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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 35 Research Studies DisplayedRees CA, Stewart AM, Portillo EN
Reporting of important social determinants of health in pediatric clinical trials.
The purpose of this study was to assess the rates and trends in the reporting of sexual orientation, gender identity, preferred language, and socioeconomic factors in published pediatric clinical trials. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of pediatric clinical trials in the United States published from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2020 in 5 general pediatric and 5 general medical journals with the highest impact factor in their respective fields. Outcomes included reporting of sexual orientation, gender identity, socioeconomic factors, and preferred language. The study found that in 612 trials, 29.6% reported preferred language. Among these, 64.6% exclusively enrolled participants whose preferred language was English. From 2011 to 2020, there was a relative increase in the reporting of preferred language. Socioeconomic factors were reported in 47.9% of trials. There was no significant change in the reporting of socioeconomic factors of published trial results among adolescent participants reported any measure of sexual orientation, and 1.1% reported gender identity. The researchers concluded that despite sexual orientation, gender identity, preferred language, and socioeconomic factors being increasingly recognized as social determinants of health these variables were infrequently included in pediatric clinical trial results reporting.
AHRQ-funded; HS026503.
Citation: Rees CA, Stewart AM, Portillo EN .
Reporting of important social determinants of health in pediatric clinical trials.
Am J Prev Med 2023 Jun; 64(6):918-26. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.12.004..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Social Determinants of Health, Health Services Research (HSR)
Callejo-Black A, Wagner DV, Ramanujam K
A systematic review of external validity in pediatric integrated primary care trials.
This study used the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework to conduct a systematic review of external validity reporting in integrated primary care (IPC) interventions for mental health concerns. A literature search was conducted to identify relevant literature from 1998 to 2018 reporting on open, randomized or quasi-randomized trials of IPC interventions that targeted child (ages 0-18 years) psychological symptoms. The authors included 39 publications describing 25 studies in the review. Publications rarely reported indicators of external validity, including the representatives of participants (12%), rate of adoption clinics or providers (16%), cost of implementation (8%), or evidence of maintenance (16%). Few studies also included key pragmatic factors such as cost or organizational change processes related to implementation and maintenance.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Callejo-Black A, Wagner DV, Ramanujam K .
A systematic review of external validity in pediatric integrated primary care trials.
J Pediatr Psychol 2020 Oct 1;45(9):1039-52. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa068..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Primary Care, Behavioral Health, Healthcare Delivery, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Bucholz EM, Toomey SL, Butala NM
Suitability of elderly adult hospital readmission rates for profiling readmissions in younger adult and pediatric populations.
Investigators sought to determine the correlation between hospital 30-day risk-standardized readmission rates in elderly adults and those in nonelderly adults and children. Data from U.S. hospitals in the 2013-2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database were used. The researchers found that hospital readmission rates in elderly adults may reflect broader hospital readmission performance in middle-aged and young adult populations, but they are not reflective of hospital performance in pediatric populations.
AHRQ-funded; HS020513; HS025299.
Citation: Bucholz EM, Toomey SL, Butala NM .
Suitability of elderly adult hospital readmission rates for profiling readmissions in younger adult and pediatric populations.
Health Serv Res 2020 Apr;55(2):277-87. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13269..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospital Readmissions, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies, Children/Adolescents
Michelson KA, Nigrovic LE, Nagler J
Research interest in pediatric emergency medicine fellows.
The authors sought to determine the prevalence and determinants of interest in research careers among pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows. They performed an electronically distributed national survey of current PEM fellows, assessing demographics, barriers to successful research, and beliefs about research using 4-point ordinal scales. The authors found that most fellows expect to devote a minority of their career to clinical research. Enthusiasm about research was strongly correlated with career research interest.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Michelson KA, Nigrovic LE, Nagler J .
Research interest in pediatric emergency medicine fellows.
Pediatr Emerg Care 2020 Feb;36(2):e38-e42. doi: 10.1097/pec.0000000000001085..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Provider: Physician, Provider, Education: Continuing Medical Education
Wooldridge A, Carayon P, Hoonakker P
Complexity of the pediatric trauma care process: implications for multi-level awareness.
