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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 28 Research Studies DisplayedMcQuillan J, Andersen JA, Berdahl TA
AHRQ Author: Berdahl TA
Associations of rheumatoid arthritis and depressive symptoms over time: are there differences by education, race/ethnicity, and gender?
The objective of this study was to examine associations between changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis symptoms and depressive symptoms and to test if these associations differed by education, or gender, or race/ethnicity. Data was taken from the National Rheumatoid Arthritis Study, 1988-98. The results indicated that people with Rheumatoid Arthritis experienced increases in depressive symptoms as well as pain, functional disability, and household work disability over the study period. There was no difference noted in the rate of change in depressive symptoms by education, gender, nor race/ethnicity, but the association of functional disability with depressive symptoms was stronger for men than women. The researchers concluded that it is important to monitor and treat both mental and physical health symptoms, and that future research should focus on the collection of data that reflects the educational, gender, and racial/ethnic diversity of people with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: McQuillan J, Andersen JA, Berdahl TA .
Associations of rheumatoid arthritis and depressive symptoms over time: are there differences by education, race/ethnicity, and gender?
Arthritis Care Res 2022 Dec;74(12):2050-58. doi: 10.1002/acr.24730..
Keywords: Arthritis, Depression, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors, Chronic Conditions
Crockett KB, Borgatti A, Tan F
Weight discrimination experienced prior to enrolling in a behavioral obesity intervention is associated with treatment response among Black and White adults in the Southeastern U.S.
This study examined the role that weight discrimination and race is associated with pre-treatment depressive symptoms. A cohort of Black and White adults were enrolled in a 16-week obesity intervention treatment (N = 271; mean BMI = 35.7 kg/m2); 59% Black; 92% women). They reported prior experiences of weight discrimination and completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale at baseline. Their weekly attendance at group sessions was recorded, and weight was measured at baseline and post-treatment. Participants with a history of weight discrimination scored 2.4 points higher on the CES-D and lost 2% less weight relative to those without weight discrimination. Race modified the association between weight discrimination and treatment session attendance, such that Black participants attended fewer sessions if they had prior experience of weight discrimination. However, this association was not true among White individuals.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Crockett KB, Borgatti A, Tan F .
Weight discrimination experienced prior to enrolling in a behavioral obesity intervention is associated with treatment response among Black and White adults in the Southeastern U.S.
Int J Behav Med 2022 Apr;29(2):152-59. doi: 10.1007/s12529-021-10009-x..
Keywords: Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Depression
Gorman DC, Ham SA, Staab EM
Medical assistant protocol improves disparities in depression screening rates.
This study examined the impacts of a medical assistant screening protocol on the rates of depression screening, overall and by sociodemographic groups, in a primary care setting. Findings showed that implementation of a medical assistant protocol in a primary care setting may significantly increase depression screening rates while mitigating or removing sociodemographic disparities.
AHRQ-funded; HS026151.
Citation: Gorman DC, Ham SA, Staab EM .
Medical assistant protocol improves disparities in depression screening rates.
Am J Prev Med 2021 Nov;61(5):692-700. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.010..
Keywords: Disparities, Depression, Behavioral Health, Screening, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Adams LB, Baxter SLK, Lightfoot AF
Refining Black men's depression measurement using participatory approaches: a concept mapping study.
This study’s goal was to look at why prevalence of depression is lower for Black males despite cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage and risk factors. For Black men, emotional vulnerability is often seen as a sign of weakness which may potentially mask the timely identification of mental health needs in this population. The authors use concept mapping, which is a structured mixed methods approach to determine how stakeholders of Black men’s health conceptualize their depressive symptoms. Thirty-six stakeholders comprised of Black men, Black women, and primary care providers participated in separate stakeholder groups in 2018. Participants generated 68 characteristics of Black men’s depression reflected in six conceptual clusters: 1) physical states; 2) emotional states; 3) diminished drive; 4) internal conflicts; 5) communication with others; and 6) social pressures. Using a content analysis approach, they found that items comprising the “social pressures” cluster were not reflected in any common depression scales.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Adams LB, Baxter SLK, Lightfoot AF .
Refining Black men's depression measurement using participatory approaches: a concept mapping study.
BMC Public Health 2021 Jun 22;21(1):1194. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11137-5..
Keywords: Men's Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Depression, Behavioral Health, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Griesemer I, Hausmann LR, Arbeeva L
Discrimination experiences and depressive symptoms among African Americans with osteoarthritis enrolled in a pain coping skills training randomized controlled trial.
