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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
201 to 225 of 463 Research Studies DisplayedKhazanie P, Greiner MA, Al-Khatib SM
Comparative effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy among patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: Findings from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry.
The researchers investigated the outcomes of patients with both atrial fibrillation and heart failure who receive cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D) compared with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) alone. They found that CRT-D was associated with lower risks of mortality, all-cause readmission, and heart failure readmission, as well as with a similar risk of complications compared with ICD alone.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Khazanie P, Greiner MA, Al-Khatib SM .
Comparative effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy among patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: Findings from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry.
Circ Heart Fail 2016 Jun;9(6). doi: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002324.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Registries, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes
Press VG, Arora VM, Trela KC
Effectiveness of interventions to teach metered-dose and diskus inhaler techniques. A randomized trial.
This study evaluated the relative effects of two different educational strategies (teach-to-goal instruction vs. brief verbal instruction) in adults hospitalized with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It concluded that, Acute care events were less common among teach-to-goal participants than brief intervention participants at 30 days (17 percent vs. 36 percent,), but not at 90 days.
AHRQ-funded; HS016967.
Citation: Press VG, Arora VM, Trela KC .
Effectiveness of interventions to teach metered-dose and diskus inhaler techniques. A randomized trial.
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016 Jun;13(6):816-24. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201509-603OC.
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Keywords: Asthma, Respiratory Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Health Literacy, Medication
Dimou FM, Eckelbarger D, Riall TS
Surgeon burnout: a systematic review.
The authors sought to provide a concise review and identify studies reporting on identification, prevention, or intervention for surgeons suffering from burnout. They concluded that systematic evaluation of the structure, effectiveness, and resources required for existing programs needs to be done to better understand what does and does not work, with feedback from participants providing significant information.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Dimou FM, Eckelbarger D, Riall TS .
Surgeon burnout: a systematic review.
J Am Coll Surg 2016 Jun;222(6):1230-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.03.022.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Provider: Health Personnel
Kahwati L, Viswanathan M, Golin CE
Identifying configurations of behavior change techniques in effective medication adherence interventions: a qualitative comparative analysis.
The researchers aimed to extend the results from an existing systematic review of interventions to improve medication adherence by using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to identify necessary or sufficient configurations of behavior change techniques among effective interventions. They were able to identify seven configurations of behavior change techniques sufficient for improving adherence, which together accounted for 26 (76 percent) of the effective studies.
AHRQ-funded; HS022563.
Citation: Kahwati L, Viswanathan M, Golin CE .
Identifying configurations of behavior change techniques in effective medication adherence interventions: a qualitative comparative analysis.
Syst Rev 2016 May 4;5:83. doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0255-z.
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Keywords: Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Research Methodologies, Comparative Effectiveness, Behavioral Health
Kahwati L, Jacobs S, Kane H
Using qualitative comparative analysis in a systematic review of a complex intervention.
The objective of this study was to describe in detail and examine the suitability of using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) within the context of a systematic review. It concluded that QCA was suitable for use within a systematic review of medication adherence interventions and offered insights beyond the single dimension stratifications used in the original completed review.
AHRQ-funded; HS022563.
Citation: Kahwati L, Jacobs S, Kane H .
Using qualitative comparative analysis in a systematic review of a complex intervention.
Syst Rev 2016 May 4;5:82. doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0256-y.
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Keywords: Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Research Methodologies, Comparative Effectiveness, Behavioral Health
Ehlers AP, Simianu VV, Bastawrous AL
Alvimopan use, outcomes, and costs: a report from the Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program Comparative Effectiveness Research Translation Network Collaborative.
The researchers investigated the effectiveness of alvimopan in routine clinical practice and its impact on hospital costs. They found that when used in routine clinical practice, alvimopan was associated with a shorter length of stay and limited but significant hospital cost savings. They concluded that both efficacy and effectiveness data support the use of alvimopan in routine clinical practice, and its use could be measured as a marker of higher quality care.
AHRQ-funded; HS020025.
Citation: Ehlers AP, Simianu VV, Bastawrous AL .
Alvimopan use, outcomes, and costs: a report from the Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program Comparative Effectiveness Research Translation Network Collaborative.
J Am Coll Surg 2016 May;222(5):870-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.01.051.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Surgery, Digestive Disease and Health, Healthcare Costs
Linden S, Bussing R, Kubilis P
Risk of suicidal events with atomoxetine compared to stimulant treatment: a cohort study.
The researchers analyzed whether the observed increased risk of suicidal ideation in clinical trials translates into an increased risk of suicidal events in pediatric patients treated with atomoxetine compared with stimulants in 26 Medicaid programs. They found that first- and second-line treatment of youths age 5 to 18 with atomoxetine compared with stimulants was not significantly associated with an increased risk of suicidal events.
