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Research Studies is a monthly compilation of research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers and recently published in journals or newsletters.
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1 to 25 of 60 Research Studies DisplayedLee AK, Bobb JF, Richards JE
Integrating alcohol-related prevention and treatment into primary care: a cluster randomized implementation trial.
This study’s goal was to evaluate an implementation intervention to increase (1) population-based alcohol-related prevention with brief interventions and (2) treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in primary care implemented with a broader program of behavioral health integration. This stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial called the Sustained Patient-Centered Alcohol-Related Care (SPARC) trial included 22 primary care practices in an integrated health system in Washington state. Participants consisted of all adult patients 18 years or older with primary care visits from January 2015 to July 2018. The study included 7 waves, with practices randomly assigned launch dates. A total of 333,596 patients visited primary care (mean age, 48 years; 193,583 [58%] female; 234,764 [70%] White individuals). The proportion of patients with brief intervention was higher during SPARC intervention than usual care periods (57 vs 11 per 10,000 patients per month). The proportion with AUD treatment engagement did not differ during intervention and usual care. However, it did increase intermediate outcomes: screening (83.2% vs 20.8%), new AUD diagnosis (33.8 vs 28.8 per 10,000), and treatment initiation (7.8 vs 6.2 per 10,000).
AHRQ-funded; HS023173.
Citation: Lee AK, Bobb JF, Richards JE .
Integrating alcohol-related prevention and treatment into primary care: a cluster randomized implementation trial.
JAMA Intern Med 2023 Apr;183(4):319-28. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.7083.
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Primary Care, Patient-Centered Healthcare
Alexandre W, Muhammad H, Agbalajobi O
Alcohol treatment discussions and clinical outcomes among patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between medical dialogues concerning alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment, AUD treatment engagement, and mortality rates. The retrospective cohort study encompassed all patients diagnosed with cirrhosis and AUD receiving hepatology care within a single healthcare system in 2015. Baseline data on demographics, medical history, liver disease, and AUD treatment were examined. Information on AUD treatment discussions, initiation, alcohol cessation, and the subsequent 5-year mortality rates was gathered. Out of 436 patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis, 15% received AUD treatment at baseline, with 11% undergoing behavioral therapy, 2% receiving pharmacotherapy, and 1% obtaining both. Within the first year after the initial hepatology visit, 37 patients had AUD treatment, 51 remained in treatment, and 14 discontinued. Hepatology-documented AUD treatment recommendations were provided to 30% of patients, while 26% received primary care-documented recommendations. The majority of hepatology (86%) and primary care (88%) recommendations focused on behavioral therapy. Among patients with persistent alcohol use at baseline, AUD treatment after one year was significantly and independently associated with hepatology or primary care treatment discussions, and negatively associated with Medicaid insurance. When treatment discussions occurred in both settings, high treatment rates followed. Over five years, 35% of patients died. Ongoing alcohol use, age, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma significantly contributed to mortality in the final survival model. In patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis, AUD treatment discussions were documented in fewer than half of hepatology and primary care encounters; however, such discussions were significantly correlated with AUD treatment receipt.
AHRQ-funded; HS019461.
Citation: Alexandre W, Muhammad H, Agbalajobi O .
Alcohol treatment discussions and clinical outcomes among patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis.
BMC Gastroenterol 2023 Feb 2; 23(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s12876-023-02656-z..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Clinician-Patient Communication, Communication
Alkhouri N, Almomani A, Le P
The prevalence of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents and young adults in the United States: analysis of the NHANES database.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-associated fatty liver disease (ALD) in a cohort of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) using transient elastography to directly measure hepatic steatosis and suspected fibrosis. AYA’s aged 15-39 years without viral hepatitis, pregnancy, or ALT/ AST greater than 500 U/L were included in the study. The researchers compared subjects with excessive alcohol consumption to those without and found that those with excessive alcohol consumption suspected ALD was present in 56.59% and suspected significant fibrosis was present in 12.3% and suspected advanced fibrosis was present in 6.31%. In subjects without excessive alcohol consumption, suspected NAFLD was present in 40.04%. In those with suspected NAFLD, suspected significant fibrosis was present in 31.07% and suspected advanced fibrosis was present in 20.15%. The study concluded that a significant percentage of AYAs are at risk for ALD and NAFLD and a subset of these subjects is at risk for significant fibrosis.
