National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
651 to 675 of 795 Research Studies DisplayedHuang SS, Septimus E, Hayden MK
Effect of body surface decolonisation on bacteriuria and candiduria in intensive care units: an analysis of a cluster-randomised trial.
The researchers aimed to assess the effect of decolonization on bacteriuria and candiduria in patients admitted to ICUs. They concluded that universal decolonization of patients in the ICU with once a day chlorhexidine baths and short-course nasal mupirocin could be a potential preventive strategy in male patients because it significantly decreases candiduria and any bacteriuria, but not for women.
AHRQ-funded; 290201000008I; 29032007T.
Citation: Huang SS, Septimus E, Hayden MK .
Effect of body surface decolonisation on bacteriuria and candiduria in intensive care units: an analysis of a cluster-randomised trial.
Lancet Infect Dis 2016 Jan;16(1):70-9. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00238-8.
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Keywords: Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention
Green AR, Leff B, Wang Y
Geriatric conditions in patients undergoing defibrillator implantation for prevention of sudden cardiac death: prevalence and impact on mortality.
The researchers sought to determine the prevalence of frailty and dementia among older adults receiving primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and to determine the impact of multimorbidity on mortality within 1 year of ICD implantation. They concluded that more than 10 percent of Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure receiving primary prevention ICDs have frailty or dementia. These patients had significantly higher 1-year mortality than those with other common chronic conditions.
AHRQ-funded; HS019814; 290201200007I.
Citation: Green AR, Leff B, Wang Y .
Geriatric conditions in patients undergoing defibrillator implantation for prevention of sudden cardiac death: prevalence and impact on mortality.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2016 Jan;9(1):23-30. doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.115.002053.
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Keywords: Elderly, Medical Devices, Mortality, Prevention, Dementia
Patorno E, Wang SV, Schneeweiss S
Initiation patterns of statin therapy among adult patients undergoing intermediate to high-risk non-cardiac surgery.
The researchers examined patterns of perioperative statin initiation among adults undergoing non-cardiac elective surgery in the USA. They found that, despite the lack of robust evidence, perioperative statin initiation progressively increased from 2003 to 2012, particularly among patients undergoing major vascular surgery. They concluded that these trends were largely attributable to the initiation of statins in anticipation of non-cardiac surgery rather than routine dyslipidemia treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Patorno E, Wang SV, Schneeweiss S .
Initiation patterns of statin therapy among adult patients undergoing intermediate to high-risk non-cardiac surgery.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016 Jan;25(1):64-72. doi: 10.1002/pds.3892.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Prevention, Surgery
Khanna AS, Michaels S, Skaathun B
Preexposure prophylaxis awareness and use in a population-based sample of young black men who have sex with men.
The researchers studied relevant characteristics of diverse young black men who have sex with men and their corresponding preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) engagement. Their population-based cohort study illustrated that real-world PrEP use by those with the highest HIV incidence faces major implementation challenges that require purposeful and sustained engagement with black communities inclusive of their health care providers.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Khanna AS, Michaels S, Skaathun B .
Preexposure prophylaxis awareness and use in a population-based sample of young black men who have sex with men.
JAMA Intern Med 2016 Jan;176(1):136-8. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.6536..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Russell D, Beekmann SE, Polgreen PM
Routine use of contact precautions for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus: Which way is the pendulum swinging?
This study assessed the state of utilization of contact precautions (CP) as well as adjunctive measures to reduce the risk of transmission for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in US hospitals. It found that the most widely used trigger for initiation of CP for both pathogens was positive clinical culture. Practices for discontinuation of isolation varied widely. Evidence-based guidelines regarding CP and horizontal interventions are needed.
AHRQ-funded; HS021188.
Citation: Russell D, Beekmann SE, Polgreen PM .
Routine use of contact precautions for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus: Which way is the pendulum swinging?
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016 Jan;37(1):36-40. doi: 10.1017/ice.2015.246.
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Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Patient Safety
Ferrara A, Hedderson MM, Brown SD
The comparative effectiveness of diabetes prevention strategies to reduce postpartum weight retention in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: the gestational diabetes' effects on moms (GEM) cluster randomized controlled trial.
The researchers compared the effectiveness of diabetes prevention strategies addressing postpartum weight retention for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) delivered at the health system level: mailed recommendations (usual care) versus usual care plus a Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)-derived lifestyle intervention. They found that a DPP-derived lifestyle intervention modestly reduced postpartum weight retention and increased vigorous-intensity physical activity.
