevention, Pain
Fan T, Fakolade A
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Medication use to reduce risk of breast cancer.
In this case study, a 40-year-old woman comes to her doctor’s office for a routine gynecologic visit. She is not taking any medications and is generally healthy. She is sexually active, and her last menstrual period started 10 days ago. She states that her mother was diagnosed with bilateral breast cancer at 49 years of age and that she would like to discuss her options for reducing the risk of breast cancer. Three questions are posed about risk-reducing medications.
AHRQ-authored
Citation: Fan T, Fakolade A .
Medication use to reduce risk of breast cancer.
Am Fam Physician 2020 Mar 15;101(6):373-74..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Medication, Risk, Prevention, Case Study, Women
Nelson HD, Fu R, Zakher B
Medication use for the risk reduction of primary breast cancer in women: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this paper was to update the 2013 US Preventive Services Task Force systematic review on medications to reduce risk of primary (first diagnosis) invasive breast cancer in women. Investigators abstracted data on methods, participant characteristics, eligibility criteria, outcome ascertainment, and follow-up; individual trial results were combined using a profile likelihood random-effects model. Results showed that tamoxifen, raloxifene, and aromatase inhibitors were associated with lower risk of primary invasive breast cancer in women but also were associated with adverse effects that differed between medications. Risk stratification methods to identify patients with increased breast cancer risk demonstrated low accuracy.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500009I.
Citation: Nelson HD, Fu R, Zakher B .
Medication use for the risk reduction of primary breast cancer in women: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2019 Sep 3;322(9):868-86. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.5780..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Medication, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Prevention, Primary Care
Freedman JL, Faerber JI, Kang TI
Predictors of antiemetic alteration in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.
The purpose of this study was to gain better knowledge of patient and cancer treatment factors associated with nausea/vomiting (NV) in order to enhance prophylaxis in children being treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It found that treatment-related NV, as evidenced by antiemetic alterations, is more prevalent with increasing age.
AHRQ-funded; HS018425
Citation: Freedman JL, Faerber JI, Kang TI .
Predictors of antiemetic alteration in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.
Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014 Oct;61(10):1798-805. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25108..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Cancer, Children/Adolescents, Medication, Prevention