AHRQ-funded; HS026937.
Citation: Alkhouri N, Almomani A, Le P .
The prevalence of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents and young adults in the United States: analysis of the NHANES database.
BMC Gastroenterol 2022 Jul 30;22(1):366. doi: 10.1186/s12876-022-02430-7..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Alcohol Use, Chronic Conditions
Singh AN, Sanchez V, Kenzie ES
Improving screening, treatment, and intervention for unhealthy alcohol use in primary care through clinic, practice-based research network, and health plan partnerships: protocol of the ANTECEDENT study.
This study evaluates tailored implementation support to increase screening, brief intervention, referral to treatment (SBIRT) and medication-assisted treatment for alcohol use disorder (MAUD) in primary care. It will explore how primary care clinics implement SBIRT and MAUD in routine practice and how practice facilitators vary implementation support across diverse clinic settings. It is anticipated that findings will inform how effectively to align implementation support to context, advance understanding of practice facilitator skill development over time, and ultimately improve detection and treatment of unhealthy alcohol use across diverse primary care clinics.
AHRQ-funded; HS027080.
Citation: Singh AN, Sanchez V, Kenzie ES .
Improving screening, treatment, and intervention for unhealthy alcohol use in primary care through clinic, practice-based research network, and health plan partnerships: protocol of the ANTECEDENT study.
PLoS One 2022 Jun 28;17(6):e0269635. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269635..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Primary Care, Care Management
Lin Y, Sharma B, Thompson HM
External validation of a machine learning classifier to identify unhealthy alcohol use in hospitalized patients.
This study’s objective was to validate a machine learning approach to alcohol screening using a natural language processing (NLP) classifier developed at an independent medical center. This retrospective cohort study took place at a midwestern US tertiary-care, urban medical center that has an inpatient structured universal screening model for unhealthy substance use and an active addiction consult service. The cohort included 57,605 unplanned admissions of adult patients between October 23, 2017 and December 31, 2019 with electronic health record (EHR) documentation of manual alcohol screening. The authors examined error in manual screening and reviewed discordance between the NLP classifier and AUDIT-derived reference. The classifier demonstrated adequate sensitivity and specificity for routine clinical use as an automated screening tool for identifying at-risk patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Lin Y, Sharma B, Thompson HM .
External validation of a machine learning classifier to identify unhealthy alcohol use in hospitalized patients.
Addiction 2022 Apr;117(4):925-33. doi: 10.1111/add.15730..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Behavioral Health, Screening, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Jonas DE, Barclay C, Grammer D
The STUN (STop UNhealthy) Alcohol Use Now trial: study protocol for an adaptive randomized trial on dissemination and implementation of screening and management of unhealthy alcohol use in primary care.
This paper describes a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the effect of primary care practice facilitation and telehealth services on evidence-based screening, counseling, and pharmacotherapy for unhealthy alcohol use in primary care practices in North Carolina with 10 or fewer providers. The study will produce important evidence about the effect of practice facilitation on uptake of evidence-based screening, counseling, and pharmacotherapy for unhealthy alcohol use when delivered on a large scale to small and medium-sized practices. The results of this rigorously conducted evaluation are expected to have a positive impact by accelerating the dissemination and implementation of evidence related to unhealthy alcohol use into primary care practices.
AHRQ-funded; HS027078.
Citation: Jonas DE, Barclay C, Grammer D .
The STUN (STop UNhealthy) Alcohol Use Now trial: study protocol for an adaptive randomized trial on dissemination and implementation of screening and management of unhealthy alcohol use in primary care.
Trials 2021 Nov 16;22(1):810. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05641-7..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Primary Care, Screening, Implementation
Zubiago J, Murphy M, Guardado R
Increased HIV testing in people who use drugs hospitalized in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, due to lapses in harm reduction services, several public health experts forecasted subsequent increases in diagnosis of HIV in PWUD. As many inpatient hospitals reworked patient flow during the COVID-19 surge, the investigators hypothesized that HIV testing in PWUD would decrease. To answer this question, they compiled a deidentified list of hospitalized patients with electronic medical record indicators of substance use-a positive urine toxicology screen, prescribed medications to treat opioid use disorder, a positive CIWA score, or a positive CAGE score-admitted between January, 2020 and August, 2020.
