National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
26 to 50 of 67 Research Studies DisplayedLee T, Qian J, Thamer M
Gender disparities in vascular access surgical outcomes in elderly hemodialysis patients.
In this study, the investigators assessed clinically relevant arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and arteriovenous grafts (AVG) surgical outcomes in elderly male and female patients initiating hemodialysis with a central venous catheter (CVC). The investigators concluded that while AVFs should be considered the preferred vascular access in most circumstances, clinical AVF surgical outcomes were uniformly worse in females. They suggest that clinicians should also consider AVGs as a viable alternative in elderly female patients initiating hemodialysis with a CVC to avoid extended CVC dependence.
AHRQ-funded; HS022931; HS021229.
Citation: Lee T, Qian J, Thamer M .
Gender disparities in vascular access surgical outcomes in elderly hemodialysis patients.
Am J Nephrol 2019;49(1):11-19. doi: 10.1159/000495261..
Keywords: Elderly, Sex Factors, Surgery, Kidney Disease and Health, Disparities, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Sutherland S, Brunwasser SM
Sex differences in vulnerability to prenatal stress: a review of the recent literature.
This review evaluates the degree to which recent studies provide evidence that prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) has a varying effect on child health outcomes depending on the child's biological sex. “Stress” includes negative life events, psychological stress, and established stress biomarkers. A review of 50 peer-reviewed articles revealed that most found evidence of either sex-specific associations or significant PNMS (x) stress interactions for at least one outcome. Sex-dependent effects were strongest in the group of studies that evaluated child neural/nervous system development and temperament.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Sutherland S, Brunwasser SM .
Sex differences in vulnerability to prenatal stress: a review of the recent literature.
Sex differences in vulnerability to prenatal stress: a review of the recent literature.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes, Pregnancy, Sex Factors, Stress
Donato KM, Leon-Perez G, Wallston KA
Something old, something new: when gender matters in the relationship between social support and health.
This paper investigated how social support differentially benefitted self-rated health among men and women hospitalized with heart disease. They found that gender differentiated the effect of nonmarital family contact on health but only when heart disease was newly diagnosed. When newly diagnosed, more frequent contact with family was associated with better self-rated health for women but not men.
AHRQ-funded; HS024898.
Citation: Donato KM, Leon-Perez G, Wallston KA .
Something old, something new: when gender matters in the relationship between social support and health.
J Health Soc Behav 2018 Sep;59(3):352-70. doi: 10.1177/0022146518789362..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Hospitalization, Sex Factors
Angraal S, Khera R, Wang Y
Sex and race differences in the utilization and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting among Medicare beneficiaries, 1999-2014.
The authors sought to evaluate how the use of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and its outcomes have evolved in different sex and racial subgroups. Using Medicare data, they found that women and black patients had persistently higher CABG mortality than men and white patients, respectively, despite greater declines over the time period. The authors conclude that these findings indicate progress, but further progress is needed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Angraal S, Khera R, Wang Y .
Sex and race differences in the utilization and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting among Medicare beneficiaries, 1999-2014.
J Am Heart Assoc 2018 Jul 12;7(14). doi: 10.1161/jaha.118.009014..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Evidence-Based Practice, Heart Disease and Health, Healthcare Utilization, Medicare, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors
Gilmore-Bykovskyi A, Johnson R, Walljasper L
Underreporting of gender and race/ethnicity differences in NIH-funded dementia caregiver support interventions.
The objective of this study was to determine the inclusion and reporting rates among NIH-funded dementia caregiver support interventions. Findings suggested limited NIH guideline compliance that may reflect a lack of awareness regarding potential gender disparities in caregiving roles. In order to ensure NIH guideline compliance, shared investments from researchers, editors, and reviewers to make certain that group differences are systematically identified and reported are recommended.
AHRQ-funded; HS022548.
Citation: Gilmore-Bykovskyi A, Johnson R, Walljasper L .
Underreporting of gender and race/ethnicity differences in NIH-funded dementia caregiver support interventions.
Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2018 May;33(3):145-52. doi: 10.1177/1533317517749465..
Keywords: Caregiving, Sex Factors, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Guidelines, Dementia, Disparities
Marsh JC, Park K, Lin YA
Gender differences in trends for heroin use and nonmedical prescription opioid use, 2007-2014.
This study uses National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data to study gender differences in trends for heroin use and nonmedical prescription opioid use from 2007-2014. There has been a steady decline in nonmedical prescription heroin use but a notable increase in heroin use during this period for both men and women. However, women are increasing heroin use at a faster rate than men but their nonmedical prescription opioid use is not decreasing as fast as men. The researchers conclude that more study is needed on gender differences in use and treatment access.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Marsh JC, Park K, Lin YA .
