National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
376 to 400 of 449 Research Studies DisplayedHeo HH, Sentell TL, Li D
Disparities in potentially preventable hospitalizations for chronic conditions among Korean Americans, Hawaii, 2010-2012.
The researchers compared preventable hospitalizations for chronic conditions in aggregate and for congestive heart failure (CHF) for Korean Americans and whites in Hawaii. They found that older Korean American patients may have significant disparities in preventable hospitalizations, which suggests poor access to or poor quality of primary health care.
AHRQ-funded; HS019990.
Citation: Heo HH, Sentell TL, Li D .
Disparities in potentially preventable hospitalizations for chronic conditions among Korean Americans, Hawaii, 2010-2012.
Prev Chronic Dis 2015 Sep 17;12:E152. doi: 10.5888/pcd12.150057.
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Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Hospitalization, Prevention, Chronic Conditions
Traino HM, Nonterah CW, Cyrus JW
Disparities in the completion of steps to kidney transplantation: protocol for a systematic review.
This review will catalogue disparities in the steps to transplantation as well as the barriers and facilitators to completion of each step identified in the extant literature. The results of the review will be used to generate recommendations for future research to improve equity in access to kidney transplantation.
AHRQ-funded; HS018113.
Citation: Traino HM, Nonterah CW, Cyrus JW .
Disparities in the completion of steps to kidney transplantation: protocol for a systematic review.
BMJ Open 2015 Sep 08;5(9):e008677. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008677.
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Keywords: Disparities, Transplantation, Kidney Disease and Health, Access to Care, Guidelines
Waljee JF, Chang KW, Kim HM
Gender disparities in academic practice.
The authors sought to examine differences in faculty position and professional satisfaction among academic physicians by gender. They found that men more often held tenure track positions compared with women and women reported lower levels of professional satisfaction in academic practice compared with men.
AHRQ-funded; HS023313.
Citation: Waljee JF, Chang KW, Kim HM .
Gender disparities in academic practice.
Plast Reconstr Surg 2015 Sep;136(3):380e-87e. doi: 10.1097/prs.0000000000001530..
Keywords: Disparities, Provider, Provider Performance, Sex Factors
Sofolahan-Oladeinde Y, Mullins CD, Baquet CR
Using community-based participatory research in patient-centered outcomes research to address health disparities in under-represented communities.
The authors proposed ways by which patient-centered outcomes research can effectively use community-based participatory research principles to engage patients in general, and specifically patients from underserved communities, in the hope that this will help to reduce and eventually eliminate health disparities.
AHRQ-funded; HS022135.
Citation: Sofolahan-Oladeinde Y, Mullins CD, Baquet CR .
Using community-based participatory research in patient-centered outcomes research to address health disparities in under-represented communities.
J Comp Eff Res 2015 Sep;4(5):515-23. doi: 10.2217/cer.15.31.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Vulnerable Populations
Rust G, Zhang S, Malhotra K
Paths to health equity: local area variation in progress toward eliminating breast cancer mortality disparities, 1990-2009.
The researchers examined county-level, age-adjusted breast cancer mortality rates for women who were 35 to 74 years old during the period of 1989-2010. They found that more than half of the counties (54%) showed persistent, unchanging disparities. Roughly 1 in 4 (24%) had a divergent pattern of worsening black/white disparities.
AHRQ-funded; HS022444.
Citation: Rust G, Zhang S, Malhotra K .
Paths to health equity: local area variation in progress toward eliminating breast cancer mortality disparities, 1990-2009.
Cancer 2015 Aug 15;121(16):2765-74. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29405..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Davis AE, Mehrotra S, Friedewald JJ
Improving geographic equity in kidney transplantation using alternative kidney sharing and optimization modeling.
The authors analyzed current kidney allocation and developed an alternative kidney sharing strategy using a multiperiod linear optimization model, KSHARE, which aims to improve geographic equity in kidney transplantation while also respecting transplant system constraints and priorities. They used Organ Procurement and Transplant Network data to determine that enhancing the practice of sharing kidneys by the KSHARE model may increase geographic equity in kidney transplantation.
AHRQ-funded; HS021078.
Citation: Davis AE, Mehrotra S, Friedewald JJ .
Improving geographic equity in kidney transplantation using alternative kidney sharing and optimization modeling.
Med Decis Making 2015 Aug;35(6):797-807. doi: 10.1177/0272989x14557696.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Health Services Research (HSR), Social Determinants of Health, Transplantation
Wielen LM, Gilchrist EC, Nowels MA
Not near enough: racial and ethnic disparities in access to nearby behavioral health care and primary care.