AHRQ-funded; HS026008.
Citation: Zubiago J, Murphy M, Guardado R .
Increased HIV testing in people who use drugs hospitalized in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2021 May;124:108266. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108266..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Opioids, Substance Abuse, Alcohol Use, Hospitalization, COVID-19, Public Health, Screening
Tong ST, Kato EU, Nix MP
Help for primary care practitioners in addressing older adult alcohol and opioid use.
Unhealthy alcohol and opioid use are growing problems among older adults who are at increased risk for harms from both alcohol and opioid use. Primary care practices can play an important role in addressing this problem, but need support in implementing evidence-based practices. This article provides help for primary care practitioners in addressing older adult alcohol and opioid use.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Tong ST, Kato EU, Nix MP .
Help for primary care practitioners in addressing older adult alcohol and opioid use.
Generations Journal 2020-2021 Winter;44(4)..
Keywords: Elderly, Primary Care, Alcohol Use, Opioids, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health
Shen NT, Bray J, Wahid NA
Evaluation of alcohol taxes as a public health opportunity to reduce liver transplant listings for alcohol-related liver disease.
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a leading indication for liver transplantation. In this study, the investigators evaluated alcohol taxes as a public health opportunity to reduce liver transplant listings for alcohol-related liver disease. The investigators concluded that transplant listings for ALD were directly associated with spirit consumption and inversely associated with spirits excise taxes. They indicate that these findings suggest a possible public health benefit of increasing excise taxes for spirits.
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Shen NT, Bray J, Wahid NA .
Evaluation of alcohol taxes as a public health opportunity to reduce liver transplant listings for alcohol-related liver disease.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020 Nov;44(11):2307-15. doi: 10.1111/acer.14454..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Policy, Transplantation
Steele DW, Becker SJ, Danko KJ
Brief behavioral interventions for substance use in adolescents: a meta-analysis.
Adolescents with problematic substance use (SU) are at risk for far-reaching adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to synthesize the evidence regarding the effects of brief behavioral interventions for adolescents (12-20 years) with problematic SU. The investigators concluded that the use of a behavioral intervention called motivational interviewing reduced heavy alcohol use, alcohol use days, and SU-related problems in adolescents but did not reduce cannabis use days.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500002I.
Citation: Steele DW, Becker SJ, Danko KJ .
Brief behavioral interventions for substance use in adolescents: a meta-analysis.
Pediatrics 2020 Oct;146(4):e2020351. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-0351..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Substance Abuse, Alcohol Use, Treatments
Wisk LE, Magane KM, Levy S
Alcohol use behaviors and reasons to abstain from or limit drinking among medically vulnerable youth.
Youth with chronic medical conditions (YCMC) use alcohol at levels similar to their healthy peers but face elevated risk for adverse health consequences. As salient reasons to abstain from or limit drinking (RALD) among YCMC are unknown, the investigators sought to identify clusters of RALD and test associations with use behaviors. The investigators concluded that for YCMC, RALD were complex but endorsement of multiple general and health-related RALD was associated with less use, and health concerns are especially prevalent.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Wisk LE, Magane KM, Levy S .
Alcohol use behaviors and reasons to abstain from or limit drinking among medically vulnerable youth.
J Addict Med 2020 Jul/Aug;14(4):311-18. doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000603..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Alcohol Use, Behavioral Health, Vulnerable Populations, Substance Abuse
Burner E, Zhang M, Terp S
Feasibility and acceptability of a text message-based intervention to reduce overuse of alcohol in emergency department patients: controlled proof-of-concept trial.
