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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1451 to 1475 of 1681 Research Studies DisplayedMcDonald MV, Feldman PH, Barron-Vaya Y
Outcomes of clinical decision support (CDS) and correlates of CDS use for home care patients with high medication regimen complexity: a randomized trial.
The researchers assessed the outcomes of a clinical decision support (CDS) intervention designed for home care patients with high medication regimen complexity (MRC) and examined correlates of CDS use. They found that eighty-two percent of intervention nurses used the CDS but for only 42 percent of their patients. Among intervention patients, CDS use (vs. non-use) was associated with reduced MRC and hospitalization.
AHRQ-funded; HS017837.
Citation: McDonald MV, Feldman PH, Barron-Vaya Y .
Outcomes of clinical decision support (CDS) and correlates of CDS use for home care patients with high medication regimen complexity: a randomized trial.
J Eval Clin Pract 2015 May 26;22(1):10-19. doi: 10.1111/jep.12383.
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Keywords: Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Home Healthcare, Medication, Risk
Burton MJ, Curtis JR, Yang S
Safety of biologic and nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy in veterans with rheumatoid arthritis and hepatitis B virus infection: a retrospective cohort study.
The researchers evaluated the safety of current treatment regimens for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and HBV in a large US cohort. They found a low rate of hepatotoxicity among a large cohort of US veterans with RA and HBV infection who were prescribed conventional RA therapies. Also, there were comparable rates of hepatotoxicity between biologic and nonbiologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.
AHRQ-funded; HS023710.
Citation: Burton MJ, Curtis JR, Yang S .
Safety of biologic and nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy in veterans with rheumatoid arthritis and hepatitis B virus infection: a retrospective cohort study.
Arthritis Res Ther 2015 May 22;17:136. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0628-z..
Keywords: Arthritis, Patient Safety, Medication, Hepatitis, Adverse Drug Events (ADE)
Jules-Elysee KM, Goon AK, Westrich GH
Patient-controlled epidural analgesia or multimodal pain regimen with periarticular injection after total hip arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the use of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with use of a multimodal pain regimen including periarticular injection (PAI). It found that PAI did not decrease the time to discharge and was associated with higher pain scores and greater opioid consumption but lower ORSDS scores compared with PCEA.
AHRQ-funded; HS021734.
Citation: Jules-Elysee KM, Goon AK, Westrich GH .
Patient-controlled epidural analgesia or multimodal pain regimen with periarticular injection after total hip arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015 May 20;97(10):789-98. doi: 10.2106/jbjs.n.00698..
Keywords: Medication, Opioids, Outcomes, Pain, Surgery
Khalil D, Boktor M, Mortensen EM
Comparison of frequency of inflammatory bowel disease and noninfectious gastroenteritis among statin users versus nonusers.
The objective of this study was to examine the association of statin use on the prevalence of IBD and noninfectious gastroenteritis (NI-GE) in a cohort of patients who were followed longitudinally in a military health care system, where patients had similar access and availability of health care. It found that statin use was not associated with either an increased or decreased risk of IBD or NI-GE diagnoses.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Khalil D, Boktor M, Mortensen EM .
Comparison of frequency of inflammatory bowel disease and noninfectious gastroenteritis among statin users versus nonusers.
Am J Cardiol 2015 May 15;115(10):1396-401. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.02.035..
Keywords: Digestive Disease and Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk, Medication, Cardiovascular Conditions
Singh JA, Akhras KS, Shiozawa A
Comparative effectiveness of urate lowering with febuxostat versus allopurinol in gout: analyses from large U.S. managed care cohort.
The researchers sought to assess the comparative effectiveness of febuxostat and allopurinol in reducing serum urate (sUA) levels in a real-world U.S. managed care setting. It concluded that febuxostat was more effective than allopurinol at the currently used doses in lowering sUA in gout patients as demonstrated by post-index mean sUA level, the likelihood of and the time to achieving sUA goals.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Singh JA, Akhras KS, Shiozawa A .
Comparative effectiveness of urate lowering with febuxostat versus allopurinol in gout: analyses from large U.S. managed care cohort.
Arthritis Res Ther 2015 May 12;17(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0624-3..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Medication, Treatments
Samples H, Mojtabai R
Antidepressant self-discontinuation: results from the collaborative psychiatric epidemiology surveys.
The authors examined the extent and correlates of self-discontinuation of antidepressant medications without physician advice using the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. They concluded that physicians prescribing antidepressants need to communicate clearly about the expected benefits of treatment, the minimum duration of use required to experience benefits, and the potential side effects of these medications, particularly to younger patients, those with anxiety disorders, and patients treated in general medical settings, all of whom have increased odds of self-discontinuation.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Samples H, Mojtabai R .
