National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
126 to 150 of 729 Research Studies DisplayedKutney-Lee A, Brooks Carthon M, Sloane DM
Electronic health record usability: associations with nurse and patient outcomes in hospitals.
Researchers examined associations between electronic health record (EHR) usability and nurse job and surgical patient outcomes. Data from the American Hospital Association, state patient discharges, and nurse surveys were linked in a cross-sectional analysis. The researchers found that employing EHR systems with suboptimal usability was associated with higher odds of adverse nurse job outcomes and surgical patient mortality and readmission.
AHRQ-funded; HS023805.
Citation: Kutney-Lee A, Brooks Carthon M, Sloane DM .
Electronic health record usability: associations with nurse and patient outcomes in hospitals.
Med Care 2021 Jul;59(7):625-31. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001536..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Surgery, Outcomes, Nursing, Provider: Nurse
Corby S, Whittaker K, Ash JS
The future of medical scribes documenting in the electronic health record: results of an expert consensus conference.
This study looked at the future of medical scribes with the use of electronic health records (EHRs) increasing and causing unintended negative consequences. An expert consensus conference was held in April 2019 representing different stakeholder perspectives to discuss the results from site visits and to predict the future of medical scribing. Experts thought if EHR usability increases there might be a decrease in the need for medical scribes. The experts also felt that the role of medical scribe could be expanded to include workflow analysis, acting as EHR-related subject-matter experts, and becoming integrated more effectively into the clinical care delivery team. The authors feel that standardized training is needed as tele-scribing continues to grow in popularity.
AHRQ-funded; HS025141.
Citation: Corby S, Whittaker K, Ash JS .
The future of medical scribes documenting in the electronic health record: results of an expert consensus conference.
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2021 Jun 29;21(1):204. doi: 10.1186/s12911-021-01560-4..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Thompson HM, Kronk CA, Feasley K
Implementation of gender identity and assigned sex at birth data collection in electronic health records: where are we now?
In 2015, the United States Department of Health and Human Services instantiated rules mandating the inclusion of sexual orientation and gender identity (SO/GI) data fields for systems certified under Stage 3 of the Meaningful Use of Electronic Health Records (EHR) program. To date, no published assessments have benchmarked implementation penetration and data quality. To establish a benchmark for a U.S. health system collection of gender identity and sex assigned at birth, the investigators analyzed one urban academic health center's EHR data.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Thompson HM, Kronk CA, Feasley K .
Implementation of gender identity and assigned sex at birth data collection in electronic health records: where are we now?
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Jun 19;18(12). doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126599..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Cemballi AG, Karter AJ, Schillinger D
Descriptive examination of secure messaging in a longitudinal cohort of diabetes patients in the ECLIPPSE study.
This longitudinal study looked at trends in secure messaging (SM) use in health care system patient portals using a diverse cohort of diabetes patients enrolled in the ECLIPPSE study from 2006 to 2015. The authors found a 10-fold increase in overall messaging volume during that time period. A majority of patients were using SM by 2015, including those with lower income or with self-reported limited health literacy. At the beginning of the survey period more physicians than nurses were using SM, but that changed over time as well.
AHRQ-funded; HS026383.
Citation: Cemballi AG, Karter AJ, Schillinger D .
Descriptive examination of secure messaging in a longitudinal cohort of diabetes patients in the ECLIPPSE study.
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021 Jun 12;28(6):1252-58. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa281..
Keywords: Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Zhu Y, Simon GJ, Wick EC
Applying machine learning across sites: external validation of a surgical site infection detection algorithm.
Surgical complications have tremendous consequences and costs. Complication detection is important for quality improvement, but traditional manual chart review is burdensome. Automated mechanisms are needed to make this more efficient. The purpose of the study was to understand the generalizability of a machine learning algorithm between sites; automated surgical site infection (SSI) detection algorithms developed at one center were tested at another distinct center.
AHRQ-funded; HS024532.
Citation: Zhu Y, Simon GJ, Wick EC .
Applying machine learning across sites: external validation of a surgical site infection detection algorithm.
J Am Coll Surg 2021 Jun;232(6):963-71.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.03.026..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Surgery, Adverse Events, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Quality Improvement, Quality of Care
Wang X, Blumenthal HJ, Hoffman D
Modeling patient-related workload in the emergency department using electronic health record data.
