National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (12)
- Adverse Events (12)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (2)
- Antibiotics (17)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (6)
- Behavioral Health (5)
- Blood Clots (6)
- Blood Pressure (2)
- Blood Thinners (5)
- Cancer (6)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (3)
- Cancer: Colorectal Cancer (1)
- Cancer: Lung Cancer (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (19)
- Care Management (1)
- Case Study (3)
- Children/Adolescents (5)
- Chronic Conditions (2)
- Clinical Decision Support (CDS) (1)
- Clinician-Patient Communication (1)
- Clostridium difficile Infections (2)
- Colonoscopy (1)
- Communication (1)
- Community-Based Practice (1)
- Comparative Effectiveness (7)
- Critical Care (1)
- Dementia (1)
- Dental and Oral Health (2)
- Diabetes (2)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (1)
- Digestive Disease and Health (2)
- Disparities (3)
- Education: Continuing Medical Education (1)
- Elderly (5)
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) (3)
- Emergency Department (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (19)
- Guidelines (7)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (11)
- Healthcare Costs (3)
- Healthcare Utilization (1)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (5)
- Heart Disease and Health (9)
- Hepatitis (1)
- Hospitalization (2)
- Hospitals (2)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (4)
- Imaging (1)
- Implementation (1)
- Infectious Diseases (3)
- Injuries and Wounds (4)
- Inpatient Care (2)
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (2)
- Kidney Disease and Health (3)
- Long-Term Care (1)
- Low-Income (1)
- Maternal Care (2)
- Medical Errors (3)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) (1)
- (-) Medication (89)
- Medication: Safety (10)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (2)
- Mortality (1)
- Neurological Disorders (2)
- Newborns/Infants (3)
- Nursing (1)
- Nursing Homes (3)
- Obesity (1)
- Opioids (8)
- Osteoporosis (1)
- Outcomes (9)
- Pain (2)
- Patient-Centered Healthcare (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (13)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (2)
- Patient and Family Engagement (1)
- Patient Safety (16)
- Patient Self-Management (1)
- Pneumonia (1)
- Practice Patterns (6)
- Pregnancy (3)
- (-) Prevention (89)
- Primary Care (2)
- Provider (3)
- Provider: Nurse (1)
- Provider: Pharmacist (4)
- Quality Improvement (1)
- Quality Indicators (QIs) (1)
- Quality of Care (2)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Registries (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (2)
- Risk (6)
- Screening (3)
- Shared Decision Making (7)
- Sickle Cell Disease (1)
- Stroke (3)
- Substance Abuse (8)
- Surgery (9)
- Telehealth (1)
- Tobacco Use (1)
- Tools & Toolkits (1)
- Transplantation (2)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (14)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (2)
- Web-Based (1)
- Women (6)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
76 to 89 of 89 Research Studies DisplayedGuirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Senger CA
Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
This is an update of a systematic review about the benefits of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in adults aged 40 years or older and to evaluate effect modification in subpopulations. It concluded that the beneficial effect of aspirin for the primary prevention of CVD is modest and also occurs at doses of 100 mg or less per day. Older adults seem to achieve a greater relative MI benefit.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200015.
Citation: Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Senger CA .
Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Jun 21;164(12):804-13. doi: 10.7326/m15-2113.
.
.
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Risk, Prevention
Wares JR, Lawson B, Shemin D
Evaluating infection prevention strategies in out-patient dialysis units using agent-based modeling.
The researchers hypothesized that targeting patients receiving antimicrobial treatment would more effectively reduce transmission and acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) and further that environmental contamination plays a role in the dissemination of MDRO in the dialysis unit. They found that reducing antimicrobial treatment markedly reduces overall colonization rates and also the levels of environmental contamination in the dialysis unit. They suggested that improving the environmental decontamination efficacy between patient dialysis treatments as an effective method for reducing colonization and contamination rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS021666.
Citation: Wares JR, Lawson B, Shemin D .
Evaluating infection prevention strategies in out-patient dialysis units using agent-based modeling.
PLoS One 2016 May 19;11(5):e0153820. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153820.
.
.
Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Prevention, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Infectious Diseases
Santos CA, Brennan DC, Saeed MJ
Pharmacoepidemiology of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in a large retrospective cohort of kidney transplant recipients with Medicare Part D coverage.