Antidepressant self-discontinuation: results from the collaborative psychiatric epidemiology surveys.
Psychiatr Serv 2015 May;66(5):455-62. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201400021.
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Keywords: Medication, Depression, Medication: Safety, Behavioral Health, Patient Adherence/Compliance
Camelo Castillo W, Boggess K, Sturmer T
Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with glyburide vs insulin in women with gestational diabetes.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women receiving glyburide compared with insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a US population-based cohort. It found an association between glyburide (compared with insulin) and elevated risk of NICU admission, neonatal hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, birth injury, and large for gestational age in women with GDM.
AHRQ-funded; HS017950.
Citation: Camelo Castillo W, Boggess K, Sturmer T .
Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with glyburide vs insulin in women with gestational diabetes.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 May;169(5):452-8. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.74..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Comparative Effectiveness, Diabetes, Labor and Delivery, Maternal Care, Medication, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes, Pregnancy, Women
McCoy RG, Zhang Y, Herrin J
Changing trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment intensification, 2002-2010.
This paper examined trends in hyperglycemia treatment intensification between 2002 and 2010. The investigators found a significant increase in diabetes treatment intensification during this time period. They concluded that the choice of secondline agents changed, with decreasing prevalence of thiazolidinedione and sulfonylurea use and rising prevalence of incretin use.
AHRQ-funded; HS018339; HS017628.
Citation: McCoy RG, Zhang Y, Herrin J .
Changing trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment intensification, 2002-2010.
Am J Manag Care 2015 May;21(5):e288-96.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Medication, Treatments
Allen LaPointe NM, Dai D, Thomas L
Comparisons of hospitalization rates among younger atrial fibrillation patients receiving different antiarrhythmic drugs.
The purpose of this study was to compare hospitalization rates after the initiation of different anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs) in clinical practice among AF patients <65 years of age who did not have coronary artery disease (CAD) or heart failure. Differences in hospitalization rates were found between AADs in younger AF patients without structural heart disease, with amiodarone having the lowest risk of AF hospitalization.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Allen LaPointe NM, Dai D, Thomas L .
Comparisons of hospitalization rates among younger atrial fibrillation patients receiving different antiarrhythmic drugs.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2015 May;8(3):292-300. doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.114.001499..
Keywords: Hospitalization, Heart Disease and Health, Medication, Cardiovascular Conditions
O'Brien EC, Kim S, Hess PL
Effect of the 2014 atrial fibrillation guideline revisions on the proportion of patients recommended for oral anticoagulation.
Researchers assessed the potential effect of a new guideline for atrial fibrillation (AF) by comparing the proportion of patients with AF recommended for oral anticoagulation (OAC) under the 2011 and 2014 guidelines. They found that two-thirds of patients with AF who were previously not recommended for OAC are newly recommended under the 2014 guideline. They advised future studies evaluating longitudinal changes in anticoagulation treatment patterns and outcomes among patients reclassified by the new guidelines.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: O'Brien EC, Kim S, Hess PL .
Effect of the 2014 atrial fibrillation guideline revisions on the proportion of patients recommended for oral anticoagulation.
JAMA Intern Med 2015 May;175(5):848-50. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.13.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Blood Thinners, Guidelines, Medication, Cardiovascular Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Moss J, Berner ES
Evaluating clinical decision support tools for medication administration safety in a simulated environment.
This study aimed to develop a methodology and tools for the design of clinical decision support systems to decrease the incidence of medication administration errors. Nurses’ evaluation of the medication administration decision support tools as well as their actual performance revealed a tendency to underestimate their need for support. Their preferences were for decision support that was short, color coded, and easily accessed.
AHRQ-funded; HS016660.
Citation: Moss J, Berner ES .
Evaluating clinical decision support tools for medication administration safety in a simulated environment.
Int J Med Inform 2015 May;84(5):308-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.01.018..
Keywords: Patient Safety, Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE)
Westover AN, Nakonezny PA, Barlow CE
Exercise outcomes in prevalent users of stimulant medications.
This study compared prevalent stimulant medication users to matched nonusers undergoing a maximal treadmill test for differences in peak systolic blood pressure, average rise in SBP during exercise, peak heart rate (HR), and aerobic exercise capacity. It found that stimulant use was associated with a decreased peak HR as well as an increased risk of chronotropic incompetence.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Westover AN, Nakonezny PA, Barlow CE .
Exercise outcomes in prevalent users of stimulant medications.
J Psychiatr Res 2015 May;64:32-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.03.011.
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Keywords: Medication, Substance Abuse, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Butz AM, Ogborn J, Mudd S
Factors associated with high short-acting beta2-agonist use in urban children with asthma.
