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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 22 of 22 Research Studies DisplayedAdams DR
Availability and accessibility of mental health services for youth: a descriptive survey of safety-net health centers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The goal of this study was to assess the availability of outpatient mental health services for children and adolescents at safety-net health centers in a large metropolitan county. A comprehensive sample of Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) received a 5-minute survey approximately one year after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The response indicated that 10% of health centers had closed and 20% reported that they were not offering outpatient mental health services. Reported wait times were longer at CMHCs than FQHCs. The author concluded that these findings suggested that online directories such as the SAMHSA Treatment Locator are often inaccurate or out-of-date.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Adams DR .
Availability and accessibility of mental health services for youth: a descriptive survey of safety-net health centers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Community Ment Health J 2024 Jan; 60(1):88-97. doi: 10.1007/s10597-023-01127-9..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Access to Care, COVID-19, Public Health
Zuvekas SH
AHRQ Author: Zuvekas SH
COVID-19, mental health, and mental health treatment among adults.
This AHRQ-authored paper seeks to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health status and mental health treatment among adults residing in the U.S. civilian, non-institutionalized population. Data from the 2019-2020 MEPS was used. The author examined unadjusted and regression-adjusted differences between 2019 and 2020 in perceived mental health status (excellent, very good, good, fair, poor) and in the K6 general psychological distress, the PHQ-2 depression screener, and the VR-12 mental component summary score. Similarly, using the detailed MEPS data on health care encounters and prescription drug fills, he examined differences in mental health use treatment between 2019 and 2020. He focused specifically on changes in continuity of treatment among those already in treatment in January and February, before the pandemic fully struck, as well differences in the initiation of new episodes of treatment after the pandemic began. Results were that all four mental health scales included in the MEPS showed statistically significant declines in mental health between 2019 and 2020, particularly among younger adults. However, the percentage of US adults receiving mental health treatment did not change significantly. Continuity of treatment increased slightly in 2020, with 87.1% of adults in treatment January or February still receiving care in the second quarter, an increase of 2.5 percentage points. However, there were significant declines in the initiation of new treatment, especially in the second quarter of 2020.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Zuvekas SH .
COVID-19, mental health, and mental health treatment among adults.
J Ment Health Policy Econ 2023 Dec 1; 26(4):159-83..
Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), COVID-19, Behavioral Health
Hails KA, Wellen BC, Simoni M
Parents' preferences for primary care-based behavioral services and the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed method study.
This mixed method study examined how family factors impacted parents' attitudes toward integrated behavioral health (IBH) in pediatric primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors hypothesized that COVID-19 impact would predict family functioning challenges, and that pre-existing familial contextual factors would predict parents' interest in IBH modalities. A survey was completed by parents of children ages 1.5-5 years (N = 301) from five primary care clinics with measures assessing familial contextual factors (income, race and ethnicity, and parents' childhood adversity), COVID-19 impact on family relationships and wellbeing, family functioning (child behavior, parenting self-efficacy, and parent psychological functioning), and parents' preferences for behavioral support in primary care. A subsample of 23 parents completed qualitative interviews to provide deeper insights into quantitative relationships. The higher the COVID-19 impact, the more it was significantly associated with worse parent mental health and child behavior problems, as well as lower interest in IBH virtual support options. Lower SES and racial and/or ethnic minority parents both indicated greater interest in IBH modalities compared to higher SES and White parents, respectively. Qualitative interviews conducted found that pandemic stressors led to increases in parents’ desire for behavioral support from pediatricians, with parents sharing perspectives on the nature of support they desired, including proactive communication from providers and variety and flexibility in the behavioral supports offered.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Hails KA, Wellen BC, Simoni M .
Parents' preferences for primary care-based behavioral services and the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed method study.
J Pediatr Psychol 2023 Nov 16; 48(11):879-92. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad034..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Behavioral Health, Primary Care
Overhage L, Hailu R, Busch AB
Trends in acute care use for mental health conditions among youth during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study’s objective was to examine youth acute mental health care use (emergency department [ED], boarding, and subsequent inpatient care) during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional analysis used data from national, deidentified commercial health insurance claims of youth mental health ED and hospital care that took place between March 2019 and February 2022. Among 4.1 million commercial insurance enrollees aged 5 to 17 years, 17,614 in the baseline year (March 2019-February 2020) and 16,815 youth in pandemic year 2 (March 2021-February 2022) had at least 1 mental health ED visit. Comparing baseline to pandemic year 2, there was a 6.7% increase in youth with any mental health ED visits. Among adolescent females, there was a larger increase (22.1%). The fraction of ED visits that resulted in a psychiatric admission increased by 8.4%. Mean length of inpatient psychiatric stay increased 3.8%. The fraction of episodes with prolonged boarding increased 76.4%.
