National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Topics
- Alcohol Use (1)
- Arthritis (2)
- Asthma (1)
- Behavioral Health (1)
- Blood Pressure (1)
- Brain Injury (1)
- Cancer (4)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (4)
- Cancer: Lung Cancer (1)
- Cancer: Prostate Cancer (2)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (3)
- Care Management (1)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
- Clinical Decision Support (CDS) (1)
- Communication (3)
- Community-Based Practice (1)
- Comparative Effectiveness (8)
- Cultural Competence (2)
- Depression (1)
- Diabetes (4)
- Disparities (12)
- Education: Patient and Caregiver (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Emergency Department (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (7)
- Healthcare Costs (2)
- Healthcare Delivery (1)
- Healthcare Utilization (1)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (3)
- Health Literacy (1)
- Health Services Research (HSR) (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (1)
- Hospitalization (2)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1)
- Implementation (1)
- Labor and Delivery (1)
- Lifestyle Changes (1)
- Low-Income (1)
- Medicare (1)
- Medication (3)
- Men's Health (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Obesity: Weight Management (1)
- Outcomes (12)
- Pain (1)
- Palliative Care (2)
- Patient-Centered Healthcare (1)
- (-) Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (34)
- Patient Self-Management (1)
- Policy (1)
- Practice Patterns (1)
- Prevention (2)
- Primary Care (1)
- Quality Indicators (QIs) (1)
- Quality of Care (1)
- Quality of Life (1)
- (-) Racial and Ethnic Minorities (34)
- Research Methodologies (2)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Sex Factors (1)
- Shared Decision Making (3)
- Social Determinants of Health (5)
- Stroke (1)
- Surgery (4)
- Telehealth (1)
- Tobacco Use (1)
- Training (1)
- Treatments (2)
- Urban Health (1)
- Vulnerable Populations (1)
- Women (2)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 34 Research Studies DisplayedKrishnan JA, Margellos-Anast H, Kumar R
Coordinated Health Care Interventions for Childhood Asthma Gaps in Outcomes (CHICAGO) plan.
The purpose of this clinical trial was to compare an emergency-department- (ED) only intervention and home visits by community health workers for 6 months (ED-plus-home) and enhanced usual care (UC). The study enrolled children aged 5 to 11 years with uncontrolled asthma. The primary outcomes were change over 6 months in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Asthma Impact Scale score in children and Satisfaction with Participation in Social Roles score in caregivers. The secondary outcomes included guideline-recommended ED discharge care and self-management. The study found that of the 373 children recruited, only 63% completed the 6-month follow-up visit. Differences in Asthma Impact Scores or caregivers' Satisfaction with Participation in Social Roles scores were not significant. However, in the intervention groups guideline-recommended ED discharge care improved significantly versus in the UC group, and self-management behaviors were significantly improved in the ED-plus-home group versus in the ED-only and UC groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS027804.
Citation: Krishnan JA, Margellos-Anast H, Kumar R .
Coordinated Health Care Interventions for Childhood Asthma Gaps in Outcomes (CHICAGO) plan.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2023 Aug; 2(3). doi: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100100..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Asthma, Respiratory Conditions, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Emergency Department, Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Health Information Technology (HIT), Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Rosas LG, Lv N, Xiao L
Effect of a culturally adapted behavioral intervention for Latino adults on weight loss over 2 years: a randomized clinical trial.
Identifying effective weight loss interventions for Latino adults at risk of diabetes is of critical public health importance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a culturally adapted behavioral intervention for Latino adults was more effective than usual care for weight loss over 24 months. The investigators concluded that among Latino adults with high diabetes risk, a culturally adapted behavioral lifestyle intervention was effective for weight loss over 12 months but not 24 months.
AHRQ-funded; HS022702.
Citation: Rosas LG, Lv N, Xiao L .
Effect of a culturally adapted behavioral intervention for Latino adults on weight loss over 2 years: a randomized clinical trial.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Dec;3(12):e2027744. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27744..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Cultural Competence, Diabetes, Primary Care, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice
Presley C, Agne A, Shelton T
Mobile-enhanced peer support for African Americans with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.
This study compared the effectiveness of a community-based diabetes self-management education (DSME) plus mobile health (mHealth)-enhanced peer support intervention to community-based DSME alone for African American adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. This randomized controlled trial took place in Jefferson County, Alabama within a safety-net healthcare system with a group diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and hemoglobin A1C ≥ 7.5%. The intervention group reviewed community-based DSME plus 6 months of mHealth-enhanced peer support, including 12 weekly phone calls, then 3 monthly calls from community health workers. The control group received community based DSME only. Primary outcomes were lower A1C and secondary outcomes were lower diabetes distress, depressive symptoms, self-efficacy or confidence in their ability to manage diabetes, and social support. Of 120 participants selected, 97 completed the study. Both groups experienced clinical meaning reduction in A1C. Participants in the intervention group experienced a significantly larger reduction in diabetes distress compared to the control group.