The investigators examined factors associated with high short-acting β₂ agonist (SABA) use in inner-city children with asthma. They found that high SABA users were more than 5 times more likely to have an asthma hospitalization, almost 3 times more likely to have an asthma intensive care unit admission, and more than 3 times more likely to have prior specialty asthma care or positive cockroach sensitization than low to moderate SABA users.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Butz AM, Ogborn J, Mudd S .
Factors associated with high short-acting beta2-agonist use in urban children with asthma.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015 May;114(5):385-92. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.03.002.
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Keywords: Asthma, Children/Adolescents, Medication, Urban Health
Yun H, Delzell E, Saag KG
Fractures and mortality in relation to different osteoporosis treatments.
The researchers aimed to determine if fracture and mortality rates vary among patients initiating different osteoporosis medications. They found that IV ibandronate and calcitonin were associated with higher rates of some types of fracture when compared to IV zolendronic acid. The relatively high mortality associated with use of calcitonin may reflect the poorer health of users of this agent.
AHRQ-funded; HS018517.
Citation: Yun H, Delzell E, Saag KG .
Fractures and mortality in relation to different osteoporosis treatments.
Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015 May-Jun;33(3):302-9..
Keywords: Osteoporosis, Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Slota C, Sayner R, Vitko M
Glaucoma patient expression of medication problems and nonadherence.
The purpose of this article was to evaluate what patient characteristics led patients to express (1) medication problems, including difficulty with side effects and eye drop administration, and (2) problems with nonadherence to glaucoma medications. It found that patients with lower health literacy are less likely to express medication-related problems and patients who express medication problems often express nonadherence.
AHRQ-funded; HS023054.
Citation: Slota C, Sayner R, Vitko M .
Glaucoma patient expression of medication problems and nonadherence.
Optom Vis Sci 2015 May;92(5):537-43. doi: 10.1097/opx.0000000000000574..
Keywords: Eye Disease and Health, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Health Literacy
Thorpe CT, Johnson H, Dopp AL
Medication oversupply in patients with diabetes.
This article describes the development of Child Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS), which included a national field test with 69 hospitals in 34 States, psychometric analysis, and end-user testing of the final survey. The final Child HCAHPS instrument has 62 items, including 39 patient experience items, 10 screeners, 12 demographic/descriptive items and 1 open-ended item.
AHRQ-funded; HS000083; HS018368; HS017646.
Citation: Thorpe CT, Johnson H, Dopp AL .
Medication oversupply in patients with diabetes.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2015 May-Jun;11(3):382-400. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.09.002..
Keywords: Medication, Diabetes, Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS), Children/Adolescents, Hospitals
Zhao B, Jose PO, Pu J
Racial/ethnic differences in hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control for outpatients in Northern California 2010-2012.
The purpose of this paper is to study the prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension among rapidly--growing minority groups. The authors found substantial racial/ethnic variation in hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control in the study population in northern California. Filipino and non-Hispanic black women and men are at especially high risk for hypertension and may have more difficulty in achieving adequate blood pressure control.
AHRQ-funded; HS019815.
Citation: Zhao B, Jose PO, Pu J .
Racial/ethnic differences in hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control for outpatients in Northern California 2010-2012.
Am J Hypertens 2015 May;28(5):631-9. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpu189.
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Keywords: Blood Pressure, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Ambulatory Care and Surgery
Hamilton KW, Gerber JS, Moehring R
Point-of-prescription interventions to improve antimicrobial stewardship.
The purpose of this review was to discuss interventions focusing on antimicrobial prescribing at the point of prescription as well as a pilot project to engage unit-based healthcare providers in antimicrobial stewardship.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Hamilton KW, Gerber JS, Moehring R .
Point-of-prescription interventions to improve antimicrobial stewardship.
Clin Infect Dis 2015 Apr 15;60(8):1252-8. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ018.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Infectious Diseases, Medication, Patient Safety, Prevention
Hughes HK, Korthuis PT, Saha S
A mixed methods study of patient-provider communication about opioid analgesics.
The researchers sought to describe patient-provider communication about opioid pain medicine and explore how these discussions affect provider attitudes toward patients. They found that pain management discussions are common in routine outpatient HIV encounters and providers may regard patients less favorably if opioids are discussed during visits. The sometimes-adversarial nature of these discussions may negatively affect provider attitudes toward patients.
AHRQ-funded; 290010012; HS013903.
Citation: Hughes HK, Korthuis PT, Saha S .
A mixed methods study of patient-provider communication about opioid analgesics.
Patient Educ Couns 2015 Apr;98(4):453-61. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2014.12.003..