Understanding and managing clinician workload is important for clinician (nurses, physicians and advanced practice providers) occupational health as well as patient safety. Efforts have been made to develop strategies for managing clinician workload by improving patient assignment. The goal of the current study was to use electronic health record (EHR) data to predict the amount of work that individual patients contributed to clinician workload (patient-related workload).
AHRQ-funded; HS022542.
Citation: Wang X, Blumenthal HJ, Hoffman D .
Modeling patient-related workload in the emergency department using electronic health record data.
Int J Med Inform 2021 Jun;150:104451. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104451..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Provider: Physician
Enayati M, Sir M, Zhang X
Monitoring diagnostic safety risks in emergency departments: protocol for a machine learning study.
This study’s objective will be to identify variables associated with diagnostic errors in emergency departments using large-scale EHR data and machine learning techniques. It will use trigger algorithms with electronic health record (EHR) data repositories to generate a large data set of records that are labeled trigger-positive or trigger-negative, depending on if they meet certain criteria. This study will be conducted by 2 academic medical centers with affiliated community hospitals.
AHRQ-funded; HS027363; HS026622.
Citation: Enayati M, Sir M, Zhang X .
Monitoring diagnostic safety risks in emergency departments: protocol for a machine learning study.
JMIR Res Protoc 2021 Jun 14;10(6):e24642. doi: 10.2196/24642..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Patient Safety, Risk, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Kandaswamy S, Pruitt Z, Kazi S
Clinician perceptions on the use of free-text communication orders.
The aim of this study was to investigate (1) why ordering clinicians use free-text orders to communicate medication information; (2) what risks physicians and nurses perceive when free-text orders are used for communicating medication information; and (3) how electronic health records (EHRs) could be improved to encourage the safe communication of medication information. The investigators concluded that clinicians' use of free-text orders as a workaround to insufficient structured order entry can create unintended patient safety risks.
AHRQ-funded; HS025136; HS024755.
Citation: Kandaswamy S, Pruitt Z, Kazi S .
Clinician perceptions on the use of free-text communication orders.
Appl Clin Inform 2021 May;12(3):484-94. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1731002..
Keywords: Electronic Prescribing (E-Prescribing), Health Information Technology (HIT), Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Medication: Safety, Medication, Patient Safety, Communication, Provider: Clinician, Provider, Risk
Powell KR, Deroche CB, Alexander GL
Health data sharing in US nursing homes: a mixed methods study.
The purposes of this study were to understand the extent to which nursing homes have the capability for data sharing and to explore nursing home leaders' perceptions of data sharing with other health care facilities and with residents and family members. Findings showed that perceived challenges to health data sharing included variance in systems and software, privacy and security concerns, and organizational factors slowing uptake of technology. Perceived benefits included improved communication, improved care planning, and anticipating future demand. Recommendations included working to mitigate barriers and to capitalize on potential benefits of implementing this technology in nursing homes.
AHRQ-funded; HS022497.
Citation: Powell KR, Deroche CB, Alexander GL .
Health data sharing in US nursing homes: a mixed methods study.
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021 May;22(5):1052-59. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.02.009..
Keywords: Nursing Homes, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Sockolow PS, Bowles KH, Le NB
There's a problem with the problem list: incongruence of patient problem information across the home care admission.
The purpose of this observational field study was to illustrate patterns of patient problem information received and documented across the home health care (HHC) admission process and offer practice, policy, and health information technology recommendations to improve information transfer. The investigators concluded that diagnosis or problem information transferred from the referral source or gathered during an in-home assessment did not appear in the plan of care. Because of the EHR structure, clinicians could not identify inactive problem or problem priority.
AHRQ-funded; HS024537.
Citation: Sockolow PS, Bowles KH, Le NB .
There's a problem with the problem list: incongruence of patient problem information across the home care admission.
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021 May;22(5):1009-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.032..
Keywords: Home Healthcare, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Korach ZT, Gradwohl S, Messinger A
Unsupervised clinical relevancy ranking of structured medical records to retrieve condition-specific information in the emergency department.
Investigators compared knowledge-based and unsupervised statistical methods for ranking electronic health record (EHR) information by relevancy to a chief complaint of chest or back pain among emergency department patients. They found that a fully unsupervised statistical method can provide a reasonably accurate, low-effort, and scalable means for situation-specific ranking of clinical information within the EHR.
AHRQ-funded; HS024541.
Citation: Korach ZT, Gradwohl S, Messinger A .