Gender differences in trends for heroin use and nonmedical prescription opioid use, 2007-2014.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2018 Apr;87:79-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2018.01.001..
Keywords: Medication, Opioids, Sex Factors, Substance Abuse
Lau KSL, Rosenman MB, Wiehe SE
Race/ethnicity, and behavioral health status: first arrest and outcomes in a large sample of juvenile offenders.
The objective of this study was to assess the simultaneous effects of gender, race/ethnicity, and pre-arrest behavioral health (BH) service-use on age at first arrest, and first arrest outcomes. It found that black youth were arrested at younger ages than white or Hispanic youth. Youth with psychiatric problems were arrested at younger ages than youth with substance-use, dual-diagnoses, or no BH problems.
AHRQ-funded; HS024296; HS023318.
Citation: Lau KSL, Rosenman MB, Wiehe SE .
Race/ethnicity, and behavioral health status: first arrest and outcomes in a large sample of juvenile offenders.
J Behav Health Serv Res 2018 Apr;45(2):237-51. doi: 10.1007/s11414-017-9578-3.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Outcomes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors
Gupta A, Barrabes JA, Strait K
Sex differences in timeliness of reperfusion in young patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction by initial electrocardiographic characteristics.
Investigators aimed to determine the electrocardiographic correlates of delay in reperfusion in young patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. They found that sex disparities in timeliness to reperfusion in young patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction persisted, despite adjusting for initial electrocardiographic characteristics. They concluded that left ventricular hypertrophy by voltage criteria and absence of prehospital ECG are strongly positively correlated and ST elevation in lateral leads is negatively correlated with reperfusion delay.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Gupta A, Barrabes JA, Strait K .
Sex differences in timeliness of reperfusion in young patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction by initial electrocardiographic characteristics.
J Am Heart Assoc 2018 Mar 7;7(6). doi: 10.1161/jaha.117.007021..
Keywords: Sex Factors, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Disparities
Kochkodan J, Telem DA, Ghaferi AA
Physiologic and psychological gender differences in bariatric surgery.
This paper aims to describe differences in bariatric surgery outcomes by gender and to understand the physiologic and psychological differences that may explain this gender gap. It concludes that, despite significantly lower weight loss and increased complication rates, males tend to have markedly higher satisfaction and psychological well-being scores than females.
AHRQ-funded; HS023621; HS024403.
Citation: Kochkodan J, Telem DA, Ghaferi AA .
Physiologic and psychological gender differences in bariatric surgery.
Surg Endosc 2018 Mar;32(3):1382-88. doi: 10.1007/s00464-017-5819-z.
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Keywords: Obesity, Outcomes, Sex Factors, Surgery, Obesity: Weight Management
Sun CJ, Seloilwe ES, Magowe M
Gender differences in sexual and reproductive health protective and risk factors of Batswana adolescents: implications for parent and adolescent interventions.
The HIV epidemic continues in sub-Saharan Africa and Botswana and adolescents there have borne the brunt. This analysis assessed gender differences in sexual and reproductive health protective and risk factors in 228 Batswana adolescents. Although three-quarters of adolescents prefer to have their parents teach them about sex, it is the fourth most common source of information.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Sun CJ, Seloilwe ES, Magowe M .
Gender differences in sexual and reproductive health protective and risk factors of Batswana adolescents: implications for parent and adolescent interventions.
AIDS Educ Prev 2018 Feb;30(1):35-46. doi: 10.1521/aeap.2018.30.1.35..
Keywords: Caregiving, Children/Adolescents, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Prevention, Risk, Sex Factors, Sexual Health
Acker WW, Plasek JM, Blumenthal KG
Prevalence of food allergies and intolerances documented in electronic health records.
The researchers sought to determine the prevalence of food allergy and intolerance documented in the EHR allergy module. Among 2.7 million patients, they identified 97,482 patients (3.6 percent) with 1 or more food allergies or intolerances. The prevalence of food allergy and intolerance was higher in females (4.2 percent vs 2.9 percent) and Asians (4.3 percent vs 3.6 percent).
AHRQ-funded; HS022728.
Citation: Acker WW, Plasek JM, Blumenthal KG .
Prevalence of food allergies and intolerances documented in electronic health records.
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017 Dec;140(6):1587-91.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.006.
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Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Patient Safety, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors
Goto T, Faridi MK, Gibo K
Sex and racial/ethnic differences in the reason for 30-day readmission after COPD hospitalization.