This study evaluated the interaction between discrimination experiences and depressive symptoms among African Americans with osteoarthritis enrolled in a pain coping skills training (PCST) randomized controlled trial. The authors evaluated the interactions for 164 participants in linear regression models predicting depressive symptoms. There was a significant interaction between personal discrimination and experimental condition on depressive symptoms. Discrimination was associated with depressive symptoms among the control group but not among those who received PCST.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Griesemer I, Hausmann LR, Arbeeva L .
Discrimination experiences and depressive symptoms among African Americans with osteoarthritis enrolled in a pain coping skills training randomized controlled trial.
J Health Care Poor Underserved 2021;32(1):145-55. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2021.0014..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Pain, Arthritis, Orthopedics, Patient Experience, Depression
Jannat-Khah DP, Khodneva Y, Bryant K
Depressive symptoms do not discriminate: racial and economic influences between time-varying depressive symptoms and mortality among REGARDS participants.
This study examined whether time-varying depressive symptoms (TVDS) predict mortality and if racial and income differences moderate the association in a large cohort. The cohort from the REGARDS study was used to look at that determination. The REGARDS study used community-dwelling U.S. adults aged 45 years or older. They found that there was similar and statistically significant differences with white, black, and low-income ($35,000 or less) participants for the association between TVDS and mortality. High-income participants were found to have a lower hazard.
AHRQ-funded; HS025198.
Citation: Jannat-Khah DP, Khodneva Y, Bryant K .
Depressive symptoms do not discriminate: racial and economic influences between time-varying depressive symptoms and mortality among REGARDS participants.
Ann Epidemiol 2020 Jun;46:31-40.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.04.004..
Keywords: Depression, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Cardiovascular Conditions, Cancer, Low-Income, Social Determinants of Health, Mortality
Burnett-Zeigler I, Satyshur MD, Hong S
Acceptability of a mindfulness intervention for depressive symptoms among African-American women in a community health center: a qualitative study.
The authors examined the acceptability and feasibility of a mindfulness-based group intervention for socio-economically disadvantaged women in an urban community health center. Participants reported benefits to the intervention as well as barriers to session attendance. The authors concluded that the mindfulness-based intervention for depression was acceptable, reduced stress, and improved coping and functioning among women in a community health center.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Burnett-Zeigler I, Satyshur MD, Hong S .
Acceptability of a mindfulness intervention for depressive symptoms among African-American women in a community health center: a qualitative study.
Complement Ther Med 2019 Aug;45:19-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.05.012..
Keywords: Community-Based Practice, Depression, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Women
Lipira L, Williams EC, Huh D
HIV-related stigma and viral suppression among African-American women: exploring the mediating roles of depression and ART nonadherence.
Investigators recruited a sample of African-American women living with HIV to participate in a stigma-reduction intervention. The women lived in Chicago and Birmingham from 2013 to 2015. The relationship between HIV-related stigma and viral suppression was evaluated and the role of depression and nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) was assessed. Among 100 women who participated 95% reported some level of HIV-related stigma. Those who reported higher levels of stigma did have lower odds of being virally suppressed. The indirect effects of depression and ART nonadherence were not statistically significant.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Lipira L, Williams EC, Huh D .
HIV-related stigma and viral suppression among African-American women: exploring the mediating roles of depression and ART nonadherence.
AIDS Behav 2019 Aug;23(8):2025-36. doi: 10.1007/s10461-018-2301-4..
Keywords: Depression, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Medication, Behavioral Health, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Stigma, Women
Burnett-Zeigler I, Hong S, Waldron EM
A mindfulness-based intervention for low-income African American women with depressive symptoms delivered by an experienced instructor versus a novice instructor.
The authors piloted a streamlined mindfulness teacher training protocol for Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) staff. They also examined the distribution and variability of psychologic outcomes for participants in groups led by an experienced instructor compared to a FQHC staff instructor who received the streamlined training. They concluded that preliminary data indicate that health care staff who receive streamlined training to deliver mindfulness-based interventions have comparable outcomes as experienced instructors.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Burnett-Zeigler I, Hong S, Waldron EM .
A mindfulness-based intervention for low-income African American women with depressive symptoms delivered by an experienced instructor versus a novice instructor.