AHRQ-funded; HS019367.
Citation: Ferrara A, Hedderson MM, Brown SD .
The comparative effectiveness of diabetes prevention strategies to reduce postpartum weight retention in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: the gestational diabetes' effects on moms (GEM) cluster randomized controlled trial.
Diabetes Care 2016 Jan;39(1):65-74. doi: 10.2337/dc15-1254.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Diabetes, Lifestyle Changes, Pregnancy, Prevention, Women
Spatz ES, Jiang X, Lu J
Qingdao Port Cardiovascular Health Study: a prospective cohort study.
The Qingdao Port Cardiovascular Health Study was designed to investigate the burden of cardiovascular disease and the sociodemographic, biological, environmental and clinical risk factors associated with disease onset and outcomes. Early findings reveal a significant increase in cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and body mass index) from 2000 to 2010.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Spatz ES, Jiang X, Lu J .
Qingdao Port Cardiovascular Health Study: a prospective cohort study.
BMJ Open 2015 Dec 9;5(12):e008403. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008403.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Social Determinants of Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention
Levy DE, Munshi VN, Ashburner JM
Health IT-assisted population-based preventive cancer screening: a cost analysis.
The researchers analyzed costs from a randomized trial of 2 health IT strategies to improve cancer screening compared with usual care from the perspective of a primary care network. They found that over the course of the study year, the value of reduced physician time devoted to preventive cancer screening outweighed the costs of the interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS020308; HS018161.
Citation: Levy DE, Munshi VN, Ashburner JM .
Health IT-assisted population-based preventive cancer screening: a cost analysis.
Am J Manag Care 2015 Dec;21(12):885-91..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Cancer, Screening, Prevention, Healthcare Costs
Fan T, Feaginsfletcher H
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Screening for iron deficiency anemia in young children.
This case study involves a 32-year-old white woman, presenting to your office with her nine-month-old son for a routine well-child visit. It poses three multiple choice questions together with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations and related background information.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Fan T, Feaginsfletcher H .
Screening for iron deficiency anemia in young children.
Am Fam Physician 2015 Dec 15;92(12):1103-4.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Case Study, Children/Adolescents, Prevention
Chopra V, Saint S
Vascular catheter infections: time to get technical.
Combining technical and socioadaptive factors within a bundle of best practices has substantially reduced catheter-related bloodstream infections in the past decade, but which elements of this bundle are most responsible for reducing catheter infections? Although a key technical solution should become the standard of care to prevent vascular catheter infections, the authors recommended getting even more technical to prevent other health-care-associated infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS022835.
Citation: Chopra V, Saint S .
Vascular catheter infections: time to get technical.
Lancet 2015 Nov 21;386(10008):2034-36. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00245-7.
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Keywords: Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Prevention
Weiner BJ, Pignone MP, DuBard CA
Advancing heart health in North Carolina primary care: the Heart Health NOW study protocol.
The objective of Heart Health NOW (HHN) is to determine if primary care practice support a comprehensive evidence-based quality improvement strategy involving practice facilitation, academic detailing, technology support, and regional learning collaboratives—accelerates widespread dissemination and implementation of evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in small- to medium-sized primary care practices.
AHRQ-funded; HS023912.
Citation: Weiner BJ, Pignone MP, DuBard CA .
Advancing heart health in North Carolina primary care: the Heart Health NOW study protocol.
Implement Sci 2015 Nov 14;10:160. doi: 10.1186/s13012-015-0348-4..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention, Primary Care
Sutkowi-Hemstreet A, Vu M, Harris R
Adult patients' perspectives on the benefits and harms of overused screening tests: a qualitative study.
This study determined how patients think about the harms and benefits of overused screening tests and how they consider these and other factors when making decisions. It found that many patients could not name a harm of screening. When they did name harms, patients often focused on only the harms of the screening test itself and rarely mentioned harms further along the screening cascade.
AHRQ-funded; HS021133.
Citation: Sutkowi-Hemstreet A, Vu M, Harris R .
Adult patients' perspectives on the benefits and harms of overused screening tests: a qualitative study.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Nov;30(11):1618-26. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3283-9.
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Keywords: Prevention, Screening, Patient Experience, Elderly, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Singal AG, El-Serag HB
Hepatocellular carcinoma from epidemiology to prevention: Translating knowledge into practice.
The effectiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prevention in clinical practice and at the population level has lagged behind due to patient, provider, system, and societal factors. The authors suggest that the Quality in the Continuum of Cancer Care model provides a framework for evaluating the HCC prevention processes, including potential failures that create a gap between efficacy and effectiveness.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Singal AG, El-Serag HB .