AHRQ-funded; HS026503.
Citation: Overhage L, Hailu R, Busch AB .
Trends in acute care use for mental health conditions among youth during the COVID-19 pandemic.
JAMA Psychiatry 2023 Sep; 80(9):924-32. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.2195..
Keywords: COVID-19, Behavioral Health, Children/Adolescents
Titus AR, Mezuk B, Hirschtick JL
Patterns and predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms within a population-based sample of adults diagnosed with COVID-19 in Michigan.
Researchers examined the intersection of demographic, economic, and illness-related predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms within a population-based sample of adults diagnosed with COVID-19 in Michigan. Data were taken from a population-based survey of Michigan adults who experienced a COVID-19 diagnosis prior to August 2020. Results indicated that relative risks for experiencing poor mental health outcomes varied by race/ethnicity, sex, age, and income. Symptom severity was associated with a higher burden of comorbid depressive/anxiety symptoms. "Long COVID" was associated with all outcomes. The researchers concluded that because of overlapping risk factors, integrated approaches to treating depressive/anxiety symptoms among COVID-19 survivors is warranted.
AHRQ-funded; HS026120.
Citation: Titus AR, Mezuk B, Hirschtick JL .
Patterns and predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms within a population-based sample of adults diagnosed with COVID-19 in Michigan.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023 Jul; 58(7):1099-108. doi: 10.1007/s00127-023-02453-9..
Keywords: COVID-19, Depression, Anxiety, Behavioral Health
Westley L, Manworren RCB, Griffith DM
Using hospital incident command systems to respond to the pediatric mental and behavioral health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The purpose of this study was to quantify issues related to hospital incident command systems (HICS) implemented to expand mental and behavioral healthcare (MBHC) services during the COVID-19 pandemic, and track progress toward HICS goals. The researchers analyzed data on patient census, nurse vacancies, staff injuries, and staff perceptions and resources were developed. The study found that after HICS implementation, 84% of nurses reported confidence in providing care to youth with acute MBHC needs.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Westley L, Manworren RCB, Griffith DM .
Using hospital incident command systems to respond to the pediatric mental and behavioral health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic.
J Nurs Adm 2023 Feb; 53(2):96-103. doi: 10.1097/nna.0000000000001254..
Keywords: COVID-19, Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Hospitals
Thompson KA, Hedlund EL, Sun Q
Course and predictors of eating disorder symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and pandemic-related eating disorder concerns among adults with eating disorders during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The purpose of this study was to assess changes in and predictors of Eating Disorder (ED) symptoms, ED concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and anxiety symptoms within the first 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with self-reported EDs in the United States, Sweden, and the Netherlands. The researchers administered an online survey to participants, evaluating ED symptoms, general anxiety symptoms, pandemic-related ED worries about accessing food, lack of structure and social support, being in a triggering environment, and costs of food and treatment. The study found that 3 patterns were evident: 1) a curvilinear progression with the greatest level of symptoms at baseline, declining through November 2020, and then increasing through the remainder of the year; 2) a linear declining progression; and 3) a stable progression with no variations. The researchers reported that concerns about COVID-19 infection, lockdown, worries about lack of structure and social support, and worries about accessing food aligned with their recovery meal plan predicted increases in ED symptoms.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Thompson KA, Hedlund EL, Sun Q .
Course and predictors of eating disorder symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and pandemic-related eating disorder concerns among adults with eating disorders during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Int J Eat Disord 2023 Jan; 56(1):151-68. doi: 10.1002/eat.23870..
