National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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- Behavioral Health (2)
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- (-) Nutrition (28)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 28 Research Studies DisplayedHeerman WJ, Sneed NM, Sommer EC
Ultra-processed food consumption and BMI-Z among children at risk for obesity from low-income households.
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between baseline ultra-processed food consumption in early childhood and child BMI Z-score over 36 months. Among 595 children, median baseline age was 4.3 years, 65.4% had normal weight, 33.8% were overweight, and 0.8% were obese. When compared with low ultra-processed consumption (300 kcals/day), High ultra-processed intake (1300 kcals/day) was related with a 1.2 higher BMI-Z at 36 months for 3-year-olds and a 0.6 higher BMI-Z for 4-year-olds. The difference was not statistically significant for 5-year-olds or overall.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Heerman WJ, Sneed NM, Sommer EC .
Ultra-processed food consumption and BMI-Z among children at risk for obesity from low-income households.
Pediatr Obes 2023 Aug; 18(8):e13037. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.13037..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity, Low-Income, Nutrition, Vulnerable Populations
Payán DD, Derose KP, Flórez KR
The food environment in 3 neighborhoods in South Los Angeles, California: access, availability, quality, and marketing practices.
The authors developed a mapping component as part of a multilevel church-based intervention that used community-based participatory research to prevent obesity in African American and Latino churches in South Los Angeles. They developed neighborhood maps of local food environments and provided churches with standardized information on food access, availability, quality, and marketing practices. Including several tables as well as discussion, they stated that local food environment maps that are paired with data can inform community-based strategies to prevent obesity and food insecurity.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Payán DD, Derose KP, Flórez KR .
The food environment in 3 neighborhoods in South Los Angeles, California: access, availability, quality, and marketing practices.
Prev Chronic Dis 2020 Jul 16;17:E61. doi: 10.5888/pcd17.200028.
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Keywords: Obesity, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Prevention, Prevention, Community Partnerships, Community-Based Practice, Nutrition
Gibbs BB, Tudorascu D, Bryce CL
Lifestyle habits associated with weight regain after intentional loss in primary care patients participating in a randomized trial.
This study examined lifestyle habits associated with weight regain at 6 and 24 months after intentional loss in primary care patients. This randomized trial used adult primary care patients who had a recent weight loss of at least 5%. Lifestyle habits measured using the Connor Diet Habit Survey included consumption of low-fat foods, fish, desserts, sugary beverages, fruits and vegetables and eating at restaurants; moderate-vigorous physical activity by self-report; steps recorded on a pedometer; and sedentary behavior by self-report. Participants had a mean age of 53.4 years, were 26% male and 88% white. Overall, they maintained weight loss at 6 months, but began to regain weight at 24 months. The habits most attributed to weight regain included more eating at restaurants, less fish consumption, and less physical activity. More sedentary behavior was associated with weight regain at 6 months, and reduced consumption of low-fat foods and more desserts and sugary beverages were associated with weight regain at 24 months.
AHRQ-funded; HS021162.
Citation: Gibbs BB, Tudorascu D, Bryce CL .
Lifestyle habits associated with weight regain after intentional loss in primary care patients participating in a randomized trial.
J Gen Intern Med 2020 Nov;35(11):3227-33. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06056-x..
Keywords: Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Lifestyle Changes, Primary Care, Nutrition
Derose KP, Williams MV, Florez KR
Eat, pray, move: a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial of a multilevel church-based intervention to address obesity among African Americans and Latinos.
The purpose of this study was to implement a multilevel, church-based intervention with diverse disparity populations using community-based participatory research and evaluate feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness in improving obesity-related outcomes. The investigators concluded that the intervention resulted in small improvements in obesity outcomes. They assert that a longer time line is needed to fully implement and assess effects of community and congregation environmental strategies and to allow for potential larger impacts of the intervention.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Derose KP, Williams MV, Florez KR .
Eat, pray, move: a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial of a multilevel church-based intervention to address obesity among African Americans and Latinos.