The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of and patient satisfaction with a text-based mHealth extension of an emergency department (ED) screening program to reduce risky alcohol use in low-income, urban patients. A case-control study was designed using a SMS text message-capable phones to receive mROAD (mobilizing to Reduce Overuse of Alcohol in the ED), an SMS text message-based extension of the ED screening program. mROAD is a 7-day program of twice-daily SMS text messages based on the NIH Health Rethinking Drinking campaign. Of 1028 patients screened, 9.2% exhibited risky alcohol use based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in the ED. Almost a quarter of the patients did not have an SMS text-messaging capable phone, leaving 76% eligible patients. Changes in behavior were similar between the two groups. The number of drinking days reported in the prior 30 days decreased by 5 and the number of heavy drinking days decreased by 4.1. Patients reported an 11-point increase in motivation to change alcohol use via the Change Questionnaire.
AHRQ-funded; HS022402.
Citation: Burner E, Zhang M, Terp S .
Feasibility and acceptability of a text message-based intervention to reduce overuse of alcohol in emergency department patients: controlled proof-of-concept trial.
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020 Jun 4;8(6):e17557. doi: 10.2196/17557..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Substance Abuse, Emergency Department, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Screening, Prevention
Rogal S, Youk A, Zhang H
Impact of alcohol use disorder treatment on clinical outcomes among patients with cirrhosis.
Despite significant medical and economic consequences of coexisting alcohol use disorder (AUD) in patients with cirrhosis, little is known about AUD treatment patterns and their impact on clinical outcomes in this population. In this study the investigators aimed to characterize the use of and outcomes associated with AUD treatment in patients with cirrhosis. This retrospective cohort study included Veterans with cirrhosis who received Veterans Health Administration (VA) care and had an index diagnosis of AUD between 2011 and 2015.
AHRQ-funded; HS019461.
Citation: Rogal S, Youk A, Zhang H .
Impact of alcohol use disorder treatment on clinical outcomes among patients with cirrhosis.
Hepatology 2020 Jun;71(6):2080-92. doi: 10.1002/hep.31042..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Substance Abuse, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Veterans
Kuhns LM, Carlino B, Greeley K
A chart review of substance use screening and related documentation among adolescents in outpatient pediatric clinics: implications for practice.
This study looked at rates of substance use screening and related documentation among adolescents aged 12-17 in outpatient pediatric clinics in a large academic medical center. The authors abstracted a random sample of 127 records and coded clinical notes to describe screening cases and related characteristics. They then analyzed descriptive patterns within the data to calculate screening rates, characteristics of screening, and identify related factors. Rates of screening by providers was 72% for each common substance and a total of 6% of patients reported substance use during screening.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Kuhns LM, Carlino B, Greeley K .
A chart review of substance use screening and related documentation among adolescents in outpatient pediatric clinics: implications for practice.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2020 May 25;15(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s13011-020-00276-4..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Substance Abuse, Screening, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Alcohol Use, Practice Patterns, Primary Care
Huffstetler AN, Kuzel AJ, Sabo RT
Practice facilitation to promote evidence-based screening and management of unhealthy alcohol use in primary care: a practice-level randomized controlled trial.
Investigators are initiating a clinic-level randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate how primary care clinicians can impact unhealthy alcohol use through screening, counseling, and medication-assisted therapy (MAT). After completion of the intervention, researchers will conduct a mixed methods analysis to identify changes in screening rates, increase in provision of brief counseling and interventions as well as MAT, and the reduction of alcohol intake for patients after practices receive practice facilitation. They propose practice facilitation as a robust and feasible intervention to assist in making changes within the practice and believe that the process can be replicated and used in a broad range of clinical settings. They anticipate that these statements will be supported by their evaluation of this approach.
AHRQ-funded; HS027077.
Citation: Huffstetler AN, Kuzel AJ, Sabo RT .
Practice facilitation to promote evidence-based screening and management of unhealthy alcohol use in primary care: a practice-level randomized controlled trial.
BMC Fam Pract 2020 May 20;21(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s12875-020-01147-4..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Primary Care, Primary Care: Models of Care, Screening, Care Management, Prevention
Sayre M, Lapham GT, Lee AK
Routine assessment of symptoms of substance use disorders in primary care: prevalence and severity of reported symptoms.