The authors addressed disparities associated with integrated behavioral health and primary care services. They found that primary care providers practicing in neighborhoods with higher percentages of African Americans and Hispanics were less likely to have geographically proximate behavioral health professionals; this also applied to rural areas. They concluded that additional behavioral health professionals are needed in racial/ethnic minority neighborhoods and rural areas to provide access to behavioral health services, and to progress toward more integrated primary care.
AHRQ-funded; HS022444.
Citation: Wielen LM, Gilchrist EC, Nowels MA .
Not near enough: racial and ethnic disparities in access to nearby behavioral health care and primary care.
J Health Care Poor Underserved 2015 Aug;26(3):1032-47. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2015.0083.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Disparities, Primary Care, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Chhatre S, Malkowicz SB, Schwartz JS
Understanding the racial and ethnic differences in cost and mortality among advanced stage prostate cancer patients (STROBE).
The aims of the study were to understand the racial/ethnic differences in cost of care and mortality in Medicare elderly with advanced stage prostate cancer. It found that relationship between race/ethnicity, cost of care, and mortality is intricate. For non-Hispanic black men, disparity in mortality can be attributed to treatment differences.
AHRQ-funded; HS024106.
Citation: Chhatre S, Malkowicz SB, Schwartz JS .
Understanding the racial and ethnic differences in cost and mortality among advanced stage prostate cancer patients (STROBE).
Med Health 2015 Aug;94(32):e1353. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000001353..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Elderly, Disparities
Lyles C, Schillinger D, Sarkar U
Connecting the dots: health information technology expansion and health disparities.
The authors argue that early evidence links EHR and portal use to better healthcare processes and health outcomes. Promoting patient engagement with health technology such as portals is challenging, and rapid expansion of portals could exacerbate existing healthcare disparities if only well-resourced individuals use these websites.
AHRQ-funded; HS023558; HS022408; HS022047.
Citation: Lyles C, Schillinger D, Sarkar U .
Connecting the dots: health information technology expansion and health disparities.
PLoS Med 2015 Jul 14;12(7):e1001852. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001852..
Keywords: Disparities, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Patient and Family Engagement, Web-Based
Moore JX, Donnelly JP, Griffin R
Black-white racial disparities in sepsis: a prospective analysis of the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort.
The researchers sought to characterize racial differences in incident sepsis in a large cohort of adult community-dwelling adults. They found that in the REGARDS cohort, black participants were less likely than white participants to experience infection and sepsis events.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Moore JX, Donnelly JP, Griffin R .
Black-white racial disparities in sepsis: a prospective analysis of the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort.
Crit Care 2015 Jul 10;19:279. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-0992-8..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Hospitalization, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Berkowitz SA, Percac-Lima S, Ashburner JM
Building equity improvement into quality improvement: reducing socioeconomic disparities in colorectal cancer screening as part of population health management.
The aim of this study was to determine if implementation of a system-wide screening intervention could reduce disparities in the setting of improved overall screening rates. It found that a multifaceted population management intervention sensitive to the needs of vulnerable patients modestly narrowed disparities in colorectal cancer screening, while also increasing overall screening rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS018161.
Citation: Berkowitz SA, Percac-Lima S, Ashburner JM .
Building equity improvement into quality improvement: reducing socioeconomic disparities in colorectal cancer screening as part of population health management.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Jul;30(7):942-9. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3227-4..
Keywords: Disparities, Screening, Social Determinants of Health, Colonoscopy
Hicks CW, Hashmi ZG, Hui X
Explaining the paradoxical age-based racial disparities in survival after trauma: The role of the treating facility.
This study sought to determine if differences in outcomes at treating facilities can help explain age-based racial disparities in survival after trauma. For example, among patients older than 65 years, blacks had decreased odds of mortality compared with whites. It found that facility-based differences do not seem to explain this paradoxical age-based racial disparity after trauma observed in the older population.
AHRQ-funded; HS017952.
Citation: Hicks CW, Hashmi ZG, Hui X .
Explaining the paradoxical age-based racial disparities in survival after trauma: The role of the treating facility.
AHRQ-funded; HS017952..
Keywords: Disparities, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
Malecki K, Wisk LE, Walsh M
Oral health equity and unmet dental care needs in a population-based sample: findings from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin.
The authors explored individual-, psychosocial-, and community-level predictors of oral health status in the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin Oral Health Screening project. Their results suggested that costs were a primary predictor of access to care and poor oral health status, underscoring the role that primary care, in conjunction with dental health care providers, could play in promoting oral health care, particularly in reducing barriers and promoting preventive health behaviors.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Malecki K, Wisk LE, Walsh M .