Trauma is the leading cause of disability and death in children and young adults in the US. While much is known about the medical aspects of inpatient pediatric trauma care, not much is known about the processes and roles involved in in-hospital care. Using human factors engineering (HFE) methods, the investigators combined interview, archival document and trauma registry data to describe how intra-hospital care transitions affect process and team complexity.
AHRQ-funded; HS023837.
Citation: Wooldridge A, Carayon P, Hoonakker P .
Complexity of the pediatric trauma care process: implications for multi-level awareness.
Cogn Technol Work 2019 Aug;21(3):397-416. doi: 10.1007/s10111-018-0520-0..
Keywords: Care Coordination, Children/Adolescents, Critical Care, Health Services Research (HSR), Healthcare Delivery, Inpatient Care, Patient Safety, Teams, Trauma, Young Adults
Miller MR, Mistry KB
AHRQ Author: Mistry KB
Developing pediatric patient safety research priorities.
This article is a commentary on a newly published article by Hoffman et al entitled “Priorities for Pediatric Safety Research”. The authors agree with the discussion in the article and further elaborate on several ideas in the article. The four points discussed are: 1) broadening the stakeholders; 2) recognize the role of distinct data sources; 3) understand real-world barriers to uptake of evidence-based strategies; and 4) incorporate maternal health factors into the research.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Miller MR, Mistry KB .
Developing pediatric patient safety research priorities.
Pediatrics 2019 Feb;143(2):pii: e20182970. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-2970..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Patient Safety
Riley AR, Freeman KA
Impacting pediatric primary care: opportunities and challenges for behavioral research in a shifting healthcare landscape.
This commentary discusses the role that behavioral analysts can have in partnership with pediatric medicine. There have been advances, but there has been limited impact for the daily practice of pediatrics. The authors discuss why behavioral pediatrics has failed to gain traction in primary care, describe possible opportunities for an expanded portfolio of research, and identify several examplars from the behavior analytic literature that has influenced pediatric primary care, and make further recommendations for producing influential data.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Riley AR, Freeman KA .
Impacting pediatric primary care: opportunities and challenges for behavioral research in a shifting healthcare landscape.
Behav Anal 2019 Feb;19(1):23-38. doi: 10.1037/bar0000114..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Healthcare Delivery, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Primary Care, Primary Care: Models of Care, Research Methodologies
Klig JE, Fang A, Fox SM
2018 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference: Advancing Pediatric Emergency Medicine Education Through Research and Scholarship.
To achieve high-quality emergency care for pediatric patients nationwide, it is necessary to define the key elements for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) education and scholarship. A working group of medical educators was formed to review the literature, develop a framework for consensus discussion at the breakout session, and then translate their findings into recommendations for future research and scholarship.
AHRQ-funded; HS026101.
Citation: Klig JE, Fang A, Fox SM .
2018 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference: Advancing Pediatric Emergency Medicine Education Through Research and Scholarship.
Acad Emerg Med 2018 Dec;25(12):1327-35. doi: 10.1111/acem.13632..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR)
I Auerbach, M Badaki-Makun, O
AHRQ Author: Barata
A research agenda to advance pediatric emergency care through enhanced collaboration across emergency departments.
In 2018, the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine and the journal Academic Emergency Medicine (AEM) convened a consensus conference entitled, "Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference: Aligning the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Research Agenda to Reduce Health Outcome Gaps." This article is the product of the breakout session, "Emergency Department Collaboration-Pediatric Emergency Medicine in Non-Children's Hospital."
AHRQ-funded; HS026101.
Citation: I Auerbach, M Badaki-Makun, O .
A research agenda to advance pediatric emergency care through enhanced collaboration across emergency departments.
Acad Emerg Med 2018 Dec;25(12):1415-26. doi: 10.1111/acem.13642..
Keywords: Care Coordination, Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Services Research (HSR), Outcomes, Quality of Care, Quality Improvement
Burgette JM, Preisser JS, Rozier RG
Access to preventive services after the integration of oral health care into early childhood education and medical care.