The researchers sought to determine real-world use of cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis. They found that variability in usage of prophylaxis among transplant centers was greater than variability within transplant centers. They concluded that limiting unnecessary use of CMV prophylaxis may decrease healthcare costs and drug-related harms.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Santos CA, Brennan DC, Saeed MJ .
Pharmacoepidemiology of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in a large retrospective cohort of kidney transplant recipients with Medicare Part D coverage.
Clin Transplant 2016 Apr;30(4):435-44. doi: 10.1111/ctr.12706.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Kidney Disease and Health, Medication, Prevention, Transplantation
Chrischilles EA, Schneider KM, Schroeder MC
Association between preadmission functional status and use and effectiveness of secondary prevention medications in elderly survivors of acute myocardial infarction.
The researchers sought to determine whether function-related indicators, derived from preadmission claims data, help explain the frequent practice of forgoing secondary prevention medications observed in Medicare. They found that greater impairment in preadmission functional status, using a measure derived from claims data, was associated with less use of secondary prevention medications after acute myocardial infarction.
AHRQ-funded; HS018381; HS019440.
Citation: Chrischilles EA, Schneider KM, Schroeder MC .
Association between preadmission functional status and use and effectiveness of secondary prevention medications in elderly survivors of acute myocardial infarction.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2016 Mar;64(3):526-35. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13953.
.
.
Keywords: Elderly, Prevention, Medication, Heart Disease and Health
Dauw CA, Yi Y, Bierlein MJ
Medication nonadherence and effectiveness of preventive pharmacological therapy for kidney stones.
To examine the impact that medication nonadherence has on the secondary prevention of kidney stones, the researchers compared clinical health outcomes between patients who adhered to their regimen and those who did not. They found that the frequency of emergency department visits, hospitalization and surgery for stone disease was significantly lower among adherent patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS020927.
Citation: Dauw CA, Yi Y, Bierlein MJ .
Medication nonadherence and effectiveness of preventive pharmacological therapy for kidney stones.
J Urol 2016 Mar;195(3):648-52. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.10.082.
.
.
Keywords: Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Kidney Disease and Health, Prevention
Patorno E, Wang SV, Schneeweiss S
Initiation patterns of statin therapy among adult patients undergoing intermediate to high-risk non-cardiac surgery.
The researchers examined patterns of perioperative statin initiation among adults undergoing non-cardiac elective surgery in the USA. They found that, despite the lack of robust evidence, perioperative statin initiation progressively increased from 2003 to 2012, particularly among patients undergoing major vascular surgery. They concluded that these trends were largely attributable to the initiation of statins in anticipation of non-cardiac surgery rather than routine dyslipidemia treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Patorno E, Wang SV, Schneeweiss S .
Initiation patterns of statin therapy among adult patients undergoing intermediate to high-risk non-cardiac surgery.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016 Jan;25(1):64-72. doi: 10.1002/pds.3892.
.
.
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Prevention, Surgery
Patnode CD, Henderson JT, Thompson JH
Behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco cessation in adults, including pregnant women: a review of reviews for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
The researchers reviewed the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions for tobacco cessation. They concluded that behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions improve rates of smoking cessation among the general adult population, alone or in combination. Data on the effectiveness and safety of electronic nicotine delivery systems are limited.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200015I.
Citation: Patnode CD, Henderson JT, Thompson JH .
Behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco cessation in adults, including pregnant women: a review of reviews for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Oct 20;163(8):608-21. doi: 10.7326/m15-0171..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Evidence-Based Practice, Medication, Pregnancy, Prevention, Tobacco Use, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Women
Hamilton KW, Gerber JS, Moehring R
Point-of-prescription interventions to improve antimicrobial stewardship.
The purpose of this review was to discuss interventions focusing on antimicrobial prescribing at the point of prescription as well as a pilot project to engage unit-based healthcare providers in antimicrobial stewardship.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Hamilton KW, Gerber JS, Moehring R .
Point-of-prescription interventions to improve antimicrobial stewardship.
Clin Infect Dis 2015 Apr 15;60(8):1252-8. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ018.
.
.
Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Infectious Diseases, Medication, Patient Safety, Prevention
Hwang CS, Chang HY, Alexander GC
Impact of abuse-deterrent OxyContin on prescription opioid utilization.