This retrospective cohort study used 2006-2012 data from the State Inpatient Database of eight geographically-diverse US states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Iowa, Nebraska, New York, Utah, and Washington) to examine 30-day readmissions in patients hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In their analysis of all-payer population-based data, the authors found sex and racial/ethnic differences in the reason for 30-day readmission in patients hospitalized for COPD.
AHRQ-funded; HS023305.
Citation: Goto T, Faridi MK, Gibo K .
Sex and racial/ethnic differences in the reason for 30-day readmission after COPD hospitalization.
Respir Med 2017 Oct;131:6-10. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.07.056..
Keywords: Respiratory Conditions, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Hospital Readmissions, Sex Factors
Bucholz EM, Strait KM, Dreyer RP
Sex differences in young patients with acute myocardial infarction: a VIRGO study analysis.
This study sought to compare young women and men at the time of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on six domains of demographic and clinical factors in order to determine whether they have distinct profiles. The authors concluded that young women with AMI represent a distinct, higher-risk population that is different from young men.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Bucholz EM, Strait KM, Dreyer RP .
Sex differences in young patients with acute myocardial infarction: a VIRGO study analysis.
Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2017 Oct;6(7):610-22. doi: 10.1177/2048872616661847..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk, Sex Factors
Boehme AK, Carr BG, Kasner SE
Sex differences in rt-PA utilization at hospitals treating stroke: the National Inpatient Sample.
The researchers sought to explore sex and race differences in the utilization of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) at primary stroke centers (PSCs) compared to non-PSCs across the US. They found that women are less likely to receive rt-PA than men at both PSCs and non-PSCs. Absolute treatment rates are lowest in black women.
AHRQ-funded; HS17960; HS018362; HS013852.
Citation: Boehme AK, Carr BG, Kasner SE .
Sex differences in rt-PA utilization at hospitals treating stroke: the National Inpatient Sample.
Front Neurol 2017 Sep 27;8:500. Original Research. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00500.
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Keywords: Healthcare Delivery, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors, Stroke
Albright KC, Howard VJ, Howard G
Age and sex disparities in discharge statin prescribing in the stroke belt: evidence from the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study.
This study analyzed discharge medications for participants hospitalized for an ischemic stroke during follow-up of the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study. It found that statin discharge prescribing may differ among Stroke Belt and non-Stroke Belt residents, particularly in older Americans and men.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009; HS013852.
Citation: Albright KC, Howard VJ, Howard G .
Age and sex disparities in discharge statin prescribing in the stroke belt: evidence from the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study.
J Am Heart Assoc 2017 Aug 2;6(8). doi: 10.1161/jaha.117.005523.
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Keywords: Disparities, Medication, Stroke, Elderly, Sex Factors
Bersamira CS, Lin YA, Park K
Drug use among Asian Americans: Differentiating use by acculturation status and gender.
This study examined past-year drug use among Asian Americans with respect to ethnic subgroup, acculturation, and gender differences. Survey data were collected during the National Latino and Asian American Survey, a national epidemiological household survey of behavioral health prevalence and service utilization rates. The investigators indicate that findings suggest the need to better understand the heterogeneous character of Asian American drug use when considering the provision of culturally competent and linguistically appropriate prevention and treatment services.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Bersamira CS, Lin YA, Park K .
Drug use among Asian Americans: Differentiating use by acculturation status and gender.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2017 Aug;79:76-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2017.06.002..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors, Substance Abuse
Vouri SM, Olsen MA, Theodoro D
Treated-and-released urinary catheterization in the emergency department by sex.
The prevalence of conditions associated with urinary catheterization (UC) visits in men and women were identified. The rate of UC in treated-and-released ED visits was higher in men than women, and UC rate increased with age. The heterogeneity of conditions coded in UC visits in women compared with men may suggest more potentially avoidable UC in women in the treated-and-released ED population.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Vouri SM, Olsen MA, Theodoro D .
Treated-and-released urinary catheterization in the emergency department by sex.
Am J Infect Control 2017 Aug;45(8):905-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.02.025.
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Keywords: Emergency Department, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Sex Factors
Pietrowicz M, Hasegawa-Johnson M, Karahalios KG
Acoustic correlates for perceived effort levels in male and female acted voices.
To begin to study selected elements of vocal expression in acted speech, the investigators curated corpora from male actors' Hamlet and female actresses' Lady Macbeth soliloquy performances. Perception-grounded male and female acoustic feature sets which tracked the actors' expressive effort levels through the continuum of whispered, breathy, modal, and resonant speech were presented and validated via multiple models.
AHRQ-funded; HS022948.
Citation: Pietrowicz M, Hasegawa-Johnson M, Karahalios KG .