Unsupervised clinical relevancy ranking of structured medical records to retrieve condition-specific information in the emergency department.
Int J Med Inform 2021 May;149:104410. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104410.
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Keywords: Emergency Department, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Hill JR, Visweswaran S, Ning X
Use, impact, weaknesses, and advanced features of search functions for clinical use in electronic health records: a scoping review.
The purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review of the literature on the use of EHR search functions within a single patient's record in clinical settings to characterize the current state of research on the topic and identify areas for future study. The review found that search functions generally facilitated patient information retrieval by clinicians and were positively received by users. A limited number of articles described the use of EHR search functions in a clinical setting, despite evidence that they benefit clinician workflow and productivity.
AHRQ-funded; HS027185.
Citation: Hill JR, Visweswaran S, Ning X .
Use, impact, weaknesses, and advanced features of search functions for clinical use in electronic health records: a scoping review.
Appl Clin Inform 2021 May;12(3):417-28. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1730033..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Fareed N, Jonnalagadda P, MacEwan SR
Differential effects of outpatient portal user status on inpatient portal use: observational study.
This study’s objective was to understand how patients' use of an inpatient portal is influenced by outpatient portal use. Findings showed that patients' use of an inpatient portal during their hospital stay appeared to be influenced by a combination of factors, including prior outpatient portal use. For new users, hospitalization itself may have influenced portal use. In contrast, nonusers might have lower self-efficacy in their ability to use technology to manage their health, contributing to their lower portal use.
AHRQ-funded; HS024379; HS024091.
Citation: Fareed N, Jonnalagadda P, MacEwan SR .
Differential effects of outpatient portal user status on inpatient portal use: observational study.
J Med Internet Res 2021 Apr 30;23(4):e23866. doi: 10.2196/23866..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Hettinger AZ, Melnick ER, Ratwani RM
Advancing electronic health record vendor usability maturity: progress and next steps.
Investigators asked four electronic health record (EHR) vendors to provide written descriptions of their usability practices and then reviewed these descriptions to identify areas where there has been advancement and areas for improvement. All four described user-centered design processes and usability testing methods that demonstrated advancement from previous studies of vendor practices, and vendors were beginning to address aspects of EHR implementation that play a critical role in shaping EHR usability. Areas for improvement included greater focus on safety and on measurement and benchmarking.
AHRQ-funded; HS025136.
Citation: Hettinger AZ, Melnick ER, Ratwani RM .
Advancing electronic health record vendor usability maturity: progress and next steps.
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021 Apr 23;28(5):1029-31. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa329..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Dymek C, Kim B, Melton GB
AHRQ Author: Dymek C, Hsiao CJ
Building the evidence-base to reduce electronic health record-related clinician burden.
This paper looks at the evidence-base to reduce electronic health record-related (EHR-related) clinician burden. Evidence-based informatics approaches, pragmatic next steps, and future research directions are presented to improve three of the highest contributors to EHR burden: documentation, chart review, and inbox tasks. Perspectives are also offered on how EHR vendors, healthcare system leaders, and policymakers can play an integral role to make EHR easier to use.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; HS027363.
Citation: Dymek C, Kim B, Melton GB .
Building the evidence-base to reduce electronic health record-related clinician burden.
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021 Apr 23;28(5):1057-61. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa238..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Burnout, Evidence-Based Practice, Provider: Clinician, Provider: Physician, Provider
Shekelle PG, Pane JD, Agniel D
Assessment of variation in electronic health record capabilities and reported clinical quality performance in ambulatory care clinics, 2014-2017.
This study’s objective was to assess the association between electronic health records (EHRs) with different degrees of capabilities and publicly reported ambulatory quality measures in at least 3 clinical domains of care. This cross-sectional and longitudinal study was conducted using survey responses from 1141 ambulatory clinics in Minnesota, Washington, and Wisconsin affiliated with a health system and reported performance measures in 2014 to 2017. A composite measure of EHR capability that considered 50 EHR capabilities was created using 7 functional domains: no functional EHR, EHR underuser, EHR, neither underuser nor superuser, and EHR superuser; as well as a standardized composite of ambulatory clinical measures that included a median of 13 individual measures (3 to 25). The proportion of clinics that were EHR superusers increased from 51% in 2014 to 61% in 2017. In all survey years EHR superusers had better clinical quality performance than other clinics. This difference in scores translated into an approximately 9% difference in a clinic’s rank order in clinical quality.