J Altern Complement Med 2019 Jul;25(7):699-708. doi: 10.1089/acm.2018.0393..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Comparative Effectiveness, Depression, Low-Income, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Vulnerable Populations, Training, Women
Lipira L, Williams EC, Nevin PE
Religiosity, social support, and ethnic identity: exploring "resilience resources" for African-American women experiencing HIV-related stigma.
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether religiosity, social support, and ethnic identity moderate the effects of HIV-related stigma on depression among African-American women living with HIV. Results showed that the protective effects of religiosity may be leveraged in interventions for African-American women living with HIV struggling with HIV-related stigma.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Lipira L, Williams EC, Nevin PE .
Religiosity, social support, and ethnic identity: exploring "resilience resources" for African-American women experiencing HIV-related stigma.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019 Jun;81(2):175-83. doi: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002006..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Stigma, Women, Depression, Behavioral Health
Sorkin DH, Rizzo S, Biegler K
AHRQ Author: Ngo-Metzger Q
Novel health information technology to aid provider recognition and treatment of major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care.
This article describes a multicomponent health information technology screening tool designed to aid provider recognition and treatment of major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the primary care setting, with an eye toward meeting the mental health needs of traumatized refugees in the US Cambodian community. In a randomized controlled trial, 18 primary care providers were randomized to receive access to the mental health screening intervention, or to a minimal intervention control group. Cambodian American patients empaneled to participating providers were assigned to the providers' randomized group. From the results, the authors conclude that this approach offers the potential for training providers to diagnose and treat traumatized patients seeking mental health care in primary care.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Sorkin DH, Rizzo S, Biegler K .
Novel health information technology to aid provider recognition and treatment of major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care.
Med Care 2019 Jun;57 Suppl 6 Suppl 2:S190-s96. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001036..
Keywords: Depression, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Health Information Technology (HIT), Behavioral Health, Primary Care, Primary Care: Models of Care, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Screening
Kemmick Pintor J, Mitchell DC, Schenker MB
Exploring the role of depression as a moderator of a workplace obesity intervention for latino immigrant farmworkers.
This study explored if depression affects treatment for obesity among Latino immigrant farmworkers. The workplace pilot study called Pasos Saludables,was successful, but the participants at risk for depression had lower weight loss than the participants with no indication of depression.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation: Kemmick Pintor J, Mitchell DC, Schenker MB .
Exploring the role of depression as a moderator of a workplace obesity intervention for latino immigrant farmworkers.
J Immigr Minor Health 2019 Apr;21(2):383-92. doi: 10.1007/s10903-018-0743-4..
Keywords: Depression, Behavioral Health, Obesity, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Vulnerable Populations
Lipira L, Nevin PE, Frey S
The positive living program: development and pilot evaluation of a multimedia behavioral intervention to address HIV-related stigma and depression among African-immigrant people living with HIV in a large, Northwestern U.S. metropolitan area.
The purpose of thisstudy was to implement the first three steps (information gathering, preliminary design, preliminary testing) in the development of a culturally-adapted multimedia behavioral intervention to reduce HIV-related stigma among African-immigrant PLWH. The investigators concluded that input from key stakeholders and observed decreases in depressive symptoms post-intervention indicated that a multimedia behavioral intervention such as The Positive Living Program could be an effective way to address poor psychosocial outcomes associated with HIV-related stigma among African-immigrant PLWH.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Lipira L, Nevin PE, Frey S .
The positive living program: development and pilot evaluation of a multimedia behavioral intervention to address HIV-related stigma and depression among African-immigrant people living with HIV in a large, Northwestern U.S. metropolitan area.
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2019 Mar-Apr;30(2):224-31. doi: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000037..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Social Stigma, Depression, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Adams LB, Gottfredson N, Lightfoot AF
Factor analysis of the CES-D 12 among a community sample of black men.
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale is one of the most widely used measures for assessing depression in population-based research. This study assessed the dimensional structure of the CES-D 12-item scale using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a community-based sample of Black men. Findings suggested that the "effort" item from the CES-D 12 should be interpreted with caution among Black men.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Adams LB, Gottfredson N, Lightfoot AF .
Factor analysis of the CES-D 12 among a community sample of black men.
Am J Mens Health 2019 Mar-Apr;13(2):1557988319834105. doi: 10.1177/1557988319834105..