The authors compared children enrolled in North Carolina Early Head Start (EHS) programs with similar children enrolled in Medicaid but not EHS on the use of POHS. They analyzed 4 dependent variables (oral assessment by medical health care provider, oral assessment by oral health care provider, fluoride application by medical health care provider, fluoride application by oral health care provider) by using multivariate logistic regression that controlled for covariates.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Burgette JM, Preisser JS, Rozier RG .
Access to preventive services after the integration of oral health care into early childhood education and medical care.
J Am Dent Assoc 2018 Dec;149(12):1024-31.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.07.019..
Keywords: Access to Care, Children/Adolescents, Dental and Oral Health, Health Services Research (HSR), Medicaid, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Prevention
Adelgais KM, Hansen M, Lerner EB
Establishing the key outcomes for pediatric emergency medical services research.
The evidence supporting best practices when treating children in the prehospital setting or even the effect emergency medical services (EMS) has on patient outcomes is limited. This article describes a consensus process among stakeholders in the pediatric emergency medicine and EMS community that identified the critical outcomes for EMS care in five clinical areas (traumatic brain injury, general injury, respiratory disease/failure, sepsis, and seizures).
AHRQ-funded; HS026101.
Citation: Adelgais KM, Hansen M, Lerner EB .
Establishing the key outcomes for pediatric emergency medical services research.
Acad Emerg Med 2018 Dec;25(12):1345-54. doi: 10.1111/acem.13637..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Evidence-Based Practice, Health Services Research (HSR), Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Vemulakonda VM, Bush RA, Kahn MG
"Minimally invasive research?" Use of the electronic health record to facilitate research in pediatric urology.
This literature study examined the use of electronic health records (EHRs) to facilitate research in pediatric urology. The use of EHRs has been strongly encouraged by US federal agencies, including AHRQ. The researchers found that EHR use for research has strengths and weaknesses and more collaboration is needed to identify the method that best suits incorporation of research-oriented data collection into routine pediatric urologic clinical practice.
AHRQ-funded; HS024597; HS022404.
Citation: Vemulakonda VM, Bush RA, Kahn MG .
"Minimally invasive research?" Use of the electronic health record to facilitate research in pediatric urology.
J Pediatr Urol 2018 Oct;14(5):374-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2018.04.033..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Children/Adolescents, Health Information Technology (HIT), Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Auger KA, Shah SS, Tubbs-Cooley HL
Effects of a 1-time nurse-led telephone call after pediatric discharge: the H2O II randomized clinical trial.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a single nurse-led telephone call after pediatric discharge decreased the 30-day reutilization rate for urgent care services and enhanced overall transition success. The investigators concluded that although postdischarge nurse contact did not decrease the reutilization rate of postdischarge urgent health care services, the method showed promise to bolster postdischarge education.
AHRQ-funded; HS024735.
Citation: Auger KA, Shah SS, Tubbs-Cooley HL .
Effects of a 1-time nurse-led telephone call after pediatric discharge: the H2O II randomized clinical trial.
JAMA Pediatr 2018 Sep;172(9):e181482. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.1482..
Keywords: Care Coordination, Children/Adolescents, Health Information Technology (HIT), Health Services Research (HSR), Healthcare Delivery, Healthcare Utilization, Hospital Discharge, Outcomes, Provider, Provider: Nurse, Telehealth, Transitions of Care
Shah PD, Marciniak MW, Golden SD
Pharmacies versus doctors' offices for adolescent vaccination.
This study sought to understand the relative advantage of pharmacies compared to doctors' offices for delivering HPV vaccination to adolescents. The authors concluded that to be more appealing to parents as HPV vaccine providers, pharmacy providers within community and hospital settings should build on their relative advantage with respect to accessibility and enhance their appeal of their healthcare environment.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Shah PD, Marciniak MW, Golden SD .
Pharmacies versus doctors' offices for adolescent vaccination.
Vaccine 2018 Jun 7;36(24):3453-59. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.088..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Provider: Pharmacist, Vaccination
Mbachu SN, Pieribone VA, Bechtel KA
Optimizing recruitment and retention of adolescents in ED research: findings from concussion biomarker pilot study.