AHRQ-funded; HS019465.
Citation: Presley C, Agne A, Shelton T .
Mobile-enhanced peer support for African Americans with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.
J Gen Intern Med 2020 Oct;35(10):2889-96. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06011-w..
Keywords: Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Patient Self-Management, Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Community-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Burnett-Zeigler I, Hong S, Waldron EM
A mindfulness-based intervention for low-income African American women with depressive symptoms delivered by an experienced instructor versus a novice instructor.
The authors piloted a streamlined mindfulness teacher training protocol for Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) staff. They also examined the distribution and variability of psychologic outcomes for participants in groups led by an experienced instructor compared to a FQHC staff instructor who received the streamlined training. They concluded that preliminary data indicate that health care staff who receive streamlined training to deliver mindfulness-based interventions have comparable outcomes as experienced instructors.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Burnett-Zeigler I, Hong S, Waldron EM .
A mindfulness-based intervention for low-income African American women with depressive symptoms delivered by an experienced instructor versus a novice instructor.
J Altern Complement Med 2019 Jul;25(7):699-708. doi: 10.1089/acm.2018.0393..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Comparative Effectiveness, Depression, Low-Income, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Vulnerable Populations, Training, Women
Gordon BE, Basak R, Carpenter WR
Factors influencing prostate cancer treatment decisions for African American and white men.
This prospective, population-based cohort study examined some possible reasons for mortality outcome differences for prostate cancer between African American (AA) and white patients. A cohort of 1170 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer were enrolled from 2011 to 2013 before treatment in North Carolina. Participants were asked to rate their aggressiveness of their cancer, and also the importance of 10 factors their treatment decision-making process. Among low-risk patients, there was no difference in perception of their cancer as “not very aggressive”. Among high-risk patients, 54% of AA patients considered their cancer to be “not very aggressive” while only 24% of white patients did. For AA patients, cost, treatment time, and recovery time were considered very important more than white patients.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Gordon BE, Basak R, Carpenter WR .
Factors influencing prostate cancer treatment decisions for African American and white men.
Cancer 2019 May 15;125(10):1693-700. doi: 10.1002/cncr.31932..
Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Cancer, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Disparities, Men's Health, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Mehta B, Szymonifka J, Dey S
Living in immigrant communities does not impact total knee arthroplasty outcomes: experience from a high-volume center in the United States.
The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of neighborhood immigrant proportion (IP) to preoperative and 2-year postoperative pain and function after elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Patients in a high-volume institutional TKA registry were analyzed retrospectively, and demographics, pre-op and 2-year post-op WOMAC pain and function scores, and addresses obtained. Patient-level variables were linked to Census Bureau tract data. Researchers conclude that patients living in high IP neighborhoods do not have worse pre-op or 2-year post-op pain and function outcomes after TKA compared to those living in lower IP neighborhoods.
AHRQ-funded; HS016075.
Citation: Mehta B, Szymonifka J, Dey S .
Living in immigrant communities does not impact total knee arthroplasty outcomes: experience from a high-volume center in the United States.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019 Feb 9;20(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2446-y..
Keywords: Arthritis, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health, Surgery
Wahl TS, Goss LE, Morris MS
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) eliminates racial disparities in postoperative length of stay after colorectal surgery.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on racial disparities in postoperative length of stay (pLOS) after colorectal surgery. The authors hypothesized that ERAS would reduce disparities in pLOS between black and white patients. They concluded that ERAS eliminated racial differences in pLOS between black and white patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Reduced pLOS occurred without increases in mortality, readmissions, and most postoperative complications.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Wahl TS, Goss LE, Morris MS .
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) eliminates racial disparities in postoperative length of stay after colorectal surgery.
Ann Surg 2018 Dec;268(6):1026-35. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002307..
Keywords: Surgery, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Care Management, Healthcare Delivery, Hospitalization, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes
Angraal S, Khera R, Wang Y
Sex and race differences in the utilization and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting among Medicare beneficiaries, 1999-2014.