Keywords: COVID-19, Behavioral Health, Anxiety
Borgatti AC, Crockett KB, Jacob AE
Correlates of psychological distress among adults with obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in stress and loneliness among participants with obesity who were engaged in weight loss self-management in the US during COVID-19, and to identify risk factors that may increase psychosocial distress during this period. Participants completed an online survey about social, economic and health behavior changes during COVID-19 and their relationship to changes in perceived stress and loneliness. Results indicated that stress and loneliness increased two months into the COVID-19 pandemic-related shutdown. Factors associated with increased stress and/or loneliness included higher body mass index, social distancing, alcohol intake, and working from home. The authors concluded that ongoing attention to psychosocial well-being among individuals with obesity remains imperative both during the ongoing pandemic and afterwards.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Borgatti AC, Crockett KB, Jacob AE .
Correlates of psychological distress among adults with obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Psychol Health 2022 Dec; 37(12):1547-64. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2038790..
Keywords: COVID-19, Obesity, Stress, Social Stigma, Behavioral Health
Richmond J, Sanderson M, Shrubsole MJ
Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 among adults in the southeastern United States.
The authors investigated factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS), their results overall suggested that individuals in fair/poor health, living alone, and/or experiencing decreased physical activity and vegetable/fruit consumption have higher risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms. They recommended clinical and public health interventions to support individuals experiencing depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Richmond J, Sanderson M, Shrubsole MJ .
Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 among adults in the southeastern United States.
Prev Med 2022 Oct;163:107191. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107191..
Keywords: COVID-19, Anxiety, Depression, Behavioral Health, Public Health
Shankar LG, Habich M, Rosenman M
Mental health emergency department visits by children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Investigators described pediatric mental health emergency department (ED) visit rates and visit characteristics before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. They found that mental health ED visit rates by children increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Shankar LG, Habich M, Rosenman M .
Mental health emergency department visits by children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Acad Pediatr 2022 Sep-Oct;22(7):1127-32. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.05.022..
Keywords: COVID-19, Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Behavioral Health, Healthcare Utilization, Public Health
Beetham T, Fiellin DA, Busch SH
Physician response to COVID-19-driven telehealth flexibility for opioid use disorder.
This study surveyed physicians who provide opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment on their preferences and practices regarding telehealth that have evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1141 physicians who were publicly listed buprenorphine-prescribing physicians were surveyed. Most respondents found telehealth to be effective, with 54% who found it more effective than expected. Overall, 85% were in favor of temporary telehealth flexibility being permanently extended, and 77% would be likely to use telehealth after the COVID-19 pandemic is over.
AHRQ-funded; HS017589.
Citation: Beetham T, Fiellin DA, Busch SH .
Physician response to COVID-19-driven telehealth flexibility for opioid use disorder.
Am J Manag Care 2022 Sep;28(9):456-63. doi: 10.37765/ajmc.2022.89221..
Keywords: COVID-19, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Opioids, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Medication
Hails KA, Petts RA, Hostutler CA
COVID-19 distress, negative parenting, and child behavioral problems: the moderating role of parent adverse childhood experiences.
This study’s objective was to test a moderated mediation model to determine whether families’ COVID-19-related distress is associated with young children's emotional/behavioral functioning via negative parenting, and whether these relationships vary based on parents' adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Participants were 267 parents recruited from five primary care sites across the United States with children ages 1.5-5 years. Internet questionnaires were completed on measures including demographics, parent ACEs, negative parenting, parent mental health, and COVID-19 distress. Negative parenting significantly mediated the relationship between COVID-19 distress and child emotional/behavioral problems. The model accounted for 42% variance in child emotional/behavioral problems.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Hails KA, Petts RA, Hostutler CA .
COVID-19 distress, negative parenting, and child behavioral problems: the moderating role of parent adverse childhood experiences.
Child Abuse Negl 2022 Aug;130(Pt 1):105450. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105450..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Behavioral Health, Stress
Cutler GJ, Bergmann KR, Doupnik SK
Pediatric mental health emergency department visits and access to Inpatient care: a crisis worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The purpose of this study was to explore the author’s previous research findings on trends in pediatric emergency department (ED) visits for mental health (MH) vs non-mental health in light of more recent related data corresponding with the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that recent research supports the dramatic increase in pediatric MH ED visits found in the author’s previous research and provides additional evidence that the increase has been driven by specific MH diagnoses. The researchers conclude that depressive disorders, self-harm behavior, and non-alcohol substance use disorders should be prioritized for the development of ED- and hospital-based strategies, and that EDs, hospitals, health systems, and the government urgently need to increase capacity for MH services and identify innovative solutions to improve access to high quality MH care for children.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Cutler GJ, Bergmann KR, Doupnik SK .