AHRQ-funded; HS024067.
Citation: Shekelle PG, Pane JD, Agniel D .
Assessment of variation in electronic health record capabilities and reported clinical quality performance in ambulatory care clinics, 2014-2017.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Apr;4(4):e217476. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.7476..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Provider Performance, Quality of Care
Classen DC, Munier W, Verzier N
AHRQ Author: Munier W, Eldridge N, Brady PJ, Helwig A, Battles J
Measuring patient safety: the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System (past, present, and future).
This review article discusses the development, strengths and limitations, and future of the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System (MPSMS), which was created more than 10 years ago. MPSMS is a chart review-based national patient safety surveillance system that provides rates of 21 specific hospital inpatient adverse event measures, which are divided into 4 clinical domains (general, hospital-acquired infections, post-procedure adverse events, and adverse drug events). The 2014 MPSMS national sample was drawn from 1109 hospitals and includes approximately 20,000 medical records of patients admitted to the hospital for at least 1 of 4 conditions: congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and major surgical procedures as defined by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Surgical Care Improvement Project. The MSPMS is now undergoing a major transformation to capture additional types of adverse events, and is being renamed the Quality and Safety Review System (QSRS). Data will be electronically imported and will be updated and evolved over time to incorporate expanded standardized data available from electronic health records.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Classen DC, Munier W, Verzier N .
Measuring patient safety: the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System (past, present, and future).
J Patient Saf 2021 Apr 1;17(3):e234-3240. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000322..
Keywords: Patient Safety, Medicare, Medical Errors, Adverse Events, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Beam KS, Lee M, Hirst K
Specificity of International Classification of Diseases codes for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: an investigation using electronic health record data and a large insurance database.
This study analyzed the accuracy of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes to identify bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in newborns. A retrospective cohort study in a single-center NICU (n=166) was conducted to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of ICD-10 codes for BPD diagnosis. The sensitivity of any BPD-related codes ranged from 0.82 to 0.95, while specificity range was 0.25 to 0.36. The most common date of BPD diagnosis was the day of birth, which is inconsistent with the clinical definition. The authors conclude that the ICD codes for BPD are unlikely to accurately reflect the current clinical definition and should be interpreted with caution.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Beam KS, Lee M, Hirst K .
Specificity of International Classification of Diseases codes for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: an investigation using electronic health record data and a large insurance database.
J Perinatol 2021 Apr;41(4):764-71. doi: 10.1038/s41372-021-00965-3..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Respiratory Conditions, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Jones OT, Calanzani N, Saji S
Artificial intelligence techniques that may be applied to primary care data to facilitate earlier diagnosis of cancer: systematic review.
This study’s objective was a systematic review of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques that might facilitate earlier diagnosis of cancer and could be applied to primary care electronic health record (EHR) data. Findings showed that AI techniques have been applied to EHR-type data to facilitate early diagnosis of cancer, but their use in primary care settings is still at an early stage of maturity. Further evidence is needed on their performance using primary care data, implementation barriers, and cost-effectiveness before widespread adoption into routine primary care clinical practice can be recommended.
AHRQ-funded; HS027363.
Citation: Jones OT, Calanzani N, Saji S .
Artificial intelligence techniques that may be applied to primary care data to facilitate earlier diagnosis of cancer: systematic review.
J Med Internet Res 2021 Mar 3;23(3):e23483. doi: 10.2196/23483..
Keywords: Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Primary Care, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Dalal AK, Piniella N, Fuller TE
Evaluation of electronic health record-integrated digital health tools to engage hospitalized patients in discharge preparation.
Researchers sought to evaluate the effect of electronic health record (EHR)-integrated digital health tools comprised of a checklist and video on transitions-of-care outcomes for patients preparing for discharge. They found that EHR-integrated digital health tools to prepare patients for discharge did not significantly increase patient activation and was associated with a longer length of stay.
AHRQ-funded; HS024751.
Citation: Dalal AK, Piniella N, Fuller TE .
Evaluation of electronic health record-integrated digital health tools to engage hospitalized patients in discharge preparation.
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021 Mar 18;28(4):704-12. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa321..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Hospital Discharge, Patient and Family Engagement, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Everson J, Patel V, Adler-Milstein J
Information blocking remains prevalent at the start of 21st Century Cures Act: results from a survey of health information exchange organizations.