Hepatocellular carcinoma from epidemiology to prevention: Translating knowledge into practice.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015 Nov;13(12):2140-51. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.08.014.
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Keywords: Cancer, Implementation, Prevention, Social Determinants of Health
Persell SD, Brown T, Lee JY
Individualized risk communication and outreach for primary cardiovascular disease prevention in community health centers: randomized trial.
The researchers conducted a randomized trial to determine if mailed outreach containing patients’ individualized CVD risk and uncontrolled risk factors followed by telephone discussion with trained lay health workers would improve statin use for primary prevention among community health center patients with moderately high cardiovascular risk. They found that the intervention, led to more cholesterol treatment discussions with primary care clinicians but had little impact on statin prescribing.
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Persell SD, Brown T, Lee JY .
Individualized risk communication and outreach for primary cardiovascular disease prevention in community health centers: randomized trial.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2015 Nov;8(6):560-6. doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.115.001723..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Prevention, Community-Based Practice, Clinician-Patient Communication, Risk
VanGompel EC, Jerant AF, Franks PM
Primary care attributes associated with receipt of preventive care services: a national study.
This study explored whether primary care attributes (PCAs) encompassed by patient-centered medical homes increase receipt of preventive care. Based ,on a nationally representative sample, greater reported exposure to key primary care attributes, with the exception of enhanced access, was associated with increased preventive care. These findings may inform best practices for maximizing preventive care delivery.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation: VanGompel EC, Jerant AF, Franks PM .
Primary care attributes associated with receipt of preventive care services: a national study.
J Am Board Fam Med 2015 Nov-Dec;28(6):733-41. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.06.150092.
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Keywords: Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient and Family Engagement, Prevention, Primary Care
de St Maurice A, Grijalva CG, Fonnesbeck C
Racial and regional differences in rates of invasive pneumococcal disease.
This study assessed the impact of introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on pediatric IPD rates, as well as changes in racial and regional differences in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), in Tennessee. It found that PCV13 introduction led to substantial declines in childhood IPD rates and was associated with reduced regional and racial differences in IPD rates in Tennessee.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: de St Maurice A, Grijalva CG, Fonnesbeck C .
Racial and regional differences in rates of invasive pneumococcal disease.
Pediatrics 2015 Nov;136(5):e1186-94. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-1773..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Vaccination, Prevention
Croft LD, Liquori M, Ladd J
The effect of contact precautions on frequency of hospital adverse events.
The researchers sought to determine whether use of contact precautions on hospital ward patients is associated with patient adverse events. They concluded that hospital ward patients on contact precautions were less likely to experience noninfectious adverse events during their hospital stay than patients not on contact precautions.
AHRQ-funded; HS018111.
Citation: Croft LD, Liquori M, Ladd J .
The effect of contact precautions on frequency of hospital adverse events.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015 Nov;36(11):1268-74. doi: 10.1017/ice.2015.192.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Patient Safety, Prevention, Hospitals
Baker DW, Brown T, Goldman SN
Two-year follow-up of the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention to improve adherence to annual colorectal cancer screening in community health centers.
After an earlier outreach intervention achieved 82 percent annual adherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), this study assessed adherence to FOBT after a second outreach. It found that a total of 88.7 percent of patients completed a fecal immunochemical test within 6 months of their second outreach.
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Baker DW, Brown T, Goldman SN .
Two-year follow-up of the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention to improve adherence to annual colorectal cancer screening in community health centers.
Cancer Causes Control 2015 Nov;26(11):1685-90. doi: 10.1007/s10552-015-0650-0..
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Prevention, Screening
Patnode CD, Henderson JT, Thompson JH
Behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco cessation in adults, including pregnant women: a review of reviews for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
The researchers reviewed the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions for tobacco cessation. They concluded that behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions improve rates of smoking cessation among the general adult population, alone or in combination. Data on the effectiveness and safety of electronic nicotine delivery systems are limited.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200015I.
Citation: Patnode CD, Henderson JT, Thompson JH .
Behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco cessation in adults, including pregnant women: a review of reviews for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Oct 20;163(8):608-21. doi: 10.7326/m15-0171..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Evidence-Based Practice, Medication, Pregnancy, Prevention, Tobacco Use, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Women
Croswell J, Ballard T
AHRQ Author: Croswell J
Screening for thyroid dysfunction.