Keywords: Depression, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Men's Health, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Yucel A, Essien EJ, Sanyal S
Racial/ethnic differences in the treatment of adolescent major depressive disorders (MDD) across healthcare providers participating in the Medicaid program.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether racial/ethnic differences in receipt of major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment could be explained by the specialty of provider diagnosing the adolescent. The investigators found that for adolescents with MDD, being first diagnosed by a psychiatrist was associated with higher treatment rate and reduced racial/ethnic variation in the utilization of pharmacotherapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS025251.
Citation: Yucel A, Essien EJ, Sanyal S .
Racial/ethnic differences in the treatment of adolescent major depressive disorders (MDD) across healthcare providers participating in the Medicaid program.
J Affect Disord 2018 Aug 1;235:155-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.045..
Keywords: Access to Care, Depression, Disparities, Medicaid, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Liu CH, Phan J, Yasui M
Prenatal life events, maternal employment, and postpartum depression across a diverse population in New York City.
This study examined racial and ethnic disparities in three postpartum depression (PPDF) symptoms and identified specific predictors. Women from the New York City area completed the 2009-2011 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System survey. White women were more likely to have PPD than African American women. Employment was also associated with PPD for white women.
AHRQ-funded; HS023007.
Citation: Liu CH, Phan J, Yasui M .
Prenatal life events, maternal employment, and postpartum depression across a diverse population in New York City.
Community Ment Health J 2018 May;54(4):410-19. doi: 10.1007/s10597-017-0171-2..
Keywords: Depression, Disparities, Pregnancy, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Women
Hines AL, Roter D, Ghods Dinoso BK
Informed and patient-centered decision-making in the primary care visits of African Americans with depression.
This study examined the prevalence and extent of informed decision-making (IDM) and patient-centered decision-making (PCDM) in primary care visits of African Americans with depression. It concluded that the associations between IDM and PCDM with interpersonal ratings were moderated by overall patient-centeredness of the visit, which may be indicative of broader cross-cultural communication issues. Strengthening partnerships between depressed African Americans and their clinicians may improve patient-engaged decision-making.
AHRQ-funded; HS013645.
Citation: Hines AL, Roter D, Ghods Dinoso BK .
Informed and patient-centered decision-making in the primary care visits of African Americans with depression.
Patient Educ Couns 2018 Feb;101(2):233-40. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2017.07.027.
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Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Depression, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Primary Care, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Carson NJ, Progovac AM, Wang Y
A decline in depression treatment following FDA antidepressant warnings largely explains racial/ethnic disparities in prescription fills.
The Food and Drug Administration's 2004 antidepressant warning was followed by decreases in antidepressant prescribing for youth. Little is known about how antidepressant prescribing patterns varied by race/ethnicity. This study analyzed Medicaid claims data from four U.S. states (2002-2009) for youth ages 5-17. The authors found that antidepressant prescription fills declined most post-warning for White youth, suggesting that risk information may have diffused less rapidly to prescribers or caregivers of minorities.
AHRQ-funded; HS021486.
Citation: Carson NJ, Progovac AM, Wang Y .
A decline in depression treatment following FDA antidepressant warnings largely explains racial/ethnic disparities in prescription fills.
Depress Anxiety 2017 Dec;34(12):1147-56. doi: 10.1002/da.22681..
Keywords: Medication, Children/Adolescents, Depression, Guidelines, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Hong S, Burnett-Zeigler I
The frequency of PTSD and subthreshold PTSD among African-American women with depressive symptoms in a disadvantaged urban neighborhood: pilot study.
This report examined the frequency of a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and subthreshold PTSD among 72 female participants with depressive symptoms in a mindfulness-based intervention for depression at an urban federally qualified health center. The authors reported the high frequency of PTSD diagnosis and subthreshold PTSD among underserved women with depressive symptoms.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Hong S, Burnett-Zeigler I .
The frequency of PTSD and subthreshold PTSD among African-American women with depressive symptoms in a disadvantaged urban neighborhood: pilot study.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2017 Dec;4(6):1069-73. doi: 10.1007/s40615-016-0311-3.
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Keywords: Depression, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health, Vulnerable Populations
Goldmann E, Roberts ET, Parikh NS
Chronic physical illness burden and suicidal ideation among Dominicans in New York City.
This study used data from a community survey of 2753 Dominican adults in New York City to investigate the association between chronic illness and suicidal ideation. The investigators concluded that the association of interest did not differ significantly between younger and older adults. They suggest that screening for SI in health care practice, particularly among Dominican men with multiple chronic health conditions, may be warranted.