AHRQ-funded; HS018506; HS016097.
Citation: Linden S, Bussing R, Kubilis P .
Risk of suicidal events with atomoxetine compared to stimulant treatment: a cohort study.
Pediatrics 2016 May;137(5):pii: e20153199. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-3199.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Medication, Children/Adolescents, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Ertefaie A, Small D, Flory J
Selection bias when using instrumental variable methods to compare two treatments but more than two treatments are available.
The authors discuss how instrumental variable methods may result in biased treatment effects if applied on a data set in which subjects are preselected based on their received treatments. They applied their method on The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database to estimate the comparative effect of metformin and sulfonylureas on weight gain among patients with diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS023898.
Citation: Ertefaie A, Small D, Flory J .
Selection bias when using instrumental variable methods to compare two treatments but more than two treatments are available.
Int J Biostat 2016 May 1;12(1):219-32. doi: 10.1515/ijb-2015-0006.
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Keywords: Research Methodologies, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Eng J, Wilson RF, Subramaniam RM
Comparative effect of contrast media type on the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This review compared contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) risk for contrast media within and between osmolality classes in patients receiving diagnostic or therapeutic imaging procedures. No differences were found in CIN risk among types of low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM). Iodixanol had a slightly lower risk for CIN than LOCM, but the lower risk did not exceed a criterion for clinical importance.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200007I.
Citation: Eng J, Wilson RF, Subramaniam RM .
Comparative effect of contrast media type on the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Mar 15;164(6):417-24. doi: 10.7326/m15-1402.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Imaging, Risk, Kidney Disease and Health, Adverse Events
Subramaniam RM, Suarez-Cuervo C, Wilson RF
Effectiveness of prevention strategies for contrast-induced nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
N-acetylcysteine, sodium bicarbonate, statins, and ascorbic acid have been studied for reducing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of interventions to reduce CIN in adults receiving contrast media. It concluded that the greatest reduction in CIN was seen with N-acetylcysteine plus IV saline in patients receiving LOCM and with statins plus N-acetylcysteine plus IV saline.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200007I.
Citation: Subramaniam RM, Suarez-Cuervo C, Wilson RF .
Effectiveness of prevention strategies for contrast-induced nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Mar 15;164(6):406-16. doi: 10.7326/m15-1456.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Comparative Effectiveness, Kidney Disease and Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention
Lyons EJ, Baranowski T, Basen-Engquist KM
Testing the effects of narrative and play on physical activity among breast cancer survivors using mobile apps: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
This paper described a study to determine the effectiveness of an intervention that combines narrative and gaming to encourage sustained physical activity in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. The primary outcome of the study is minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity at six months. Other objectively measured outcomes include fitness and physical function. Self-reported outcomes include quality of life, depression, and motivation.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Lyons EJ, Baranowski T, Basen-Engquist KM .
Testing the effects of narrative and play on physical activity among breast cancer survivors using mobile apps: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
BMC Cancer 2016 Mar 9;16:202. doi: 10.1186/s12885-016-2244-y.
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Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Comparative Effectiveness, Lifestyle Changes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Telehealth
Gartlehner G, Gaynes BN, Amick HR
Comparative benefits and harms of antidepressant, psychological, complementary, and exercise treatments for major depression: An evidence report for a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.
This evidence report compared the benefits and harms of second-generation antidepressants and psychological, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and exercise treatments as first- and second-step interventions for adults with acute major depressive disorder (MDD). It concluded tht, given their similar efficacy, cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressants are both viable choices for initial treatment of MDD.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Gartlehner G, Gaynes BN, Amick HR .
Comparative benefits and harms of antidepressant, psychological, complementary, and exercise treatments for major depression: An evidence report for a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Mar 1;164(5):331-41. doi: 10.7326/m15-1813.
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Keywords: Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Depression, Behavioral Health
Chinnadurai S, Sathe NA, Surawicz T
Laser treatment of infantile hemangioma: a systematic review.
This systematic review of studies of laser treatment of infantile hemangioma concluded that the studies primarily addressed different laser modalities compared with observation or other laser modalities. Pulsed dye laser was the most commonly studied laser type, but multiple variations in treatment protocols did not allow for demonstration of superiority of a single method.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200009I.
Citation: Chinnadurai S, Sathe NA, Surawicz T .
Laser treatment of infantile hemangioma: a systematic review.
Lasers Surg Med 2016 Mar;48(3):221-33. doi: 10.1002/lsm.22455.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Cancer, Newborns/Infants
Wang SV, Verpillat P, Rassen JA
Transparency and reproducibility of observational cohort studies using large healthcare databases.