This study’s objective was to assess the prevalence of information blocking of patient data by health systems, electronic health record (EHR) vendors, and others prior to enforcement of new rules to prevent this practice. A national survey of health information exchange organizations (HIEs) was conducted. Eighty-four percent of 106 HIEs who met the inclusion criteria responded. The majority (55%) of HIEs reported that EHR vendors routinely engage in information blocking at least some of the time. The most common blocking behavior of EHR vendors was setting unreasonably high prices which was reported by 42% of HIEs. Behavior health systems most common information blocking behavior was refusing to share information, which was routinely observed by 14% of HIEs. Reported levels of vendor information blocking was related to regional competition among vendors and information blocking was more highly concentrated in some geographic regions than others.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Everson J, Patel V, Adler-Milstein J .
Information blocking remains prevalent at the start of 21st Century Cures Act: results from a survey of health information exchange organizations.
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021 Mar 18;28(4):727-32. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa323..
Keywords: Health Information Exchange (HIE), Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Larsen EP, Haskins Lisle A, Law B
Identification of design criteria to improve patient care in electronic health record downtime.
Researchers identified design criteria specifications for continuing safe and efficient patient care activities during downtime by examining interview transcripts from medical personnel who had experience with downtime incidents, using phenomenological analysis. They found that workload distribution and communication were significant issues in patient care during downtime. There may not be an equal work distribution, leading to an increased workload for some personnel during downtime. Some criteria were identified as potential guidelines for the development of better downtime contingency plans.
AHRQ-funded; HS024350.
Citation: Larsen EP, Haskins Lisle A, Law B .
Identification of design criteria to improve patient care in electronic health record downtime.
J Patient Saf 2021 Mar 1;17(2):90-94. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000580..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Healthcare Delivery, Care Management
Kelly MM, Smith CA, Hoonakker PLT
Stakeholder perspectives in anticipation of sharing physicians' notes with parents of hospitalized children.
Researchers sought to elicit stakeholder perspectives on the anticipated benefits and challenges of sharing hospital physicians' admission and daily progress notes with parents at the bedside during their child's hospitalization and to identify strategies to aid implementation of inpatient note sharing. Focus groups with 34 stakeholders at a children's hospital were conducted. The researchers identified four anticipated benefits of sharing inpatient notes, five expected challenges, and three suggested implementation strategies.
Citation: Kelly MM, Smith CA, Hoonakker PLT .
Stakeholder perspectives in anticipation of sharing physicians' notes with parents of hospitalized children.
Acad Pediatr 2021 Mar;21(2):259-64. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.11.018..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Inpatient Care, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Communication, Clinician-Patient Communication
Rahurkar S, Vest JR, Finnell JT
Trends in user-initiated health information exchange in the inpatient, outpatient, and emergency settings.
Prior research on health information exchange (HIE) typically measured provider usage through surveys or they summarized the availability of HIE services in a healthcare organization. Few studies utilized user log files. Using HIE access log files, the investigators measured HIE use in real-world clinical settings over a 7-year period (2011-2017). They found that use of HIE increased in inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department (ED) settings.
AHRQ-funded; HS025502.
Citation: Rahurkar S, Vest JR, Finnell JT .
Trends in user-initiated health information exchange in the inpatient, outpatient, and emergency settings.
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021 Mar;28(3):622-27. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa226..
Keywords: Health Information Exchange (HIE), Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Elysee G, Yu H, Herrin J
Association between 30-day readmission rates and health information technology capabilities in US hospitals.
A study was conducted to determine if there is an association of health information technology (HIT) adoption and a decrease in 30-day hospital readmission rates. Data was used from the 2013 American Hospital Association IT survey which included non-federal U.S. acute care hospitals with self-reported capabilities. A 54-indicator 7-factor structure of hospital health IT capabilities was identified by exploratory factor analysis. A one-point increase in the hospital adoption of patient engagement capability latent scores generally leads to a 0.086% decrease in risk-standardized readmission rates (RSRRs). However, computerized hospital discharge and information exchange among clinicians did not seem as beneficial.
AHRQ-funded; HS022882.
Citation: Elysee G, Yu H, Herrin J .
Association between 30-day readmission rates and health information technology capabilities in US hospitals.
Medicine 2021 Feb 26;100(8):e24755. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000024755..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Hospital Readmissions, Hospitals, Quality Indicators (QIs), Quality of Care