The authors sought to evaluate how the use of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and its outcomes have evolved in different sex and racial subgroups. Using Medicare data, they found that women and black patients had persistently higher CABG mortality than men and white patients, respectively, despite greater declines over the time period. The authors conclude that these findings indicate progress, but further progress is needed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Angraal S, Khera R, Wang Y .
Sex and race differences in the utilization and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting among Medicare beneficiaries, 1999-2014.
J Am Heart Assoc 2018 Jul 12;7(14). doi: 10.1161/jaha.118.009014..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Evidence-Based Practice, Heart Disease and Health, Healthcare Utilization, Medicare, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors
Sander AM, Lequerica AH, Ketchum JM
Race/ethnicity and retention in traumatic brain injury outcomes research: a traumatic brain injury model systems national database study.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of race/ethnicity to retention in traumatic brain injury (TBI) research at 1 to 2 years postinjury. The findings emphasized the importance of investigating retention rates separately for blacks and Hispanics rather than combining them or grouping either with other races or ethnicities. The results also suggested the need for implementing procedures to increase retention of Hispanics in longitudinal TBI research.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Sander AM, Lequerica AH, Ketchum JM .
Race/ethnicity and retention in traumatic brain injury outcomes research: a traumatic brain injury model systems national database study.
J Head Trauma Rehabil 2018 Jul/Aug;33(4):219-27. doi: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000395..
Keywords: Brain Injury, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Rich NE, Oji S, Mufti AR
Racial and ethnic disparities in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence, severity, and outcomes in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the United States, affecting 75-100 million Americans. However, the disease burden may not be equally distributed among races or ethnicities. In this study, the investigators conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to characterize racial and ethnic disparities in NAFLD prevalence, severity, and prognosis.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Rich NE, Oji S, Mufti AR .
Racial and ethnic disparities in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence, severity, and outcomes in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Feb;16(2):198-210.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.09.041..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Yanez BR, Buitrago D, Buscemi J
Study design and protocol for My Guide: an e-health intervention to improve patient-centered outcomes among Hispanic breast cancer survivors.
This article describes a randomized controlled trial designed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of a Smartphone application intended to improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Hispanic breast cancer survivors. Participants are randomized to receive either the intervention application My Guide, or the health education control condition application My Health for six weeks, and also receive weekly telecoaching to enhance adherence to both applications. The study's outcomes are measured prior to intervention, immediately after, and eight weeks following initial application use.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Yanez BR, Buitrago D, Buscemi J .
Study design and protocol for My Guide: an e-health intervention to improve patient-centered outcomes among Hispanic breast cancer survivors.
Contemp Clin Trials 2018 Feb;65:61-68. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.11.018..
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Health Information Technology (HIT), Outcomes, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Quality of Life, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Women
Heerman WJ, Jackson N, Roumie CL
Recruitment methods for survey research: findings from the Mid-South Clinical Data Research Network.
The objective of this study was to report survey response rates and demographic characteristics of eight recruitment approaches to determine acceptability and effectiveness of large-scale patient recruitment among various populations. The study concluded that technology-enabled recruitment approaches such as registries and emails are effective for recruiting but may yield less racial/ethnic diversity compared to traditional, more time-intensive approaches.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Heerman WJ, Jackson N, Roumie CL .
Recruitment methods for survey research: findings from the Mid-South Clinical Data Research Network.
Contemp Clin Trials 2017 Nov;62:50-55. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.08.006..
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Hiratsuka VY, Beans JA, Robinson RF
Self-determination in health research: an Alaska native example of tribal ownership and research regulation.
Southcentral Foundation (SCF), an Alaska Native-owned and operated health care organization, is transforming the relationship between researchers and the tribal community by making trust and accountability required features of health research in Alaska Native (AN) and American Indian (AI) communities. This review evaluates research through the lens of tribal principles, practices, and priorities. The SCF example provides a framework for other tribes and organizations seeking to reshape the future of health research in AN/AI communities.
AHRQ-funded; HS000079.
Citation: Hiratsuka VY, Beans JA, Robinson RF .
Self-determination in health research: an Alaska native example of tribal ownership and research regulation.
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017 Oct 31;14(11). doi: 10.3390/ijerph14111324.
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Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Policy, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Herbert MS, Goodin BR, Bulls HW
Ethnicity, cortisol, and experimental pain responses among persons with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.
This study aimed to examine the relationship between cortisol and pain responses during a cold-pressor task (CPT) among African American (AA) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Consistent with previous findings in young healthy adults, cold-pressor pain responses are related to pre-CPT cortisol concentrations in NHW persons with knee OA but not in their AA counterparts.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Herbert MS, Goodin BR, Bulls HW .