The researchers explored the extent to which published pharmacoepidemiologic studies using commercially available databases could be reproduced by other investigators. Based on a nonsystematic sample of 38 descriptive or comparative safety/effectiveness cohort studies, they concludedc that an essential component of transparent and reproducible databases is more complete reporting of study implementation.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Wang SV, Verpillat P, Rassen JA .
Transparency and reproducibility of observational cohort studies using large healthcare databases.
Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016 Mar;99(3):325-32. doi: 10.1002/cpt.329..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Data, Research Methodologies, Comparative Effectiveness
Scott FI, Mamtani R, Brensinger CM
Risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer associated with the use of immunosuppressant and biologic agents in patients with a history of autoimmune disease and nonmelanoma skin cancer.
The study objective was to determine the relative hazard of a second nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease who use methotrexate, anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy, or thiopurines after an initial NMSC. It concluded that methotrexate use is associated with an increased risk of a second NMSC.
AHRQ-funded; HS018517.
Citation: Scott FI, Mamtani R, Brensinger CM .
Risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer associated with the use of immunosuppressant and biologic agents in patients with a history of autoimmune disease and nonmelanoma skin cancer.
JAMA Dermatol 2016 Feb;152(2):164-72. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.3029.
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Keywords: Cancer, Arthritis, Risk, Comparative Effectiveness, Treatments
Freburger JK, Ellis AR, Wang L
Comparative effectiveness of iron and erythropoiesis-stimulating agent dosing on health-related quality of life in patients receiving hemodialysis.
The researchers examined the independent associations of bolus versus maintenance iron dosing and high versus low erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) dosing on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). They found that for individuals with low baseline hemoglobin levels, higher ESA dosing and bolus iron dosing were associated with slightly higher HRQoL scores in follow-up.
AHRQ-funded; 29020050040I.
Citation: Freburger JK, Ellis AR, Wang L .
Comparative effectiveness of iron and erythropoiesis-stimulating agent dosing on health-related quality of life in patients receiving hemodialysis.
Am J Kidney Dis 2016 Feb;67(2):271-82. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.215.09.011.
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Am J Kidney Dis 2016 Feb;67(2):271-82. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.215.09.011.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Quality of Life, Kidney Disease and Health, Outcomes, Health Status
Mehta HB, Dimou F, Adhikari D
Comparison of comorbidity scores in predicting surgical outcomes.
The purpose of this study was to compare diagnosis-based and prescription-based comorbidity scores for predicting surgical outcomes. It concluded that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services-Hierarchical Condition Categories had superior performance in predicting surgical outcomes. Prescription-based scores, alone or in addition to diagnosis-based scores, were not better than any diagnosis-based scoring system.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Mehta HB, Dimou F, Adhikari D .
Comparison of comorbidity scores in predicting surgical outcomes.
Med Care 2016 Feb;54(2):180-7. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000465..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Surgery, Research Methodologies, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Adverse Events
Chinnadurai S, Fonnesbeck C, Snyder KM
Pharmacologic interventions for infantile hemangioma: a meta-analysis.
The objective of this report was to meta-analyze studies of pharmacologic interventions for children with infantile hemangiomas (IH). It concluded that propranolol was effective at reducing IH size compared with placebo, observation, and other treatments including steroids in most studies. Corticosteroids demonstrated moderate effectiveness at reducing IH size/volume.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200009I.
Citation: Chinnadurai S, Fonnesbeck C, Snyder KM .
Pharmacologic interventions for infantile hemangioma: a meta-analysis.
Pediatrics 2016 Feb;137(2):e20153896. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-3896.
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Keywords: Medication, Children/Adolescents, Newborns/Infants, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
O'Neil B, Koyama T, Alvarez J
The comparative harms of open and robotic prostatectomy in population based samples.
Using population cohort data,the researchers examined sexual and urinary function in men undergoing open radical prostatectomy vs those undergoing robotic assisted radical prostatectomy. They found that men undergoing robotic assisted radical prostatectomy likely experience less decline in early urinary continence and sexual function than those undergoing open radical prostatectomy.
AHRQ-funded; HS019356; HS022640.
Citation: O'Neil B, Koyama T, Alvarez J .
The comparative harms of open and robotic prostatectomy in population based samples.
J Urol 2016 Feb;195(2):321-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.08.092.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Surgery, Adverse Events
Wang TY, Vora AN, Peng SA
Effectiveness and safety of aldosterone antagonist therapy use among older patients with reduced ejection fraction after acute myocardial infarction.