AHRQ-funded; HS022961.
Citation: Goldmann E, Roberts ET, Parikh NS .
Chronic physical illness burden and suicidal ideation among Dominicans in New York City.
J Immigr Minor Health 2017 Jun;19(3):616-22. doi: 10.1007/s10903-016-0477-0..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Depression, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk
Heerman WJ, Taylor JL, Wallston KA
Parenting self-efficacy, parent depression, and healthy childhood behaviors in a low-income minority population: a cross-sectional analysis.
The study’s objective was to measure the associations between parenting self-efficacy, parent depressive symptoms, and preschool child behaviors that support healthy growth. It found that in this minority population, higher parenting self-efficacy was associated with longer child sleep and fewer meals in front of the TV, but parent depressive symptoms mitigated that protective effect for child sleep duration.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Heerman WJ, Taylor JL, Wallston KA .
Parenting self-efficacy, parent depression, and healthy childhood behaviors in a low-income minority population: a cross-sectional analysis.
Matern Child Health J 2017 May;21(5):1156-65. doi: 10.1007/s10995-016-2214-7.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Family Health and History, Depression, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Low-Income
Hopkins AL, Moore-Monroy M, Wilkinson-Lee AM
It's complicated: negotiating between traditional research and community-based participatory research in a translational study.
The authors focused on the challenges, solutions, and lessons learned in applying the Interactive Systems Framework (ISF) to their translational research project. They identified challenges in the areas of research design, and in the ISF systems of prevention synthesis and translation, prevention support, and prevention delivery. They negotiated solutions between the scientific and local community that resulted in acceptable compromises for both groups. They concluded that although the model presented by the ISF is difficult to achieve, they offered concrete solutions to community members and scientists to move toward that ideal.
AHRQ-funded; HS022016.
Citation: Hopkins AL, Moore-Monroy M, Wilkinson-Lee AM .
It's complicated: negotiating between traditional research and community-based participatory research in a translational study.
Prog Community Health Partnersh 2016;10(3):425-33. doi: 10.1353/cpr.2016.0049.
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Keywords: Education: Patient and Caregiver, Depression, Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Implementation
Womack VY, De Chavez PJ, Albrecht SS
A longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and development of metabolic syndrome: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study.
The researchers tested whether baseline and time-varying depressive symptoms were associated with metabolic syndrome incidence in black and white men and women from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. They found that, over 15 years, the incidence rate of metabolic syndrome varied by race and sex, with the highest rate in black women followed by white men, black men, and white women. Depressive symptoms were associated with incident metabolic syndrome in white men and white women. However, they found no significant association between depression and metabolic syndrome among black men or black women.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Womack VY, De Chavez PJ, Albrecht SS .
A longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and development of metabolic syndrome: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study.
Psychosom Med 2016 Sep;78(7):867-73. doi: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000347.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Depression, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors, Young Adults
Aronson BD, Palombi LC, Walls ML
Rates and consequences of posttraumatic distress among American Indian adults with type 2 diabetes.
This study examined the prevalence of screened posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated diabetes-related outcomes. It found that when grouped by mental health conditions (neither screened PTSD nor depressive symptoms, screened PTSD only, depressive symptoms only, and both), those with both screened PTSD and depressive symptoms reported the highest proportion of any past month hyperglycemia, past year hospitalization, and low self-rated health status.
AHRQ-funded; HS024180.
Citation: Aronson BD, Palombi LC, Walls ML .
Rates and consequences of posttraumatic distress among American Indian adults with type 2 diabetes.
J Behav Med 2016 Aug;39(4):694-703. doi: 10.1007/s10865-016-9733-y.
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Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Behavioral Health, Diabetes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Depression
Sawchuk CN, Roy-Byrne P, Noonan C
The association of panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depression with smoking in American Indians.
This survey asked whether lifetime panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depression were related to lifetime cigarette smoking in two geographically distinct American Indian tribes. It found that the odds of smoking were two times higher in Southwest participants with panic disorder and major depression, and 1.7 times higher in those with posttraumatic stress disorder, after controlling for sociodemographic variables.
AHRQ-funded; HS010854.
Citation: Sawchuk CN, Roy-Byrne P, Noonan C .
The association of panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depression with smoking in American Indians.
Nicotine Tob Res 2016 Mar;18(3):259-66. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntv071.
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Keywords: Depression, Tobacco Use, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Stress