Ethnicity, cortisol, and experimental pain responses among persons with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.
Clin J Pain 2017 Sep;33(9):820-26. doi: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000462.
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Keywords: Arthritis, Pain, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Treatments
Castro FG, Yasui M
Advances in EBI development for diverse populations: towards a science of intervention adaptation.
This introduction examines major issues and challenges as presented in this special issue of Prevention Science, "Challenges to the Dissemination and Implementation of Evidence Based Prevention Interventions for Diverse Populations." The authors describe the Fidelity-Adaptation Dilemma that generated controversies and debates and new perspectives on the dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) within diverse populations. The five articles in this special issue address many of these controversies and challenges.
AHRQ-funded; HS023007.
Citation: Castro FG, Yasui M .
Advances in EBI development for diverse populations: towards a science of intervention adaptation.
Prev Sci 2017 Aug;18(6):623-29. doi: 10.1007/s11121-017-0809-x.
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Keywords: Communication, Disparities, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Implementation
Tyson MD, Alvarez J, Koyama T
Racial variation in patient-reported outcomes following treatment for localized prostate cancer: results from the CEASAR study.
This study tested the hypothesis that treatment-related changes in urinary, bowel, sexual, and hormonal function vary by race/ethnicity. It concluded that the effect of treatment for prostate cancer on patient-reported function did not vary dramatically by race/ethnicity. Compared to white men, African-American men experienced a somewhat more pronounced decline in urinary continence after radical prostatectomy.
AHRQ-funded; HS019356; HS022640.
Citation: Tyson MD, Alvarez J, Koyama T .
Racial variation in patient-reported outcomes following treatment for localized prostate cancer: results from the CEASAR study.
Eur Urol 2017 Aug;72(2):307-14. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.10.036.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Surgery
Kamal AH, Bull J, Wolf SP
Unmet needs of African Americans and whites at the time of palliative care consultation.
Researchers aimed to compare characteristics and palliative care needs of African Americans (AAs) and whites during initial palliative care consultation. Nearly two-thirds in both racial groups reported 3 or more symptoms of any severity; one-third reported 3 or more moderate or severe symptoms. A larger proportion of Africans than whites reported pain of any severity.
AHRQ-funded; HS023681; HS022763.
Citation: Kamal AH, Bull J, Wolf SP .
Unmet needs of African Americans and whites at the time of palliative care consultation.
Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2017 Jun;34(5):461-65. doi: 10.1177/1049909116632508.
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Keywords: Disparities, Quality of Care, Palliative Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Carlson AE, Aronson BD, Unzen M
Apathy and type 2 diabetes among American Indians: exploring the protective effects of traditional cultural involvement.
In this study researchers examined relationships between traditional cultural factors, apathy, and health-related outcomes among a sample of American Indian adults with type 2 diabetes. Their model revealed significant direct effects from cultural participation to apathy, and apathy to both health-related outcomes. Cultural participation had a negative indirect effect through apathy on high blood sugar and positive indirect effects on health-related quality of life.
AHRQ-funded; HS024180.
Citation: Carlson AE, Aronson BD, Unzen M .
Apathy and type 2 diabetes among American Indians: exploring the protective effects of traditional cultural involvement.
J Health Care Poor Underserved 2017;28(2):770-83. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2017.0073.
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Keywords: Cultural Competence, Diabetes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Goodman SM, Mandl LA, Parks ML
Disparities in TKA outcomes: census tract data show interactions between race and poverty.
Race is an important predictor of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes in the United States; however, analyses of race can be confounded by socioeconomic factors, which can result in difficulty determining the root cause of disparate outcomes after TKA. This study found that blacks and whites living in communities with little poverty have similar patient-reported TKA outcomes, whereas in communities with high levels of poverty, there are important racial disparities.
AHRQ-funded; HS016075.
Citation: Goodman SM, Mandl LA, Parks ML .
Disparities in TKA outcomes: census tract data show interactions between race and poverty.
Clin Orthop Relat Res 2016 Sep;474(9):1986-95. doi: 10.1007/s11999-016-4919-8.
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Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Surgery
Peek ME, Lopez FY, Williams HS
Development of a conceptual framework for understanding shared decision making among African-American LGBT patients and their clinicians.
The purpose of this review was to understand how race, sexual orientation and gender identity can simultaneously influence shared decision making (SDM) among African-American LGBT persons. It also presents a conceptual model for understanding SDM in African-American LGBT persons, wherein multiple systems of social stratification (e.g., race, gender, sexual orientation) influence patient and provider perceptions, behaviors, and shared decision making.