The authors conducted a pilot study to optimize screening, recruitment, and enrollment strategies for a larger, fully-powered study that seeks to identify proteins in the blood of adolescent athletes following a concussion that are significantly and consistently altered compared with age- and gender-matched controls with isolated extremity injuries. They found that EHR-based notifications and financial incentives for participation in ED research on prolonged recovery in adolescents with concussion increased participant identification and enrollment and retention rates to inform and optimize the enrollment and recruitment strategies for a larger study. There was a clear trend for participants to present to the ED on nights or weekends, likely reflecting the time of sport play.
AHRQ-funded; HS021271.
Citation: Mbachu SN, Pieribone VA, Bechtel KA .
Optimizing recruitment and retention of adolescents in ED research: findings from concussion biomarker pilot study.
Am J Emerg Med 2018 May;36(5):884-87. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.09.014.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Hermann LE, Hall M, Kyler K
The pipeline from abstract presentation to publication in pediatric hospital medicine.
The authors of this article identified the publication rate of abstracts submitted to the 2014 Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) conference and determined whether presentation format was associated with subsequent journal publication or time to publication. They found that abstracts accepted for oral presentation had more than 7-fold greater odds of publication and a 4-fold greater likelihood of publication at each month compared with rejected abstracts. Median journal impact factor was significantly higher for oral presentations than for other presentation formats. They concluded that abstract reviewers may be able to identify methodologically sound studies for presentation; however, the low overall publication rate may indicate that presented results are preliminary or signify a need for increased mentorship and resources for research development in PHM.
AHRQ-funded; 2337002T; 233201500016I.
Citation: Hermann LE, Hall M, Kyler K .
The pipeline from abstract presentation to publication in pediatric hospital medicine.
J Hosp Med 2018 Feb;13(2):90-95. doi: 10.12788/jhm.2853..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Hospitals
Raffo JE, Lloyd C, Collier M
Defining the role of the community health worker within a federal healthy start care coordination team.
The Strong Beginnings program worked to define community health worker (CHW) interventions, a core service of the program to improve maternal and child health. The workgroup identified seven core functions and 28 maternal and child health risk topics to be addressed by the CHW. The process resulted in a detailed document of program interventions that the CHWs use to guide care.
AHRQ-funded; HS020208.
Citation: Raffo JE, Lloyd C, Collier M .
Defining the role of the community health worker within a federal healthy start care coordination team.
Matern Child Health J 2017 Dec;21(Suppl 1):93-100. doi: 10.1007/s10995-017-2379-8.
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Keywords: Care Coordination, Children/Adolescents, Health Promotion, Health Services Research (HSR), Maternal Care
Hessels AJ, Darby SW, Simpser E
National testing of the nursing-kids intensity of care survey for pediatric long-term care.
The purpose of this study is to test the Nursing-Kids Intensity of Care, a measure of the intensity of nursing care needs, defined as the quantity and type of direct and indirect care activities performed by caregivers in a national sample. The authors concluded that additional testing to further establish psychometric sufficiency and expanded use to quantify the intensity of nursing care needs of children with complex medical conditions in pediatric long-term care settings is recommended.
AHRQ-funded; HS021470.
AHRQ-funded; HS021470.
AHRQ-funded; HS021470.
Citation: Hessels AJ, Darby SW, Simpser E .
National testing of the nursing-kids intensity of care survey for pediatric long-term care.
J Pediatr Nurs 2017 Nov/Dec;37:86-90. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2017.08.026..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Long-Term Care, Nursing, Children/Adolescents
Fairbrother G, Dougherty D, Pradhananga R
AHRQ Author: Dougherty D
Road to the future: priorities for child health services research.
The researchers sought to develop and disseminate a robust, domestically focused, policy-oriented health services research agenda. Among the six priority domains identified for future research, including both enduring and emerging emphases were: 1) framing children's health issues so that they are compelling to policy-makers; 2) addressing poverty and other social determinants of child health and wellbeing; and 3) promoting equity in population health and health care.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Fairbrother G, Dougherty D, Pradhananga R .
Road to the future: priorities for child health services research.