This study looked at the prevalence and severity of DSM-5 substance use disorders (SUDs) reported by primary care (PC) patients as part of routine care. This cross-sectional study used data from 241,265 adult patients who visited one of 25 PC sites in an integrated health system in Washington state and had alcohol, cannabis, or other drug use screening documented in their electronic health records from March 2015-July 2018. A scale of Symptom Checklists (0-11) was used based on DSM-5 with 2-3 rated as mild, 4-5 moderate, and 6-11 severe. Out of those screened patients, 16,775 (5.7%) reported high-risk use of alcohol (2.4%), cannabis (3.9%), and/or other drugs (1.7%) with 65-70% completing the Symptom Checklists. Of those with high-risk alcohol use, 52.5% reported 2 or more symptoms consistent with mild-severe alcohol use disorders. Mild-severe symptoms were reported by 29.8% of patients reporting daily cannabis use, and 37.5% of patients reporting any other drug use had 2 or greater symptoms.
AHRQ-funded; HS023173.
Citation: Sayre M, Lapham GT, Lee AK .
Routine assessment of symptoms of substance use disorders in primary care: prevalence and severity of reported symptoms.
J Gen Intern Med 2020 Apr;35(4):1111-19. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05650-3..
Keywords: Substance Abuse, Alcohol Use, Primary Care, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
BJ BJ, McGinnis KA, Edelman EJ
Predictors of initiation of and retention on medications for alcohol use disorder among people living with and without HIV.
Researchers examined predictors of medications for alcohol use disorder initiation and retention across HIV status. Data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study data was used to identify new alcohol use disorder diagnoses among 163,339 individuals from 1998 to 2015. The researchers found that the low frequency of retention precluded multivariable analyses for retention. They concluded that, for people living with HIV and uninfected individuals, targeted implementation strategies to expand medications for alcohol use disorder are needed, particularly for specific subpopulations.
AHRQ-funded; HS021112.
Citation: BJ BJ, McGinnis KA, Edelman EJ .
Predictors of initiation of and retention on medications for alcohol use disorder among people living with and without HIV.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2020 Feb;109:14-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2019.11.002..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Substance Abuse, Medication, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Veterans
Lipira L, Rao D, Nevin PE
Patterns of alcohol use and associated characteristics and HIV-related outcomes among a sample of African-American women living with HIV.
The authors used baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of an HIV-related stigma-reduction intervention among African-American women living with HIV in Chicago and Birmingham. They measured patterns of alcohol use, then assessed demographic, social, and clinical characteristics which may influence alcohol use and HIV-related outcomes which may be influenced by patterns of alcohol use. Their findings suggest that alcohol use is common and associated with poor HIV-related outcomes in this population. They recommended that regular alcohol screening and intervention be offered.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Lipira L, Rao D, Nevin PE .
Patterns of alcohol use and associated characteristics and HIV-related outcomes among a sample of African-American women living with HIV.
Drug Alcohol Depend 2020 Jan 1;206:107753. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107753..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Alcohol Use, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Women, Substance Abuse
Shen NT, Salajegheh A, Brown RS
A call to standardize definitions, data collection, and outcome assessment to improve care in alcohol-related liver disease.
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is highly prevalent and appears to be increasingly reported with worsening mortality; thus, optimizing care in this patient population is imperative. This requires a multidisciplinary, multifaceted approach that includes recognizing alcohol use disorder (AUD) and existing treatments for AUD. In this paper, the authors call for standardizing definitions, data collection, and outcome assessment to improve care in alcohol-related liver disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Shen NT, Salajegheh A, Brown RS .
A call to standardize definitions, data collection, and outcome assessment to improve care in alcohol-related liver disease.
Hepatology 2019 Sep;70(3):1038-44. doi: 10.1002/hep.30587..
Keywords: Data, Alcohol Use, Outcomes
Ibrahim N, Alameddine M, Brennan J
New onset alcohol use disorder following bariatric surgery.
Researchers sought to characterize the patients and incidence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). They found that the prevalence of alcohol use disorder in patients undergoing SG and RYGB was similar pre- and postoperatively, with the majority of patients developing AUD following their second postoperative year. The authors recommended understanding the timing and incidence of AUD in order to provide appropriate counseling and treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS023621; HS024403.
Citation: Ibrahim N, Alameddine M, Brennan J .
New onset alcohol use disorder following bariatric surgery.