The researchers quantified the degree to which the August 2010 reformulation of abuse-deterrent OxyContin affected its use, as well as the use of alternative extended-release and immediate-release opioids. They found that the market debut of abuse-deterrent OxyContin was associated with declines in its use after accounting for the simultaneous contraction of the generic extended-release oxycodone market.
AHRQ-funded; HS018960.
Citation: Hwang CS, Chang HY, Alexander GC .
Impact of abuse-deterrent OxyContin on prescription opioid utilization.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015 Feb;24(2):197-204. doi: 10.1002/pds.3723.
.
.
Keywords: Medication, Opioids, Prevention, Substance Abuse
Wong A, Kraus PS, Lau BD
Patient preferences regarding pharmacologic venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.
The purpose of this study was to assess patient preferences regarding pharmacological venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. It found that a majority preferred an oral route of administration for prophylaxis. Also, patients preferring subcutaneous injections were less likely to refuse doses of ordered pharmacologic prophylaxis.
AHRQ-funded; HS017952.
Citation: Wong A, Kraus PS, Lau BD .
Patient preferences regarding pharmacologic venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.
J Hosp Med 2015 Feb;10(2):108-11. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2282..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Blood Clots, Medication, Prevention
Freedman JL, Faerber JI, Kang TI
Predictors of antiemetic alteration in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.
The purpose of this study was to gain better knowledge of patient and cancer treatment factors associated with nausea/vomiting (NV) in order to enhance prophylaxis in children being treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It found that treatment-related NV, as evidenced by antiemetic alterations, is more prevalent with increasing age.
AHRQ-funded; HS018425
Citation: Freedman JL, Faerber JI, Kang TI .
Predictors of antiemetic alteration in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.
Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014 Oct;61(10):1798-805. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25108..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Cancer, Children/Adolescents, Medication, Prevention
Goldsweig AM, Reid KJ, Gosch K
Contemporary use of dual antiplatelet therapy for preventing cardiovascular events.
The authors examined dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) use in contemporary clinical practice after publication of the results of the landmark randomized clinical trial CHARISMA. They found that use of DAPT is modest in patients with established cardiovascular disease, for whom the CHARISMA trial suggested decreased major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and prescription rates have remained stable over time; use of DAPT in patients with multiple risk factors only, for whom CHARISMA suggested that DAPT may lead to increased MACEs, was low and decreased over time.
AHRQ-funded; HS018781.
Citation: Goldsweig AM, Reid KJ, Gosch K .
Contemporary use of dual antiplatelet therapy for preventing cardiovascular events.
Am J Manag Care 2014 Aug;20(8):659-65.
.
.
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Prevention, Practice Patterns, Risk
Raebel MA, Ellis JL, Schroeder EB
Intensification of antihyperglycemic therapy among patients with incident diabetes: a Surveillance Prevention and Management of Diabetes Mellitus (SUPREME-DM) study.
The aim of this study was to characterize antihyperglycemic intensification during the first year after initiating oral antihyperglycemic therapy among adult patients with incident diabetes. The researchers found that 43.5 percent of patients with diabetes had treatment intensified within 1 year of starting antihyperglycemic medication. HbA1c of less than 7 percent was achieved in a very high proportion of patients (65.1 percent).
AHRQ-funded; HS019859
Citation: Raebel MA, Ellis JL, Schroeder EB .
Intensification of antihyperglycemic therapy among patients with incident diabetes: a Surveillance Prevention and Management of Diabetes Mellitus (SUPREME-DM) study.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 2014 Jul;23(7):699-710. doi: 10.1002/pds.3610..
Keywords: Diabetes, Prevention, Medication
Forrester SH, Hepp Z, Roth JA
Cost-effectiveness of a computerized provider order entry system in improving medication safety ambulatory care.
The study objective was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of computerized provider order entry versus traditional paper-based prescribing in reducing medications errors and adverse drug events in the ambulatory setting of mid-sized medical group. Using a decision-analytic model, the researchers found that the adoption of CPOE in the ambulatory setting provides excellent value for the investment.
AHRQ-funded; HS014739
Citation: Forrester SH, Hepp Z, Roth JA .
Cost-effectiveness of a computerized provider order entry system in improving medication safety ambulatory care.
Value Health. 2014 Jun;17(4):340-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.01.009..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Medical Errors, Medication, Patient Safety, Healthcare Costs, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Prevention