A 40-year-old woman presents for a routine well-woman examination. She is not pregnant, is in good health, reports no symptoms, and her physical examination is unremarkable. The question is: should she be screened for thyroid dysfunction? This case study quiz is based on the recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Croswell J, Ballard T .
Screening for thyroid dysfunction.
Am Fam Physician 2015 Oct 15;92(8):717-8..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Prevention, Case Study
Highfield L, Rajan SS, Valerio MA
A non-randomized controlled stepped wedge trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-level mammography intervention in improving appointment adherence in underserved women.
This study evaluated a theoretically based, systematically designed implementation strategy to support adoption and implementation of a patient navigation-based intervention, called Peace of Mind Program (PMP), aimed at improving breast cancer screening among underserved women.. Any potential confounding or bias will be controlled in the analysis. Outcomes such as appointment adherence, patient referral to diagnostics, time to diagnostic referral, patient referral to treatment, time to treatment referral, and budget impact of the intervention will be assessed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023255.
Citation: Highfield L, Rajan SS, Valerio MA .
A non-randomized controlled stepped wedge trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-level mammography intervention in improving appointment adherence in underserved women.
Implement Sci 2015 Oct 14;10:143. doi: 10.1186/s13012-015-0334-x.
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Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Women, Vulnerable Populations, Prevention, Imaging
Rangachari P, Madaio M, Rethemeyer RK
Cumulative impact of periodic top-down communications on infection prevention practices and outcomes in two units.
The authors investigated the challenge of consistent implementation of evidence-based infection prevention practices at the unit level. Their results showed that the interventions cumulatively had a significant desired impact on central catheter use and helped validate the theoretical literature and identify evidence-based management strategies for practice change at the unit level. Further, periodic top-down communications have the potential to modify interprofessional knowledge exchanges and enable practice change at the unit level, leading to significantly improved outcomes and reduced costs.
AHRQ-funded; HS019785.
Citation: Rangachari P, Madaio M, Rethemeyer RK .
Cumulative impact of periodic top-down communications on infection prevention practices and outcomes in two units.
Health Care Manage Rev 2015 Oct-Dec;40(4):324-36. doi: 10.1097/hmr.0000000000000038.
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Keywords: Communication, Evidence-Based Practice, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Children/Adolescents, Prevention
Yanagizawa-Drott L, Kurland L, Schuur JD
Infection prevention practices in Swedish emergency departments: results from a cross-sectional survey.
This study aimed to estimate the extent to which Swedish EDs have adopted evidence-based measures to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). It found that thirty-nine percent of EDs participate in a project to improve hand hygiene compliance. Staff hand hygiene compliance rates were audited at least monthly in 45 percent of EDs. Forty-three percent reported a compliance rate of 80 percent or more.
AHRQ-funded; HS021616; HS020013.
Citation: Yanagizawa-Drott L, Kurland L, Schuur JD .
Infection prevention practices in Swedish emergency departments: results from a cross-sectional survey.
Eur J Emerg Med 2015 Oct;22(5):338-42. doi: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000159..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Prevention, Risk
Sentell T, Miyamura J, Ahn HJ
Potentially preventable hospitalizations for congestive heart failure among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Hawai'i.
The authors studied congestive heart failure (CHF) hospitalizations among racial groups. They found that high preventable CHF hospitalization rates are seen in some Asian and Pacific Islander groups, especially Native Hawaiians and Filipinos, who have these hospitalizations at younger ages than other studied groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS019990.
Citation: Sentell T, Miyamura J, Ahn HJ .
Potentially preventable hospitalizations for congestive heart failure among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Hawai'i.
J Immigr Minor Health 2015 Oct;17(5):1289-97. doi: 10.1007/s10903-014-0098-4.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Hospitalization, Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Hemmila MR, Osborne NH, Henke PK
Prophylactic inferior vena cava filter placement does not result in a survival benefit for trauma patients.
The researchers examined the relationship between prophylactic inferior vena cava (IVC) filter use, mortality, and venous thromboembolic events (VTE). They found that high rates of prophylactic IVC filter placement have no effect on reducing trauma patient mortality and are associated with an increase in deep venous thromboembolism (DVT) events.
AHRQ-funded; HS018728.
Citation: Hemmila MR, Osborne NH, Henke PK .
Prophylactic inferior vena cava filter placement does not result in a survival benefit for trauma patients.
Ann Surg 2015 Oct;262(4):577-85. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001434..
Keywords: Blood Clots, Outcomes, Mortality, Injuries and Wounds, Prevention