Oral health equity and unmet dental care needs in a population-based sample: findings from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin.
Am J Public Health 2015 Jul;105 Suppl 3:S466-74. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302338.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Dental and Oral Health, Disparities, Healthcare Costs, Health Services Research (HSR)
Bhave PD, Lu X, Girotra S
Race- and sex-related differences in care for patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation.
The researchers sought to determine whether significant race and sex differences exist in the treatment of newly diagnosed AF in Medicare beneficiaries. They found that there were statistically significant differences in the use of AF-related services by both race and sex, with white patients and male patients receiving the most care.
AHRQ-funded; HS021992.
Citation: Bhave PD, Lu X, Girotra S .
Race- and sex-related differences in care for patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation.
Heart Rhythm 2015 Jul;12(7):1406-12. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.03.031..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors, Disparities
Jack B, Bickmore T, Hempstead M
Reducing preconception risks among African American women with conversational agent technology.
The researchers developed and tested “Gabby,” an online preconception conversational agent system, in a 6-month randomized controlled trial of non-pregnant African American women, most in college, to determine how well Gabby works and to identify additional areas for improvement. They found that Gabby was significantly associated with preconception risk reduction.
AHRQ-funded; 290200600012I.
Citation: Jack B, Bickmore T, Hempstead M .
Reducing preconception risks among African American women with conversational agent technology.
J Am Board Fam Med 2015 Jul-Aug;28(4):441-51. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.04.140327..
Keywords: Disparities, Health Promotion, Risk, Pregnancy
Sims M, Redmond N, Khodneva Y
Depressive symptoms are associated with incident coronary heart disease or revascularization among blacks but not among whites in the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke study.
The authors examined the association of depressive symptoms with coronary heart disease (CHD) end points by race and income. They found that high depressive symptoms were associated with higher risk of CHD or revascularization for blacks but not whites.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Sims M, Redmond N, Khodneva Y .
Depressive symptoms are associated with incident coronary heart disease or revascularization among blacks but not among whites in the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke study.
Ann Epidemiol 2015 Jun;25(6):426-32. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.03.014.
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Keywords: Depression, Disparities, Heart Disease and Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Stroke
Horner-Johnson W, Dobbertin K, Beilstein-Wedel E
Disparities in dental care associated with disability and race and ethnicity.
The purpose of this study was to determine how the combination of disability and race and ethnicity is associated with dental examinations, delays in receiving needed care, and inability to obtain needed care among noninstitutionalized working-age adults in the United States. It found that, compared with non-Hispanic whites, other racial and ethnic groups were less likely to receive annual dental examinations.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Horner-Johnson W, Dobbertin K, Beilstein-Wedel E .
Disparities in dental care associated with disability and race and ethnicity.
J Am Dent Assoc 2015 Jun;146(6):366-74. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.01.024..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Dental and Oral Health, Disparities
Haywood C, Lanzkron S, Hughes M
The association of clinician characteristics with their attitudes toward patients with sickle cell disease: secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial.
The researchers explore the extent to which clinician characteristics such as race, sex, professional discipline, and amount of exposure to sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in pain may be associated with attitudes toward SCD patients generally. They concluded that clinician attitudes toward sickle cell patients vary notably by the demographic and clinical experiences of the clinician.
AHRQ-funded; HS013903.
Citation: Haywood C, Lanzkron S, Hughes M .
The association of clinician characteristics with their attitudes toward patients with sickle cell disease: secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial.
J Natl Med Assoc 2015 Jun;107(2):89-96..
Keywords: Sickle Cell Disease, Pain, Disparities
Zhu J, Weingart SN, Ritter GA
Racial/Ethnic disparities in patient experience with communication in hospitals: real differences or measurement errors?
This study examined assumptions about the degree of commonality across racial/ethnic groups in their perceptions and investigated the validity of racial/ethnic differences in communication quality. Its results provide strongest support for racial/ethnic comparisons on communication with nurses and doctors, and reason to caution against comparisons on communication about medicines due to significant differences in model parameters across groups.
AHRQ-funded; 290010003.
Citation: Zhu J, Weingart SN, Ritter GA .
Racial/Ethnic disparities in patient experience with communication in hospitals: real differences or measurement errors?
Med Care 2015 May;53(5):446-54. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000350..
Keywords: Disparities, Clinician-Patient Communication, Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Quality of Care
Pisu M, Kenzik KM, Oster RA
Economic hardship of minority and non-minority cancer survivors 1 year after diagnosis: another long-term effect of cancer?
The authors investigated economic hardships experienced by racial/ethnic minority cancer survivors compared to whites. They found that economic hardship was evident in almost 1 in 2 cancer survivors 1 year after diagnosis, especially African Americans. They recommended that future research evaluate and address risk factors and their impact on survival and survivorship outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Pisu M, Kenzik KM, Oster RA .
Economic hardship of minority and non-minority cancer survivors 1 year after diagnosis: another long-term effect of cancer?
Cancer 2015 Apr 15;121(8):1257-64. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29206.
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Keywords: Cancer, Disparities, Healthcare Costs, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
D'Onofrio G, Safdar B, Lichtman JH
Sex differences in reperfusion in young patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: results from the VIRGO study.
Sex disparities in reperfusion therapy for patients with acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction have been documented. The authors tested these patterns in the comparison of young women with men.They found that young women with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction are less likely to receive reperfusion therapy and more likely to have reperfusion delays than similarly aged men.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: D'Onofrio G, Safdar B, Lichtman JH .
Sex differences in reperfusion in young patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: results from the VIRGO study.
Circulation 2015 Apr 14;131(15):1324-32. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.012293.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Disparities, Heart Disease and Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Sex Factors
Ringwalt C, Roberts AW, Gugelmann H
Racial disparities across provider specialties in opioid prescriptions dispensed to Medicaid beneficiaries with chronic noncancer pain.
The purpose of this study was to examine differences across providers’ specialties in prescriptions filled by white and black Medicaid beneficiaries with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). It found that race-based differences in beneficiaries’ dispensed opioid prescriptions were more prominent among patients of specialists in obstetrics and gynecology and internal medicine, as well as general practitioners/family medicine physicians.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Ringwalt C, Roberts AW, Gugelmann H .
Racial disparities across provider specialties in opioid prescriptions dispensed to Medicaid beneficiaries with chronic noncancer pain.
Pain Med 2015 Apr;16(4):633-40. doi: 10.1111/pme.12555..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Disparities, Medicaid, Medication, Opioids, Pain, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Walsh T, Bertozzi-Villa C, Schneider JA
Systematic review of racial disparities in human papillomavirus-associated anal dysplasia and anal cancer among men who have sex with men.
The researchers systematically reviewed the literature on anal human papillomavirus (HPV)infection, dysplasia, and cancer among Black and White men who have sex with men (MSM) to determine if a racial disparity exists. They determined that studies involving Black MSM are nearly absent from the literature. Of 25 eligible studies, 2 stratified by race and sexual behavior. Both reported an elevated rate of abnormal anal outcomes among Black MSM.
AHRQ-funded; HS023050.
Citation: Walsh T, Bertozzi-Villa C, Schneider JA .
Systematic review of racial disparities in human papillomavirus-associated anal dysplasia and anal cancer among men who have sex with men.
Am J Public Health 2015 Apr;105(4):e34-45. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302469..
Keywords: Disparities, Sexual Health, Risk
Cook BL, Liu Z, Lessios AS
The costs and benefits of reducing racial-ethnic disparities in mental health care.
The investigators examined whether reducing racial-ethnic disparities in mental health care offsets costs of care. They found that, for blacks and Latinos, the potential savings from eliminating disparities in inpatient general medical expenditures are substantial, as much as $1 billion nationwide, suggesting that financial and equity considerations can be aligned when planning disparity reduction programs.
AHRQ-funded; HS021486.
Citation: Cook BL, Liu Z, Lessios AS .
The costs and benefits of reducing racial-ethnic disparities in mental health care.
Psychiatr Serv 2015 Apr;66(4):389-96. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201400070.
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Keywords: Disparities, Healthcare Costs, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Behavioral Health
Adams AS, Soumerai SB, Zhang F
Effects of eliminating drug caps on racial differences in antidepressant use among dual enrollees with diabetes and depression.
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of removing a significant financial barrier to prescription medications (drug caps) on existing black-white disparities in antidepressant treatment rates among patients with diabetes and comorbid depression. It found that policies that remove financial barriers to medications may increase depression treatment rates among patients with diabetes overall while exacerbating treatment disparities.
AHRQ-funded; HS018577; HS018072.
Citation: Adams AS, Soumerai SB, Zhang F .
Effects of eliminating drug caps on racial differences in antidepressant use among dual enrollees with diabetes and depression.
Clin Ther 2015 Mar;37(3):597-609. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.12.011..
Keywords: Medication, Disparities, Depression, Diabetes, Healthcare Costs