Surg Endosc 2019 Aug;33(8):2521-30. doi: 10.1007/s00464-018-6545-x..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Behavioral Health, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Substance Abuse, Surgery
Mabry-Hernandez I, Scoulios N
Screening and behavioral counseling interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use in adolescents and adults.
This case study concerns a 20-year-old male university student with a history of exercise-induced asthma presenting for his yearly physical. He expresses that he occasionally misses classes in the morning because he is tired.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mabry-Hernandez I, Scoulios N .
Screening and behavioral counseling interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use in adolescents and adults.
Am Fam Physician 2019 Jun 15;99(12):771-72..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Alcohol Use, Substance Abuse, Screening, Prevention, Primary Care, Case Study
Gupta NM, Lindenauer PK, Yu PC
Association between alcohol use disorders and outcomes of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.
The purpose of this study was to compare the causes, treatment, and outcomes of pneumonia in patients with and without alcohol use disorder (AUD). Results suggest that, compared with hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia but without AUD, those with AUD less often harbor resistant organisms. The authors conclude that higher age-adjusted risk of death among patients with AUD appears to be largely attributable to differences in comorbidities, whereas greater use of health care resources may be attributable to alcohol withdrawal.
AHRQ-funded; HS024277; HS025026.
Citation: Gupta NM, Lindenauer PK, Yu PC .
Association between alcohol use disorders and outcomes of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.
JAMA Netw Open 2019 Jun 5;2(6):e195172. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5172..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Community-Acquired Infections, Hospitalization, Outcomes, Pneumonia, Substance Abuse
Kazemi DM, Borsari B, Levine MJ
Real-time demonstration of a mHealth app designed to reduce college students hazardous drinking.
The authors developed a smartphone application (SmarTrek) that targets college students and aims to reduce risky alcohol use. They found that the majority of participants agreed that SmarTrek was easy to use and that the information provided was useful and had a positive effect on decreasing their drinking.
AHRQ-funded; HS023875.
Citation: Kazemi DM, Borsari B, Levine MJ .
Real-time demonstration of a mHealth app designed to reduce college students hazardous drinking.
Psychol Serv 2019 May;16(2):255-59. doi: 10.1037/ser0000310..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Behavioral Health, Lifestyle Changes, Health Information Technology (HIT), Substance Abuse, Telehealth, Young Adults
Shen NT, Londono C, Gold S
Systematic review with meta-analysis on transplantation for alcohol-related liver disease: very low evidence of improved outcomes.
Under the hypothesis that, while liver transplantation for patients with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) may improve mortality and relapse, findings will be limited by pre-specified causes of heterogeneity, researchers conducted a systematic review. Data from 10 studies comparing use of liver transplant in ALD to no-transplant was analyzed. Primary outcome of both was short- and long-term mortality and relapse. The results of the review indicate that liver transplantation for ALD patients suggests reduced mortality and relapse in heterogeneous, institution-specific populations. The authors note that, to understand efficacy of transplanting ALD, their research approach must change.
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Shen NT, Londono C, Gold S .
Systematic review with meta-analysis on transplantation for alcohol-related liver disease: very low evidence of improved outcomes.
World J Gastroenterol 2019 Apr 7;25(13):1628-39. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i13.1628..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Evidence-Based Practice, Mortality, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Surgery, Transplantation
Shafer PR, Borsky A, Ngo-Metzger Q
The practice gap: national estimates of screening and counseling for alcohol, tobacco, and obesity.
The authors of this study estimated screening and counseling rates for tobacco and alcohol use, and obesity by using a nationally representative sample of adults aged 35 years and older. Receipt of the recommended level of services ranged from nearly two-thirds for obesity and tobacco use to less than half for alcohol misuse. The authors conclude that care delivery shows significant room for improvement, but primary care practices may need additional resources to raise their screening and counseling rates.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Shafer PR, Borsky A, Ngo-Metzger Q .
The practice gap: national estimates of screening and counseling for alcohol, tobacco, and obesity.
Ann Fam Med 2019 Mar;17(2):161-63. doi: 10.1370/afm.2363..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity, Prevention, Primary Care, Screening, Substance Abuse, Tobacco Use