Acad Pediatr 2017 Nov - Dec;17(8):814-24. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2017.04.015.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Health Services Research (HSR), Policy
Jolles MP, Wells R
Does caregiver participation in decision making within child welfare agencies influence children's primary and mental health care service use?
This study uses a national sample of children involved with child welfare to compare their health service use between those children served through a participatory decision making (PDM) practice and those who did not experience it. It concluded that lower-risk families were more likely to be served through PDM which was positively associated with child use of primary health services.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Jolles MP, Wells R .
Does caregiver participation in decision making within child welfare agencies influence children's primary and mental health care service use?
Child Care Health Dev 2017 Mar;43(2):192-201. doi: 10.1111/cch.12384.
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Keywords: Caregiving, Children/Adolescents, Shared Decision Making, Health Services Research (HSR), Patient and Family Engagement
Harris SK, Aalsma MC, Weitzman ER
Research on clinical preventive services for adolescents and young adults: where are we and where do we need to go?
The researchers reviewed research regarding system- and visit-level strategies to enhance clinical preventive service delivery and quality for adolescents and young adults. They argue that further research that builds off successful models of linking traditional and community clinics is needed to improve access to care for all youth.
AHRQ-funded; HS022681.
Citation: Harris SK, Aalsma MC, Weitzman ER .
Research on clinical preventive services for adolescents and young adults: where are we and where do we need to go?
J Adolesc Health 2017 Mar;60(3):249-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.10.005.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Prevention, Primary Care, Young Adults
Ray KN, Mehrotra A
Trends in access to primary care for children in the United States, 2002-2013.
Using MEPS data, the authors described how access to primary care has changed over the last decade for children. They found no change in the proportion of children with a usual source of care (USC). Other measures improved, but out-of-pocket costs increased among privately insured children. Results suggested that after-hours accommodation within the USC is worsening, despite the promotion of patient-centered medical home initiatives. All measures of acceptability improved, consistent with a growing focus on family-centeredness of care.
AHRQ-funded; HS022989.
Citation: Ray KN, Mehrotra A .
Trends in access to primary care for children in the United States, 2002-2013.
JAMA Pediatr 2016 Oct;170(10):1023-25. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0985.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Primary Care
Brand SR, Pickard L, Mack JW
What adult cancer care can learn from pediatrics.
However, pediatric cancer centers follow three core principles that enhance their patients’ overall care experience. This article discusses those principles, with the aim of helping adult cancer centers learn from what pediatric centers do well.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Brand SR, Pickard L, Mack JW .
What adult cancer care can learn from pediatrics.
J Oncol Pract 2016 Sep;12(9):765-7. doi: 10.1200/jop.2016.015057..
Keywords: Cancer, Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Healthcare Delivery, Patient Experience, Children/Adolescents
Luff D, Allair B, Litterer K
Parent and teen engagement in pediatric health services research training.
The Harvard-wide Pediatric Health Services Research (HSR) Fellowship Program is a multidisciplinary program that has trained child health researchers for over 20 years. In 2013, it set out to engage patients and families in the redesign of its research training activities. The authors concluded that the benefits from including parents and teens in our program exceeded their expectations. Patients and parents of children with chronic illness came to understand how research informs the care they receive.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Luff D, Allair B, Litterer K .
Parent and teen engagement in pediatric health services research training.
Acad Pediatr 2016 Jul;16(5):496-98. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2016.02.004.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Health Services Research (HSR), Patient and Family Engagement, Children/Adolescents
McConnochie KM, Wood NE, Alarie C
Care offered by an information-rich pediatric acute illness connected care model.
The authors described care provided over a 12-year period by Health-e-Access, an evidence-based, information-rich, connected care model designed to serve children with acute illness. They demonstrated the broad clinical capacity of this care model and key components imparting this capacity. They concluded that Health-e-Access included technology essential for establishing diagnoses, ruling out more serious conditions, and identifying problems beyond its scope.
AHRQ-funded; HS018912; HS016871; HS015165.
Citation: McConnochie KM, Wood NE, Alarie C .
Care offered by an information-rich pediatric acute illness connected care model.
Telemed J E Health 2016 Jun;22(6):465-72. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2015.0161.
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Keywords: Critical Care, Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Children/Adolescents, Telehealth