Am J Health Promot 2019 May;33(4):586-96. doi: 10.1177/0890117118813333..
Keywords: Lifestyle Changes, Nutrition, Obesity, Outcomes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Fiechtner L, Fonte ML, Castro I
Determinants of binge eating symptoms in children with overweight/obesity.
In this study, the investigators examined the prevalence and multilevel determinants of three binge eating symptoms: (1) sneaking, hiding, or hoarding food; (2) eating in the absence of hunger, and (3) inhibition or embarrassment when eating in front of others among 817 children aged 5-12 years old with overweight/obesity receiving primary care in eastern Massachusetts. They examined the associations of child and parent/household characteristics with the prevalence ratios (PRs) of these three binge eating symptoms.
AHRQ-funded; HS024332; HS022986.
Citation: Fiechtner L, Fonte ML, Castro I .
Determinants of binge eating symptoms in children with overweight/obesity.
Child Obes 2018 Nov/Dec;14(8):510-17. doi: 10.1089/chi.2017.0311..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Nutrition, Family Health and History, Patient-Centered Healthcare
Sterling MR, Silva AF, Robbins L
Let's talk numbers: a qualitative study of community-dwelling US adults to understand the role of numeracy in the management of heart failure.
This qualitative study examined the role of numeracy (basic number skills) in the management of patients with heart failure (HF). Thirty men and women aged 47-89 years with a history of HF were recruited from an urban academic primary care practice. Participants all had a history of HF within the past year, were seen at the practice within the last year, and had been hospitalized for HF within the last 6 months. They were interviewed about their numeracy to help manage monitoring weight, maintaining a low-salt diet, and monitoring blood pressure. A wide range of knowledge and understanding was found and fear served as a barrier and facilitator to carrying out HF self-care tasks involving numbers. If the patient has a caregiver who also lacks those skills or does not have HF care training, patients may not be managing their HF as well as they should.
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Sterling MR, Silva AF, Robbins L .
Let's talk numbers: a qualitative study of community-dwelling US adults to understand the role of numeracy in the management of heart failure.
BMJ Open 2018 Sep 19;8(9):e023073. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023073..
Keywords: Patient Self-Management, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Care Management, Heart Disease and Health, Nutrition, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Conditions
Pellegrini CA, Ledford G, Chang RW
Understanding barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and physical activity from patients either before and after knee arthroplasty.
The researchers sought to identify patient-reported barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and physical activity among patients before or after knee arthroplasty. They found that identifying specific eating and activity barriers and facilitators provides critical insight from the patient perspective, which will aid in developing weight management programs during rehabilitation for knee arthroplasty patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Pellegrini CA, Ledford G, Chang RW .
Understanding barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and physical activity from patients either before and after knee arthroplasty.
Disabil Rehabil 2018 Aug;40(17):2004-10. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1323026.
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Keywords: Nutrition, Obesity, Orthopedics, Surgery
Gorski Findling MT, Wolfson JA, Rimm EB
Differences in the neighborhood retail food environment and obesity among US children and adolescents by SNAP participation.
The authors sought to understand the association between children's neighborhood food access and overweight/obesity in a national sample of US households, and whether this association differs by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation or household purchases. Using data from the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey, 2012-2013, they found that the odds of childhood overweight/obesity were higher with greater access to combination grocery/other stores overall and for children in SNAP. Eligible non-SNAP children had higher odds of overweight/obesity with greater access to convenience stores. The average child lived in a household with 6.3% of total spending at food outlets on sugary beverages. They concluded that greater neighborhood access to combination grocery/other stores is associated with higher obesity prevalence for children overall and those in SNAP.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Gorski Findling MT, Wolfson JA, Rimm EB .
Differences in the neighborhood retail food environment and obesity among US children and adolescents by SNAP participation.
Obesity 2018 Jun;26(6):1063-71. doi: 10.1002/oby.22184.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Low-Income, Nutrition, Obesity, Social Determinants of Health
Fiechtner L, Perkins M, Biggs V
Rationale and design of the Clinic and Community Approaches to Healthy Weight Randomized Trial.
Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of family-centered, pediatric weight management programs in reducing childhood obesity. Yet, programs to optimize the care of low-income children with obesity are needed. The investigators sought to examine the comparative effectiveness of two, potentially scalable pediatric weight management programs delivered to low-income children in a clinical or community setting.
AHRQ-funded; HS024332; HS022986.
Citation: Fiechtner L, Perkins M, Biggs V .
Rationale and design of the Clinic and Community Approaches to Healthy Weight Randomized Trial.
Contemp Clin Trials 2018 Apr;67:16-22. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.01.002..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Low-Income, Vulnerable Populations, Nutrition, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Family Health and History, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness
Buys DR, Kennedy RE, Williams CP
Social and demographic predictors of nutritional risk: cross-sectional analyses from the UAB Study of Aging II.
Social factors may disparately affect access to food and nutritional risk among older adults by race and gender. This study assesses these associations using the Mini Nutritional Assessment among 414 community-dwelling persons 75+ years of age in Alabama. Multivariable analyses indicated that social factors affect nutritional risk differently by race and gender. Nutritional risk interventions are warranted for older adults.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Buys DR, Kennedy RE, Williams CP .
Social and demographic predictors of nutritional risk: cross-sectional analyses from the UAB Study of Aging II.
Fam Community Health 2018 Apr/Jun;41 Suppl 2 Suppl, Food Insecurity and Obesity:S33-s45. doi: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000180.
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Keywords: Elderly, Nutrition, Obesity, Risk, Social Determinants of Health
Gowey MA, Chandler-Laney PC
Children's food and satiety responsiveness in association with post-prandial glucose following a standardized liquid meal.
The objective of this study was to examine the association between children's post-prandial glucose responses and maternal report of their eating behaviours. The study’s results suggested that earlier and smaller post-prandial glucose excursions may be related to children's response to food cues.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Gowey MA, Chandler-Laney PC .
Children's food and satiety responsiveness in association with post-prandial glucose following a standardized liquid meal.
Clin Obes 2018 Feb;8(1):39-42. doi: 10.1111/cob.12210..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Nutrition, Obesity
Gowey MA, Chandler-Laney PC
Children's food and satiety responsiveness in association with post-prandial glucose following a standardized liquid meal.
The objective of this study was to examine the association between children's post-prandial glucose responses and maternal report of their eating behaviours. The study’s results suggested that earlier and smaller post-prandial glucose excursions may be related to children's response to food cues.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Gowey MA, Chandler-Laney PC .
Children's food and satiety responsiveness in association with post-prandial glucose following a standardized liquid meal.
Clin Obes 2018 Feb;8(1):39-42. doi: 10.1111/cob.12210..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Nutrition, Obesity
Derose KP, Rios-Castillo I, Fulcar MA
Severe food insecurity is associated with overweight and increased body fat among people living with HIV in the Dominican Republic.
To explore the association between food insecurity and overweight and obesity among PLHIV in the Dominican Republic, the researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of 160 HIV-infected adults between March-December 2012. After controlling for age, gender, income, having children at home, education, and anti-retroviral therapy status, severe food insecurity was associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and body fat.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Derose KP, Rios-Castillo I, Fulcar MA .
Severe food insecurity is associated with overweight and increased body fat among people living with HIV in the Dominican Republic.
AIDS Care 2018 Feb;30(2):182-90. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2017.1348597.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Nutrition, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Social Determinants of Health
Lee BY, Ferguson MC, Hertenstein DL
Simulating the impact of sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels in three cities.
A number of locations have been considering sugar-sweetened beverage point-of-purchase warning label policies to help address rising adolescent overweight and obesity prevalence. This study exploring the impact of such policies concluded that agent-based simulations showed how warning labels may decrease overweight and obesity prevalence in a variety of circumstances with label efficacy and literacy rate identified as potential drivers.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Lee BY, Ferguson MC, Hertenstein DL .
Simulating the impact of sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels in three cities.
Am J Prev Med 2018 Feb;54(2):197-204. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.11.003.
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Keywords: Policy, Nutrition, Obesity, Policy
Gorski Findling MT, Werth PM, Musicus AA
Comparing five front-of-pack nutrition labels' influence on consumers' perceptions and purchase intentions.
In 2011, a National Academy of Medicine report recommended that packaged food in the U.S. display a uniform front-of-package nutrition label, using a system such as a 0-3 star ranking. This study compares five front-of-pack nutrition labels' influence on consumers' perceptions and purchase intentions. The authors indicated that results did not point to a clearly superior label design, but suggested that a 3-star label might not be best for educating consumers.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Gorski Findling MT, Werth PM, Musicus AA .
Comparing five front-of-pack nutrition labels' influence on consumers' perceptions and purchase intentions.
Prev Med 2018 Jan;106:114-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.10.022..
Keywords: Education, Nutrition, Obesity
Kass AE, Theim Hurst K, Kolko RP
Psychometric evaluation of the youth eating disorder examination questionnaire in children with overweight or obesity.
This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Youth Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (YEDE-Q) and its utility for detecting loss of control (LOC) eating . It concluded that the YEDE-Q may not have utility as a screener for identifying true cases of LOC eating among school-age children with overweight or obesity.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Kass AE, Theim Hurst K, Kolko RP .
Psychometric evaluation of the youth eating disorder examination questionnaire in children with overweight or obesity.
Int J Eat Disord 2017 Jul;50(7):776-80. doi: 10.1002/eat.22693.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Children/Adolescents, Nutrition, Obesity, Screening
Biener A, Cawley J, Meyerhoefer C
AHRQ Author: Biener A
The high and rising costs of obesity to the US health care system.
The purpose of this editorial is to provide new information on the medical care costs of obesity that help motivate various weight loss interventions. The editorial is a part of a special issue with articles examining behavioral, pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions for weight loss, based on a 2016 conference on state-of-the-art weight management hosted by the Veterans Health Administration.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Biener A, Cawley J, Meyerhoefer C .
The high and rising costs of obesity to the US health care system.
J Gen Intern Med 2017 Apr;32(Suppl 1):6-8. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3968-8.
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Keywords: Obesity, Healthcare Costs, Obesity: Weight Management, Lifestyle Changes, Nutrition
Fiechtner L, Kleinman K, Melly SJ
Effects of proximity to supermarkets on a randomized trial studying interventions for obesity.
To determine whether proximity to a supermarket modified the effects of an obesity intervention, the researchers examined distance to the closest supermarket as an effect modifier.They concluded that living closer to a supermarket is associated with greater improvements in fruit and vegetable intake and weight status in an obesity intervention.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Fiechtner L, Kleinman K, Melly SJ .
Effects of proximity to supermarkets on a randomized trial studying interventions for obesity.
Am J Public Health 2016 Mar;106(3):557-62. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302986.
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Keywords: Obesity, Nutrition, Lifestyle Changes, Social Determinants of Health, Behavioral Health
Boles RE, Yun L, Hambidge SJ, et al.
Influencing the home food and activity environment of families of preschool children receiving home-based treatment for obesity.
The goal of this study was to characterize the home food and activity environments of overweight and obese preschool-aged children from low socioeconomic status Latino families. It showed that despite a small, but significant reduction in preschool BMI for a subsample, families showed little change in the home food and activity environment.
AHRQ-funded; HS021138.
Citation: Boles RE, Yun L, Hambidge SJ, et al..
Influencing the home food and activity environment of families of preschool children receiving home-based treatment for obesity.
Clin Pediatr 2015 Dec;54(14):1387-90. doi: 10.1177/0009922815570614..
Keywords: Obesity, Children/Adolescents, Nutrition, Obesity: Weight Management, Family Health and History
Kenzik KM, Morey MC, Cohen HJ
Symptoms, weight loss, and physical function in a lifestyle intervention study of older cancer survivors.
This study examined how overweight long-term survivors’ symptom severity associated with comorbidity prior to a diet and exercise intervention was associated with post-intervention function. It found that symptom severity of older, overweight cancer survivors negatively affects physical function. However, greater weight loss and more physical activity were associated with higher functioning scores, regardless of symptom severity.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Kenzik KM, Morey MC, Cohen HJ .
Symptoms, weight loss, and physical function in a lifestyle intervention study of older cancer survivors.
J Geriatr Oncol 2015 Nov;6(6):424-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2015.08.004..
Keywords: Cancer, Elderly, Obesity, Nutrition
Horner-Johnson W, Dobbertin K, Kulkarni-Rajasekhara S
Food insecurity, hunger, and obesity among informal caregivers.
Increasing numbers of US residents rely on informal caregiving from friends and family members. Caregiving can have substantial health and financial impacts on caregivers. This study addressed whether those impacts include adverse nutritional states. It concluded that caregiving is associated with increased risk of food insecurity and hunger in Oregon.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Horner-Johnson W, Dobbertin K, Kulkarni-Rajasekhara S .
Food insecurity, hunger, and obesity among informal caregivers.
Prev Chronic Dis 2015 Oct 8;12:E170. doi: 10.5888/pcd12.150129..
Keywords: Caregiving, Obesity, Nutrition, Health Status
Yaghjyan L, Sites S, Ruan Y
Associations of urinary phthalates with body mass index, waist circumference and serum lipids among females: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004.
This study investigated the association of urinary phthalate metabolites and, for the first time, the ratios of the major metabolites of the most common phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and serum lipid levels in the US female population. It found that a higher metabolic ratio of monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), reflective of slower oxidative conversion of MEHP, is associated with greater BMI and waist circumference.
AHRQ-funded; HS022330.
Citation: Yaghjyan L, Sites S, Ruan Y .
Associations of urinary phthalates with body mass index, waist circumference and serum lipids among females: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004.
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Keywords: Nutrition, Obesity, Women
Chen R, Smyser M, Chan N
Changes in awareness and use of calorie information after mandatory menu labeling in restaurants in King County, Washington.
This study reports on countywide and subpopulation changes in menu-labeling awareness (i.e., seeing calorie information) and use (i.e., using calorie information) before and after policy implementation. It found that awareness and use of calorie information among residents who ate at regulated chains increased significantly and across all demographic subgroups.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Chen R, Smyser M, Chan N .
Changes in awareness and use of calorie information after mandatory menu labeling in restaurants in King County, Washington.
Am J Public Health 2015 Mar;105(3):546-53. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302262..
Keywords: Education: Patient and Caregiver, Nutrition, Obesity, Lifestyle Changes
Chen R, Smyser M, Chan N
Changes in awareness and use of calorie information after mandatory menu labeling in restaurants in King County, Washington.
This study reports on countywide and subpopulation changes in menu-labeling awareness (i.e., seeing calorie information) and use (i.e., using calorie information) before and after policy implementation. It found that awareness and use of calorie information among residents who ate at regulated chains increased significantly and across all demographic subgroups.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Chen R, Smyser M, Chan N .
Changes in awareness and use of calorie information after mandatory menu labeling in restaurants in King County, Washington.
Am J Public Health 2015 Mar;105(3):546-53. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302262..
Keywords: Education: Patient and Caregiver, Nutrition, Obesity, Lifestyle Changes
McVay MA, Jeffreys AS, King HA
The relationship between pretreatment dietary composition and weight loss during a randomised trial of different diet approaches.
Identifying pretreatment dietary habits that are associated with weight-loss intervention outcomes could help guide individuals’ selection of weight-loss approach among competing options. This study concluded that selection of a weight-loss approach on the basis of pretreatment macronutrient intake is unlikely to improve weight outcomes at the end of a 1-year treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS000079.
Citation: McVay MA, Jeffreys AS, King HA .
The relationship between pretreatment dietary composition and weight loss during a randomised trial of different diet approaches.
J Hum Nutr Diet 2015 Feb;28 Suppl 2:16-23. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12188..
Keywords: Nutrition, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Outcomes, Comparative Effectiveness