Pediatric mental health emergency department visits and access to Inpatient care: a crisis worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Acad Pediatr 2022 Aug;22(6):889-91. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.03.015..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Behavioral Health, Emergency Department, Access to Care, Public Health, Inpatient Care
Ward MJ, Shuster JL, Mohr NM
Implementation of telehealth for psychiatric care in VA emergency departments and urgent care clinics.
The purpose of this AHRQ-funded, mixed-methods study was to evaluate an emergency telehealth intervention in emergency department (ED) and urgent care clinic (UCC) settings within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) in March 2020. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework was utilized to compare the 3 months preimplementation of the telehealth intervention (December 1, 2019 through February 29, 2020) with the 3 months postimplementation of the telehealth intervention (April 1, 2020 through June 30, 2020), and then assess sustainability through January 31, 2021. Qualitative data from surveys and semistructured interviews were conducted and analyze. The telemental health intervention was used in 83% (319) of unscheduled mental health consultations in the postimplementation phase, with no adverse trends in length of stay, 7-day revisits, or 30-day mortality. In the sustainability phase, use of the intervention was high with 82% (n = 1,010) of all unscheduled mental health consultations performed by telemental health. The study concluded that the use of unscheduled telemental health intervention was highly acceptable and sustainable in ED and UCC settings and did not impact the safety and efficacy of mental health consultations.
AHRQ-funded; HS025753.
Citation: Ward MJ, Shuster JL, Mohr NM .
Implementation of telehealth for psychiatric care in VA emergency departments and urgent care clinics.
Telemed J E Health 2022 Jul;28(7):985-93. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2021.0263..
Keywords: COVID-19, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Behavioral Health, Emergency Department
Zeng W, Jarawan E, Bajnauth D
AHRQ Author: Ding Y
COVID-19 and global mental health service delivery and financing.
The purpose of this AHRQ-authored letter was to characterize the state of global mental health needs, service delivery, and financing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors report that the mental health aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic will likely be extended in duration and will both compound and deepen the social and economic disruptions that were already taking place prior to the pandemic. The authors conclude that the integration of mental health initiatives into both international and national emergency response strategies and public health strategies is important as governments enhance mental health service delivery and financing as a critical component of building more inclusive and resilient postpandemic health systems.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Zeng W, Jarawan E, Bajnauth D .
COVID-19 and global mental health service delivery and financing.
Public Health 2022 Jun;207:127-28. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.04.005..
Keywords: COVID-19, Healthcare Delivery, Behavioral Health
Petts RA, Walker BL, Hails KA
Parents' preferences for behavioral services in primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether the COVID-19 pandemic impacted parent’s preferences and priorities for receiving behavioral health services for their young children in the pediatric primary care setting. In 5 pediatric primary care sites across the U.S., between July 2020 and January 2021, 301 parents of young children completed surveys on their preferences for behavioral subjects and methods of service delivery in primary care. The responses were compared to the responses from 396 parents who had been surveyed on the same measures in 2018. The study concluded that priorities for behavioral subjects during the pandemic were similar to parent’s priorities before the pandemic, with only one behavioral subject (child self-calming) rated significantly more important by the parents in the pandemic group than the pre-pandemic parents. The parents in the pandemic group were also significantly more interested in remote and media-based services such as mobile applications and videos than parents in the pre-pandemic group. The researchers conclude that pediatric primary care practices may wish to consider providing mobile apps, videos, and/ or other multimedia resources as part of their behavioral health services practices.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Petts RA, Walker BL, Hails KA .
Parents' preferences for behavioral services in primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic.
J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022 Jun-Jul;43(5):291-96. doi: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001033..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Behavioral Health, Primary Care
Auty SG, Griffith KN
Medicaid expansion and drug overdose mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.
This study examined trends in overdose mortality nationally and by state Medicaid expansion status from 2013 to 2020. Using data from the CDC’s WONDER database, findings showed that the increase in drug or opioid overdose deaths experienced during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic was similar in states with and without Medicaid expansion.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Auty SG, Griffith KN .
Medicaid expansion and drug overdose mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend 2022 Mar 1;232:109340. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109340..