AHRQ-funded; HS023050.
Citation: Peek ME, Lopez FY, Williams HS .
Development of a conceptual framework for understanding shared decision making among African-American LGBT patients and their clinicians.
J Gen Intern Med 2016 Jun;31(6):677-87. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3616-3.
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Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Social Determinants of Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Chin MH, Lopez FY, Nathan AG
Improving shared decision making with LGBT racial and ethnic minority patients.
In 2014, the authors' team at the University of Chicago, supported by funds from AHRQ and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Trust Fund, began examining how to reduce disparities for LGBT racial/ethnic minority patients through improved shared decisionmaking (SDM). Their three goals are to review what is known, to perform interviews and focus groups of patients and clinicians, and to develop tools and resources. The three articles in this issue’s JGIM symposium on "Improving Shared Decision Making with LGBT Racial and Ethnic Minority Patients" reflect their initial foundational work.
AHRQ-funded; HS023050.
Citation: Chin MH, Lopez FY, Nathan AG .
Improving shared decision making with LGBT racial and ethnic minority patients.
J Gen Intern Med 2016 Jun;31(6):591-3. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3607-4.
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Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Farias AJ, Du XL
Ethnic differences in initiation and timing of adjuvant endocrine therapy among older women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer enrolled in Medicare Part D.
The aim of this study was to determine whether there are racial/ethnic differences in initiation and timing of adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) after Medicare Part D drug coverage. After controlling for all variables, only Asian women were found to have a greater odds of initiation of overall AET compared to non-Hispanic white women. Hispanic Mexicans and non-Hispanic black patients had a significantly lower odds of tamoxifen initiation.
AHRQ-funded; HS018956.
Citation: Farias AJ, Du XL .
Ethnic differences in initiation and timing of adjuvant endocrine therapy among older women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer enrolled in Medicare Part D.
Med Oncol 2016 Feb;33(2):19. doi: 10.1007/s12032-016-0732-1.
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Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Treatments, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Albright KC, Boehme AK, Tanner RM
Addressing stroke risk factors in black and white Americans: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2010.
The authors examined racial differences in risk factors being addressed among stroke survivors and those at risk for stroke. They found that addressed hypertension and hyperlipidemia in stroke-naïve participants were significantly lower in blacks than in whites. They concluded that a better understanding of this information is critical to preventing stroke and other vascular diseases.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009; HS013852.
Citation: Albright KC, Boehme AK, Tanner RM .
Addressing stroke risk factors in black and white Americans: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2010.
Ethn Dis 2016 Jan 21;26(1):9-16. doi: 10.18865/ed.26.1.9.
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Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention, Stroke
Du XL, Parikh RC, Lairson DR
Racial and geographic disparities in the patterns of care and costs at the end of life for patients with lung cancer in 2007-2010 after the 2006 introduction of bevacizumab.
The authors examined racial/ethnic and geographical disparities in cancer care and costs during the last 6 months of life for lung cancer decedents after the FDA's approval of bevacizumab. They found that there were substantial racial/ethnic and geographic disparities in the types of cancer care and costs in the last 6 months of life among lung cancer decedents, regardless of the length of survival times and hospice care status.
AHRQ-funded; HS018956.
Citation: Du XL, Parikh RC, Lairson DR .
Racial and geographic disparities in the patterns of care and costs at the end of life for patients with lung cancer in 2007-2010 after the 2006 introduction of bevacizumab.
Lung Cancer 2015 Dec;90(3):442-50. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.09.017.
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Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Lung Cancer, Disparities, Healthcare Costs, Medication, Palliative Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Practice Patterns, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Hahn EA, Burns JL, Jacobs EA
Health literacy and patient-reported outcomes: a cross-sectional study of underserved English- and Spanish-speaking patients with type 2 diabetes.
The investigators examined associations between patient characteristics, health behaviors, and health outcomes and explored the role of health literacy as a potential mediator of outcomes. They found that health literacy was not associated with diabetes self-care, health status, or satisfaction with communication, and it did not mediate the effects of other factors on these outcomes. Diabetes self-efficacy was significantly associated with health behaviors and outcomes. The association between Spanish language preference and poorer health was not mediated by this group's lower health literacy.
AHRQ-funded; HS019335.
Citation: Hahn EA, Burns JL, Jacobs EA .
Health literacy and patient-reported outcomes: a cross-sectional study of underserved English- and Spanish-speaking patients with type 2 diabetes.
J Health Commun 2015;20 Suppl 2:4-15. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1061071.
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Keywords: Communication, Diabetes, Health Literacy, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities