National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
101 to 125 of 434 Research Studies DisplayedChen G, Lewis VA, Gottlieb D
Estimating heterogeneous effects of a policy intervention across organizations when organization affiliation is missing for the control group: application to the evaluation of accountable care organizations.
This study looked at the effects of accountable care organizations (ACOs) on lowering health care costs and reducing the rate of hospital readmissions. The authors used Medicare fee-for-service claims data from 2009-2014 to estimate the heterogenous effects of Medicare ACO programs on hospital admissions across hospital referral regions and provider groups. The results suggested that the ACO programs reduced the rate of readmission to hospitals, and that the effect of joining an ACO varied considerably across medical groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: Chen G, Lewis VA, Gottlieb D .
Estimating heterogeneous effects of a policy intervention across organizations when organization affiliation is missing for the control group: application to the evaluation of accountable care organizations.
Health Serv Outcomes Res Methodol 2021 Mar;21(1):54-68. doi: 10.1007/s10742-020-00230-8..
Keywords: Medicare, Policy, Healthcare Costs, Hospital Readmissions, Health Insurance
McCoy RG, Van Houten HK, Deng Y
Comparison of diabetes medications used by adults with commercial insurance vs Medicare Advantage, 2016 to 2019.
Investigators sought to compare trends in initiation of treatment with GLP-1RA, SGLT2i, and DPP-4i by older adults with type 2 diabetes insured by Medicare Advantage vs commercial health plans. They found that Medicare Advantage beneficiaries may be less likely than commercially insured beneficiaries to be treated with newer medications to lower glucose levels, with greater disparities among lower-income patients. They recommended further investigation of nonclinical factors contributing to treatment decisions and efforts to promote greater equity in diabetes management.
AHRQ-funded; HS025164.
Citation: McCoy RG, Van Houten HK, Deng Y .
Comparison of diabetes medications used by adults with commercial insurance vs Medicare Advantage, 2016 to 2019.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Feb;4(2):e2035792. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.35792..
Keywords: Elderly, Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Medication, Medicare, Health Insurance, Disparities, Low-Income
Polsky D, Wu B
Provider networks and health plan premium variation.
The purpose of this study was to examine how plan premiums are associated with physician network breadth, hospital network breadth, and hospital network quality on the Affordable Care Act's Health Insurance Marketplaces in all 50 states and the DC in 2016. The investigators concluded that physician network breadth and hospital network breadth contributed positively to plan premiums.
AHRQ-funded; HS025976.
Citation: Polsky D, Wu B .
Provider networks and health plan premium variation.
Health Serv Res 2021 Feb;56(1):16-24. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13447..
Keywords: Health Insurance, Healthcare Costs, Policy, Access to Care
Jacobs PD
AHRQ Author: Jacobs PD
The impact of Medicare on access to and affordability of health care.
Jacobs used MEPS data and the National Health Interview Survey to test for changes in access to care and affordability around age sixty-five and found that Medicare eligibility is associated with a reduction in reports of being unable to get necessary care as well as a reduction in not being able to get needed care because of the cost. The author concluded that incremental Medicare expansions could have positive access and affordability benefits for enrollees compared with the insurance options available to them before they turn sixty-five.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Jacobs PD .
The impact of Medicare on access to and affordability of health care.
Health Aff 2021 Feb;40(2):266-73. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00940..
Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Access to Care, Healthcare Costs, Health Insurance
Hill CE, Reynolds EL, Burke JF
Increasing out-of-pocket costs for neurologic care for privately insured patients.
This study examined out-of-pocket (OOP) costs of evaluation and management (E/M) services and common diagnostic testing for neurology patients. Patients with a neurologist visit or diagnostic test from 2001 to 2016 were identified from a large, privately insured health care claims database. Inflation-adjusted OOP costs were assessed. The database identified 3,724,342 patients. The most frequent services used were E/M (78.5%), EMG/nerve conduction studies (NCS) (7.7%), MRIs (5.3%), and EEGs (4.5%). Mean OOP cost increased over time, most substantially for EEG, MRI, and E/M. The range of OOP costs in 2016 varied considerably. For example, for an MRI, the 50th percentile paid $103.10 and the 95th percentile paid $875.40.
AHRQ-funded; HS022258.
Citation: Hill CE, Reynolds EL, Burke JF .
Increasing out-of-pocket costs for neurologic care for privately insured patients.
Neurology 2021 Jan 19;96(3):e322-e32. doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011278..
Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Health Insurance, Neurological Disorders
Fung V, Price M, Hull P
Assessment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act's increase in fees for primary care and access to care for dual-eligible beneficiaries.
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the Affordable Care Act (ACA) fee bump and primary care visits for dual-eligible Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries. Medicare claims data from 2012 to 2016 was used. Findings showed that the ACA fee bump was not associated with increases in primary care visits for dual-eligible Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries. Additionally, visits for dual-eligible beneficiaries with primary care physicians decreased after the ACA, a decrease that was partially offset by increases in visits with nonphysician clinicians.
AHRQ-funded; HS024725; HS025378.
Citation: Fung V, Price M, Hull P .
Assessment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act's increase in fees for primary care and access to care for dual-eligible beneficiaries.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Jan;4(1):e2033424. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.33424..
Keywords: Access to Care, Medicaid, Medicare, Health Insurance, Healthcare Costs, Policy
Spivack SB, Murray GF, Rodriguez HP
Avoiding Medicaid: characteristics of primary care practices with no Medicaid revenue.
Primary care access for Medicaid patients is an ongoing area of concern. Most studies of providers' participation in Medicaid have focused on factors associated with the Medicaid program, such as reimbursement rates. Few studies have examined the characteristics of primary care practices associated with Medicaid participation. In this study, the investigators used a nationally representative survey of primary care practices to compare practices with no, low, and high Medicaid revenue.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: Spivack SB, Murray GF, Rodriguez HP .
Avoiding Medicaid: characteristics of primary care practices with no Medicaid revenue.
Health Aff 2021 Jan;40(1):98-104. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00100..
Keywords: Medicaid, Health Insurance, Payment, Primary Care, Provider
Hatch B, Hoopes M, Darney BG
Impacts of the Affordable Care Act on receipt of women's preventive services in Community Health Centers in Medicaid expansion and nonexpansion states.
Researchers assessed whether ACA implementation and Medicaid expansion were followed by greater receipt of recommended preventive services among women and girls in a large network of community health centers. Data was collected from electronic health records in 14 states. The researchers found that among female patients at community health centers, receipt of recommended preventive care improved after ACA implementation in both Medicaid expansion and non-expansion states, although the overall rates remained low. They recommended continued support to overcome barriers to preventive care in this population.
AHRQ-funded; HS025155.
Citation: Hatch B, Hoopes M, Darney BG .
Impacts of the Affordable Care Act on receipt of women's preventive services in Community Health Centers in Medicaid expansion and nonexpansion states.
Womens Health Issues 2021 Jan-Feb;31(1):9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2020.08.011..
Keywords: Cancer, Medicaid, Health Insurance, Uninsured, Access to Care, Policy, Cancer: Cervical Cancer, Prevention, Women, Healthcare Utilization
Hammad Mrig E
Integrating fundamental cause theory and Bourdieu to explain pathways between socioeconomic status and health: the case of health insurance denials for genetic testing.
This paper proposes that Pierre Bourdieu's theories of capital and symbolic power can be integrated with fundamental cause theory to address limitations in the latter theory, making it more useful in health disparities research. This work deepens appreciation for the durable relationship between socioeconomic status and health. Study results reveal the multiple and complex mechanisms that play a role in access to healthcare services, which has significant implications for how we think about the role of health policy in addressing health disparities.
AHRQ-funded; HS017589.
Citation: Hammad Mrig E .
Integrating fundamental cause theory and Bourdieu to explain pathways between socioeconomic status and health: the case of health insurance denials for genetic testing.
Sociol Health Illn 2021 Jan;43(1):133-48. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.13195..
Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Disparities, Health Insurance, Access to Care, Genetics, Policy
Grosse SD, Ji X, Zuvekas
AHRQ Author: Zuvekas SH
Spending on young children with autism spectrum disorder in employer-sponsored plans, 2011-2017.
This study looked at spending trends on young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in employer-sponsored plans from 2011 to 2017. This cross-section analysis examined claims data from large-employer-sponsored health plans and assessed changes in annual expenditures by service type for children ages 3-5 enrolled for 1 year or more, and with two or more claims with ASD billing codes within a calendar year and compared it to all children. Mean spending per children with ASD increased by 51% in 2017 US dollars in 2017, while for all children the increase was 8%. ASD spending accounted for 41% of spending growth for children ages 3-7 during 2011-2017. Outpatient behavioral intervention-related spending increased by 376% during the time period, while spending on all other services increased by 2%.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Grosse SD, Ji X, Zuvekas .
Spending on young children with autism spectrum disorder in employer-sponsored plans, 2011-2017.
Psychiatr Serv 2021 Jan;72(1):16-22. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000099.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Autism, Health Insurance, Healthcare Costs
Fraze TK, Beidler LB, Briggs ADM
Translating evidence into practice: ACOs' use of care plans for patients with complex health needs.
Researchers sought to understand how Medicare accountable care organizations (ACOs) use care plans to manage patients with complex clinical needs. After conducting semi-structured interviews with Medicare ACOs, they found that ACOs were using care plans for patients with complex needs, but their use of care plans did not always meet the best practices; ACOs were adapting use of care plans to better fit the needs of patients and providers.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: Fraze TK, Beidler LB, Briggs ADM .
Translating evidence into practice: ACOs' use of care plans for patients with complex health needs.
J Gen Intern Med 2021 Jan;36(1):147-53. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06122-4..
Keywords: Implementation, Evidence-Based Practice, Medicare, Health Insurance, Healthcare Delivery
Graves JA, Nshuti L, Everson J
Breadth and exclusivity of hospital and physician networks in US insurance markets.
The goal of this study was to quantify network breadth and overlap among primary care physician (PCP), cardiology, and general acute care hospital networks for employer-based (large group and small group), individually purchased (marketplace), Medicare Advantage (MA), and Medicaid managed care (MMC) plans. The main outcomes measured were percentage of in-network physicians and/or hospitals within a 60-minute drive from a hypothetical patient in a given zip code (breadth), and the number of physicians and/or hospitals within each network that overlapped with other insurers' networks, expressed as a percentage of the total possible number of shared connections (exclusivity). Networks were categorized by network breadth size and analyzed by insurance type, state, and insurance, physician, and/or hospital market concentration level, as measured by the Hirschman-Herfindahl index. Markets with concentrated primary care and insurance markets had the broadest and least exclusive primary care networks among large-group commercial plans. Markets with the least concentration had the narrowest and most exclusive networks. Rising levels of insurer and market concentration were associated with broader and less exclusive healthcare networks. The authors suggest that this means that patients could switch to a lower-cost, narrow network plan without losing-in-network coverage to their PCP.
AHRQ-funded; HS025976; HS026395.
Citation: Graves JA, Nshuti L, Everson J .
Breadth and exclusivity of hospital and physician networks in US insurance markets.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Dec;3(12):e2029419. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.29419..
Keywords: Health Insurance, Learning Health Systems, Health Systems, Primary Care, Hospitals, Healthcare Delivery
Friedman S, Xu H, Azocar F
Carve-out plan financial requirements associated with national behavioral health parity.
The authors examined changes in carve-out financial requirements following the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA). They found that the MHPAEA was associated with increased generosity in most observed financial requirements, but increased use of deductibles may have reduced generosity for some patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS024866.
Citation: Friedman S, Xu H, Azocar F .
Carve-out plan financial requirements associated with national behavioral health parity.
Health Serv Res 2020 Dec;55(6):924-31. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13542..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Healthcare Costs, Health Insurance, Access to Care, Policy
Everson J, Adler-Milstein J, Ryan AM
Hospitals strengthened relationships with close partners after joining accountable care organizations.
This study tested the hypothesis that hospitals participating in Medicare Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) try to influence where their patients receive care in order to achieve quality and cost containment goals. The authors studied hospitals participating in ACO from 2010 to 2014. ACO hospitals shared patients 4.4% more than non-ACO hospitals. This occurred disproportionately at hospitals that already shared a high proportion of their patients prior to participation and among hospitals in ACOs characterized as physician-hospital collaborations.
AHRQ-funded; HS024525; HS024728.
Citation: Everson J, Adler-Milstein J, Ryan AM .
Hospitals strengthened relationships with close partners after joining accountable care organizations.
Med Care Res Rev 2020 Dec;77(6):549-58. doi: 10.1177/1077558718818336..
Keywords: Hospitals, Medicare, Policy, Health Insurance
Henke RM, Karaca Z, Gibson TB
Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations and childbirth outcomes.
This study examined the impact of Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) to childbirth outcomes. States that use Medicaid ACOs were compared with states that had not adopted ACO. Using HCUP data, the relationship between Medicaid ACO adoption and neonatal and maternal outcomes, and cost per birth was examined. Medicaid ACO implementation was associated with a moderate reduction in hospital costs per birth and decreased cesarean section rates with results varying by state. There was no association with other birth outcomes, including infant inpatient mortality, low birthweight, neonatal intensive care unit utilization and severe maternal morbidity.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201300002C.
Citation: Henke RM, Karaca Z, Gibson TB .
Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations and childbirth outcomes.
Med Care Res Rev 2020 Dec;77(6):559-73. doi: 10.1177/1077558718823132..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Medicaid, Health Insurance, Healthcare Costs, Labor and Delivery, Pregnancy, Women, Outcomes
Zhou RA, Beaulieu ND, Cutler D
Primary care quality and cost for privately insured patients in and out of US health systems: evidence from four states.
The purpose of this study was to characterize physician health system membership in four states between 2012 and 2016 and to compare primary care quality and cost between in-system providers and non-system providers for the commercially insured population. Investigators concluded that a growing share of physicians were part of a health system from 2012 to 2016.
AHRQ-funded; HS024072.
Citation: Zhou RA, Beaulieu ND, Cutler D .
Primary care quality and cost for privately insured patients in and out of US health systems: evidence from four states.
Health Serv Res 2020 Dec;55(Suppl 3):1098-106. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13590.
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Keywords: Primary Care, Quality of Care, Health Insurance, Healthcare Costs
Larson AE, Hoopes M, Angier H
Private/marketplace insurance in community health centers 5 years post-affordable care act in Medicaid expansion and non-expansion states.
This study compared differences in private/marketplace insurance in community health centers (CHCs) 5 years post-Affordable Care Act (ACA) in Medicaid expansion and non-expansion states. Electronic health record data from 702,663 patients in clinics across 20 states was used to explore trends in private/market insurance post-expansion and whether CHC patients retain private/marketplace insurance. The authors found that patients in non-expansion state CHCs relied more heavily on private/marketplace insurance than patients in expansive states and had increased visits from 2014 through 2018. There was a more pronounced seasonal variation in private/marketplace-insured visits too. A greater percentage of those who in non-expansion states did not retain private/marketplace insurance become uninsured, while those in expansion states gained other types of health insurance.
AHRQ-funded; HS024270.
Citation: Larson AE, Hoopes M, Angier H .
Private/marketplace insurance in community health centers 5 years post-affordable care act in Medicaid expansion and non-expansion states.
Prev Med 2020 Dec;141:106271. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106271..
Keywords: Medicaid, Health Insurance, Access to Care, Policy
Benson NM, Myong C, Newhouse JP
Psychiatrist participation in private health insurance markets: paucity in the land of plenty.
Using 2013 Massachusetts licensing data and the All-Payer Claims Database, researchers performed a cross-sectional analysis of licensed psychiatrists in Massachusetts to examine the extent of participation in private insurance. They found that, among Massachusetts psychiatrists, participation in the private insurance market appeared to be limited. Older psychiatrists were more likely to participate, and patients' access to psychiatrists who accept insurance could worsen as these psychiatrists retire.
AHRQ-funded; HS024725.
Citation: Benson NM, Myong C, Newhouse JP .
Psychiatrist participation in private health insurance markets: paucity in the land of plenty.
Psychiatr Serv 2020 Dec;71(12):1232-38. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000022..
Keywords: Health Insurance, Behavioral Health, Access to Care, Provider: Physician, Provider
Hudson JL, Moriya AS
AHRQ Author: Hudson JL
The role of marketplace policy on welcome mat effects for children eligible for Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program.
This study examined the role of marketplace policy on “welcome mat” effects for children eligible for Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Data from the American Community Survey from 2013-2018 was used to estimate the relationship between Marketplace policy and increases in Medicaid/CHIP coverage among pre-ACA eligible children after the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The sample included non-disabled citizen children ages 0-18 at 139-250% federal poverty level who were Medicaid/CHIP-eligible before and after implementation of the ACA. Marketplace policies and enrollment were compared in expansion states versus non-expansion states. Public coverage did increase more in states that empowered their Marketplace to enroll publicly-eligible applicants directly into Medicaid/CHIP. This was driven by enrollment policy, not by choice of state-based versus federal-based Marketplaces. Welcome mats were largest in expansion states and increases ranged from 9 to 13 percentage points in enrollment.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Hudson JL, Moriya AS .
The role of marketplace policy on welcome mat effects for children eligible for Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program.
Inquiry 2020 Jan-Dec;57:46958020952920. doi: 10.1177/0046958020952920..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), Medicaid, Health Insurance, Policy, Uninsured, Access to Care
Geissler K, Ranchoff BL, Cooper MI
Association of insurance status with provision of recommended services during comprehensive postpartum visits.
Investigators examined rates of recommended services during the comprehensive postpartum visits and differences by insurance type. Data was taken from annual National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys. Their findings suggested that receipt of recommended services during comprehensive postpartum visits was less than 50% for most services and was similar across insurance types. These findings underscored the importance of efforts to reconceptualize postpartum care to ensure that women have access to a range of supports to manage their health during this sensitive period.
AHRQ-funded; HS025515.
Citation: Geissler K, Ranchoff BL, Cooper MI .
Association of insurance status with provision of recommended services during comprehensive postpartum visits.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Nov 2;3(11):e2025095. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25095..
Keywords: Maternal Care, Pregnancy, Women, Health Insurance, Access to Care, Healthcare Utilization
Dalton VK, Moniz MH, Bailey MJ
Trends in birth rates after elimination of cost sharing for contraception by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
Researchers evaluated changes in birth rates by income level among commercially insured women before (2008-2013) and after (2014-2018) the elimination of cost sharing for contraception under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). The analytic sample included over 4.5 million women enrolled in 47,721 health plans. In this cross-sectional study, the researchers found that the elimination of cost sharing for contraception under the ACA was associated with improvements in contraceptive method prescription fills and a decrease in births among commercially insured women. Women with low income had more precipitous decreases than women with higher income, suggesting that enhanced access to contraception may address well-documented income-related disparities in unintended birth rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS025465; HS023784.
Citation: Dalton VK, Moniz MH, Bailey MJ .
Trends in birth rates after elimination of cost sharing for contraception by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Nov 2;3(11):e2024398. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24398..
Keywords: Policy, Health Insurance, Women, Healthcare Costs, Pregnancy, Sexual Health
Odlum M, Moise N, Kronish IM
Trends in poor health indicators among Black and Hispanic middle-aged and older adults in the United States, 1999-2018.
This study used records extracted from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to determine which health indicators have improved or became worse among Black and Hispanic middle-aged (45 and older) adults compared to Whites from 1999 to 2018. This data is required by the Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education Act of 2000. A sample included of 4,856,326 participants, of them 60.9% women, mean age 60.4. During the last 20 years, Black adults showed an overall decrease showing improvement in uninsured status and physical inactivity while showing an overall increase in hypertension, diabetes, asthma, and stroke, and also the same increases and decreases in the Black-White gap. Hispanic adults showed improvement in physical inactivity and perceived poor health, while they showed overall deterioration in hypertension and diabetes. The Hispanic-White gap improved in coronary heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, asthma, arthritis, depression and physical inactivity while it increased for diabetes, hypertension, and uninsured status.
AHRQ-funded; HS025198.
Citation: Odlum M, Moise N, Kronish IM .
Trends in poor health indicators among Black and Hispanic middle-aged and older adults in the United States, 1999-2018.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Nov 2;3(11):e2025134. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25134..
Keywords: Elderly, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Health Status, Health Insurance, Diabetes, Blood Pressure, Chronic Conditions
Wisk LE, Peltz A, Galbraith AA
Changes in health care-related financial burden for US families with children associated with the Affordable Care Act.
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) sought to improve access and affordability of health insurance. Although most ACA policies targeted childless adults, the extent to which these policies also impacted families with children remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in health care-related financial burden for US families with children before and after the ACA was implemented based on income eligibility for ACA policies.
AHRQ-funded; HS024700.
Citation: Wisk LE, Peltz A, Galbraith AA .
Changes in health care-related financial burden for US families with children associated with the Affordable Care Act.
JAMA Pediatr 2020 Nov;174(11):1032-40. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3973..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Healthcare Costs, Health Insurance, Policy, Access to Care
Roberts ET, McGarry BE, Glynn A
Cognition and take-up of the Medicare Savings Programs.
In this study, the investigators examined the association between cognition and Medicare Savings Program (MSP) enrollment among elderly Medicare beneficiaries who qualified for these programs. They also examined enrollment in the Low-Income Subsidy (LIS), a separate program that provides premium and cost-sharing assistance in Medicare Part D that Medicare beneficiaries automatically received if they are enrolled in an MSP.
AHRQ-funded; HS026727.
Citation: Roberts ET, McGarry BE, Glynn A .
Cognition and take-up of the Medicare Savings Programs.
JAMA Intern Med 2020 Nov;180(11):1529-31. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2783..
Keywords: Elderly, Medicare, Health Insurance, Healthcare Costs, Low-Income, Dementia, Neurological Disorders
Soylu TG, Goldberg DG, Cuellar AE
Medicare access and CHIP reauthorization act in small to medium-sized primary care practices.
Despite major efforts to transition to a new physician payment system under the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA), little is known about how well practices are prepared. This study aimed to understand how small and medium-sized primary care practices in the Heart of Virginia Healthcare (https://www.vahealthinnovation.org/hvh/) perceived their quality incentives under MACRA.
AHRQ-funded; HS023913.
Citation: Soylu TG, Goldberg DG, Cuellar AE .
Medicare access and CHIP reauthorization act in small to medium-sized primary care practices.
J Am Board Fam Med 2020 Nov-Dec;33(6):942-52. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2020.06.200142..
Keywords: Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), Medicare, Primary Care, Health Insurance