The purpose of this paper is to describe how aldosterone antagonist treatment is used among older myocardial infarction (MI) patients in routine practice. They found that aldosterone antagonist use was not associated with lower mortality except in symptomatic HF patients, and risks of hyperkalemia were low at 30 days, but significantly higher among patients prescribed aldosterone antagonists, as was risk of acute renal failure compared with patients not prescribed aldosterone antagonists. They concluded that these results underscore the importance of close post-discharge monitoring of this patient population.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Wang TY, Vora AN, Peng SA .
Effectiveness and safety of aldosterone antagonist therapy use among older patients with reduced ejection fraction after acute myocardial infarction.
J Am Heart Assoc 2016 Jan 21;5(1). doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.002612.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Elderly, Medication, Heart Disease and Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Chen Y, Hong C, Ning Y
Meta-analysis of studies with bivariate binary outcomes: a marginal beta-binomial model approach.
In this paper, the researchers propose a marginal beta-binomial model for the meta-analysis of studies with binary outcomes. This model is based on the composite likelihood approach and has several attractive features compared with the existing models such as bivariate generalized linear mixed model (Chu and Cole, 2006) and Sarmanov beta-binomial model (Chen et al., 2012).
AHRQ-funded; HS022900.
Citation: Chen Y, Hong C, Ning Y .
Meta-analysis of studies with bivariate binary outcomes: a marginal beta-binomial model approach.
Stat Med 2016 Jan 15;35(1):21-40. doi: 10.1002/sim.6620.
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Keywords: Research Methodologies, Comparative Effectiveness
Gartlehner G, Dobrescu A, Evans TS
Average effect estimates remain similar as evidence evolves from single trials to high-quality bodies of evidence: a meta-epidemiologic study.
The objective of this study was to use a diverse sample of medical interventions to assess empirically whether first trials rendered substantially different treatment effect estimates than reliable, high-quality bodies of evidence. It concluded that results of first trials often change, but the magnitude of change, on average, is small. Exceptions are first trials that present large treatment effects, which often dissipate as new evidence accrues.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200008I.
Citation: Gartlehner G, Dobrescu A, Evans TS .
Average effect estimates remain similar as evidence evolves from single trials to high-quality bodies of evidence: a meta-epidemiologic study.
J Clin Epidemiol 2016 Jan;69:16-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.02.013..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness, Treatments
Deckersbach T, Nierenberg AA, McInnis MG
Baseline disability and poor functioning in bipolar disorder predict worse outcomes: results from the Bipolar CHOICE study.
This study examined the effects of treatment on functioning impairments and quality of life and assessed baseline functioning and employment status as predictors of treatment response in symptomatic individuals from the Bipolar Clinical Health Outcomes Initiative in Comparative Effectiveness (Bipolar CHOICE) study. It found that prior disability status was associated with a worse treatment response and prospective illness course.
AHRQ-funded; HS019371.
Citation: Deckersbach T, Nierenberg AA, McInnis MG .
Baseline disability and poor functioning in bipolar disorder predict worse outcomes: results from the Bipolar CHOICE study.
J Clin Psychiatry 2016 Jan;77(1):100-8. doi: 10.4088/JCP.14m09210.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Medication
Nierenberg AA, McElroy SL, Friedman ES
Bipolar CHOICE (Clinical Health Outcomes Initiative in Comparative Effectiveness): a pragmatic 6-month trial of lithium versus quetiapine for bipolar disorder.
The purpose of this trial was to compare lithium and second-generation antipsychotics. The investigators found that outcomes with lithium + APT and quetiapine + APT were not significantly different across 6 months of treatment for bipolar disorder.
AHRQ-funded; HS019371.
Citation: Nierenberg AA, McElroy SL, Friedman ES .
Bipolar CHOICE (Clinical Health Outcomes Initiative in Comparative Effectiveness): a pragmatic 6-month trial of lithium versus quetiapine for bipolar disorder.
J Clin Psychiatry 2016 Jan;77(1):90-9. doi: 10.4088/JCP.14m09349.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Behavioral Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Zeitler EP, Hellkamp AS, Schulte PJ
Comparative effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators for primary prevention in women.
The researchers examined clinical practice data to compare survival rates among women with heart failure with or without a primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Theyn found that among patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, a primary prevention ICD was associated with a significant survival advantage among women and among men.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Zeitler EP, Hellkamp AS, Schulte PJ .
Comparative effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators for primary prevention in women.
Circ Heart Fail 2016 Jan;9(1):e002630. doi: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002630.
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Keywords: Medical Devices, Comparative Effectiveness, Prevention, Heart Disease and Health, Mortality