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Keywords: Communication, Medication, Opioids, Pain, Clinician-Patient Communication
Conti RM, Padula WV, Larson RA
Changing the cost of care for chronic myeloid leukemia: the availability of generic imatinib in the USA and the EU.
This article discusses various issues associated with potential impact on health system spending levels for chronic myeloid leukemia after generic imatinib becomes available. Included is a review of their implications for the development of country-specific cost-effectiveness models to predict the implications for cost and quality of care from generic imatinib.
AHRQ-funded; HS023710.
Citation: Conti RM, Padula WV, Larson RA .
Changing the cost of care for chronic myeloid leukemia: the availability of generic imatinib in the USA and the EU.
Ann Hematol 2015 Apr;94 Suppl 2:S249-57. doi: 10.1007/s00277-015-2319-x..
Keywords: Cancer, Medication, Healthcare Costs
Romanelli RJ, Chung S, Pu J
Comparative effectiveness of early versus delayed metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
The purpose of this study was to quantify the effectiveness of early versus delayed initiation of metformin monotherapy on glycemic control (measured by change in HbA1c) and weight modification (change in body mass index [BMI]). It found that treatment with metformin earlier in the course of type 2 diabetes is associated with better glycemic control, more pronounced weight reduction, and a lower risk for therapy intensification than delayed treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS019815.
Citation: Romanelli RJ, Chung S, Pu J .
Comparative effectiveness of early versus delayed metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015 Apr;108(1):170-8. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.12.019..
Keywords: Diabetes, Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Obesity: Weight Management, Outcomes
Linder JA
Comparative effectiveness of three anxiolytics for acute respiratory infections: antibiotics, C-reactive protein point-of-care testing, and improved communication.
Forty years of randomized controlled trials, as well as more recent guidelines and performance measures, indicate that antibiotics are not beneficial for acute bronchitis and that the right antibiotic prescribing rate is zero. The author argues that the best cure for acute respiratory infection-related anxiety appears to be improved communication, facilitated by the use of well-designed patient information materials.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419.
Citation: Linder JA .
Comparative effectiveness of three anxiolytics for acute respiratory infections: antibiotics, C-reactive protein point-of-care testing, and improved communication.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Apr;30(4):387-9. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3181-1..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Quality of Care
Lund BC, Schroeder MC, Middendorff G
Effect of hospitalization on inappropriate prescribing in elderly Medicare beneficiaries.
This study sought to determine whether acute hospitalization is associated with a change in potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use and whether use varies across geographic region. It found that despite intervention studies demonstrating up to 80% reduction in PIM use during acute hospitalization, a significant increase in PIM use was observed in a naturalistic setting in Medicare beneficiaries with acute myocardial acute myocardial infarction.
AHRQ-funded; HS018381.
Citation: Lund BC, Schroeder MC, Middendorff G .
Effect of hospitalization on inappropriate prescribing in elderly Medicare beneficiaries.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 Apr;63(4):699-707. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13318..
Keywords: Hospitalization, Medicare, Elderly, Medication
Predmore ZS, Mattke S, Horvitz-Lennon M
Improving antipsychotic adherence among patients with schizophrenia: savings for states.
The authors presented findings of an analysis conducted to quantify the potential net savings to state budgets from interventions to improve adherence to antipsychotic drugs among patients with schizophrenia. Their financial model estimated an annual cost of $21.4 billion (in 2013 dollars) to Medicaid programs and other state agencies for people with schizophrenia. They concluded that better adherence could yield annual net savings of $3.28 billion to states and recommended that states consider interventions shown to increase medication adherence in this patient group.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Predmore ZS, Mattke S, Horvitz-Lennon M .
Improving antipsychotic adherence among patients with schizophrenia: savings for states.
Psychiatr Serv 2015 Apr;66(4):343-5. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201400506.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Medication, Behavioral Health, Patient Adherence/Compliance
De Martino RR, Hoel AW, Beck AW
Participation in the Vascular Quality Initiative is associated with improved perioperative medication use, which is associated with longer patient survival.
The researchers analyzed the effect of Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) participation on perioperative (preoperative and postoperative) medical management (MM) use over time and the effect of discharge MM on patient survival. They demonstrated that MM is associated with improved survival after a number of vascular procedures, and that VQI participation improves the use of MM, demonstrating that involvement in an organized quality effort can affect patient outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS021581.
Citation: De Martino RR, Hoel AW, Beck AW .
Participation in the Vascular Quality Initiative is associated with improved perioperative medication use, which is associated with longer patient survival.
J Vasc Surg 2015 Apr;61(4):1010-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.11.073.
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Keywords: Medication, Quality Improvement, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Practice Patterns