Keywords: COVID-19, Medicaid, Opioids, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Mortality, Public Health
Cibrian FL, Monteiro E, Ankrah E
Parents' perspectives on a smartwatch intervention for children with ADHD: rapid deployment and feasibility evaluation of a pilot intervention to support distance learning during COVID-19.
This paper explores how smartwatch technology, including timing notifications, can support children with ADHD during distance learning due to COVID-19. The researchers used a Digital Health Intervention which included a smartwatch and a smartphone. Their results demonstrated that children successfully adopted the use of the smartwatch, and parents believed that the intervention was helpful, especially in supporting the development of organizational skills in their children. The authors included suggestions to help professionals teach children with ADHD to use smartwatches to improve organization and task completion, especially as it applies to supporting remote instruction.
AHRQ-funded; HS026058.
Citation: Cibrian FL, Monteiro E, Ankrah E .
Parents' perspectives on a smartwatch intervention for children with ADHD: rapid deployment and feasibility evaluation of a pilot intervention to support distance learning during COVID-19.
PLoS One 2021 Oct 27;16(10):e0258959. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258959..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Behavioral Health, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Patient Adherence/Compliance
Choi KR, Martinez-Hollingsworth A, Mead M
Adolescent psychiatric emergencies precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The purpose of this retrospective case series was to describe adolescent psychiatric emergencies precipitated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Findings showed that COVID-19-precipitated admissions were 24% of total admissions from March 15 to May 31, 2020; however, total admissions during this time period were reduced from the same time period in prior years. The COVID-19 pandemic and corresponding shelter-in-place orders may precipitate psychiatric emergencies among adolescents both with and without existing mental health disorders.
AHRQ-funded; HS026407.
Citation: Choi KR, Martinez-Hollingsworth A, Mead M .
Adolescent psychiatric emergencies precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2021 Jul;59(7):17-21. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20201203-05..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Behavioral Health, Emergency Department
McGinty EE, Presskreischer R, Anderson KE
Psychological distress and COVID-19-related stressors reported in a longitudinal cohort of US adults in April and July 2020.
The authors investigated how psychological distress has changed over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. They found that more than 60% of adults with serious distress reported that pandemic-related disruptions to education, employment, and finances negatively affected their mental health. Thirty-five percent of adults with serious distress cited inability to obtain health care as a contributing factor, highlighting the need to facilitate safe and affordable health care access during the pandemic and beyond.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: McGinty EE, Presskreischer R, Anderson KE .
Psychological distress and COVID-19-related stressors reported in a longitudinal cohort of US adults in April and July 2020.
JAMA 2020 Dec 22;324(24):2555-57. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.21231..
Keywords: COVID-19, Behavioral Health, Stress
Yang J, Landrum MB, Zhou L
Disparities in outpatient visits for mental health and/or substance use disorders during the COVID surge and partial reopening in Massachusetts.
The purpose of this study was to examine changes in outpatient visits for mental health and/or substance use disorders (MH/SUD) in an integrated healthcare organization during the initial Massachusetts COVID-19 surge and partial state reopening. The investigators concluded that MH/SUD visit volume increased during the COVID surge and was supported by rapidly-scaled telemedicine.
AHRQ-funded; HS025375.
Citation: Yang J, Landrum MB, Zhou L .
Disparities in outpatient visits for mental health and/or substance use disorders during the COVID surge and partial reopening in Massachusetts.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2020 Nov-Dec;67:100-06. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.09.004..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Substance Abuse, COVID-19, Disparities, Access to Care, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Shechter A, Diaz F, Moise N
Psychological distress, coping behaviors, and preferences for support among New York healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The mental health toll of COVID-19 on healthcare workers (HCW) is not yet fully described. In this study the authors, using a cross-sectional web survey, characterized distress, coping, and preferences for support among NYC HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. They concluded that NYC HCWs, especially nurses and advanced practice providers, were experiencing COVID-19-related psychological distress.
AHRQ-funded; HS024262.
Citation: Shechter A, Diaz F, Moise N .
Psychological distress, coping behaviors, and preferences for support among New York healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2020 Sep-Oct;66:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.007..
Keywords: COVID-19, Stress, Provider: Clinician, Provider: Physician, Provider: Nurse, Provider: Health Personnel, Behavioral Health