Acoustic correlates for perceived effort levels in male and female acted voices.
J Acoust Soc Am 2017 Aug;142(2):792. doi: 10.1121/1.4997189..
Keywords: Sex Factors
Stepanikova I, Oates GR, Bateman LB
Does one size fit all? The role of body mass index and waist circumference in systemic inflammation in midlife by race and gender.
This study investigated the associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with markers of systemic inflammation in midlife by race and gender. Compared to White men, Black women have higher BMI and higher levels of all four inflammation markers; White women have lower BMI, lower WC, and lower E-selectin and fibrinogen but higher C-reactive protein, and Black men have higher fibrinogen.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Stepanikova I, Oates GR, Bateman LB .
Does one size fit all? The role of body mass index and waist circumference in systemic inflammation in midlife by race and gender.
Ethn Health 2017 Apr;22(2):169-83. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2016.1235681.
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Keywords: Health Status, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk, Sex Factors
Palamaner Subash Shantha G, Bhave PD, Girotra S
Sex-specific comparative effectiveness of oral anticoagulants in elderly patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation.
This study assessed the sex-specific, comparative effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (rivaroxaban and dabigatran), compared to each other and to warfarin among patients with atrial fibrillation. It concluded that the reduced risk of ischemic stroke in patients taking rivaroxaban, compared with dabigatran and warfarin, seems to be limited to men, whereas the higher risk of bleeding seems to be limited to women.
AHRQ-funded; HS023104.
Citation: Palamaner Subash Shantha G, Bhave PD, Girotra S .
Sex-specific comparative effectiveness of oral anticoagulants in elderly patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2017 Apr;10(4). doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.116.003418.
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Keywords: Elderly, Heart Disease and Health, Blood Thinners, Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Cardiovascular Conditions, Sex Factors, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Musey PI, Jr., Kline JA
Do gender and race make a difference in acute coronary syndrome pretest probabilities in the emergency department?
The objective was to test for significant differences in subjective and objective pretest probabilities for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in chest pain patients. Despite consistently estimating the risk for ACS to be lower for both females and minorities concordantly with calculated objective pretest assessments, there does not appear to have been any significant decrease in subsequent evaluation of these perceived lower-risk groups when radiation exposure and costs are taken into account.
AHRQ-funded; HS018519.
Citation: Musey PI, Jr., Kline JA .
Do gender and race make a difference in acute coronary syndrome pretest probabilities in the emergency department?
Acad Emerg Med 2017 Feb;24(2):142-51. doi: 10.1111/acem.13131.
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Keywords: Sex Factors, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Cardiovascular Conditions, Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Lu Y, Zhou S, Dreyer RP
Sex differences in inflammatory markers and health status among young adults with acute myocardial infarction: results from the VIRGO (Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients) Study.
This study assessed sex differences in post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) inflammatory markers and whether such differences account for sex differences in 12-month health status, using data from 2219 adults with AMI, 18 to 55 years of age, in the United States. Overall, women had higher levels of inflammatory markers after AMI compared with men, and this remained statistically significant after multivariable adjustment.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Lu Y, Zhou S, Dreyer RP .
Sex differences in inflammatory markers and health status among young adults with acute myocardial infarction: results from the VIRGO (Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients) Study.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2017 Feb;10(2):e003470. doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.116.003470.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Health Status, Heart Disease and Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Sex Factors
Lu Y, Zhou S, Dreyer RP
Sex differences in lipid profiles and treatment utilization among young adults with acute myocardial infarction: results from the VIRGO study.
This study characterized sex differences in lipid profiles and treatment utilization among young adults with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Young women with AMI had slightly favorable lipid and lipoprotein profiles compared with men, suggesting that difference in lipid and lipoprotein may not be a major contributor to sex differences in outcomes after AMI.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Lu Y, Zhou S, Dreyer RP .
Sex differences in lipid profiles and treatment utilization among young adults with acute myocardial infarction: results from the VIRGO study.
Am Heart J 2017 Jan;183:74-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.09.012.
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Keywords: Sex Factors, Heart Disease and Health, Healthcare Utilization, Women, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Womack VY, De Chavez PJ, Albrecht SS
A longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and development of metabolic syndrome: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study.
The researchers tested whether baseline and time-varying depressive symptoms were associated with metabolic syndrome incidence in black and white men and women from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. They found that, over 15 years, the incidence rate of metabolic syndrome varied by race and sex, with the highest rate in black women followed by white men, black men, and white women. Depressive symptoms were associated with incident metabolic syndrome in white men and white women. However, they found no significant association between depression and metabolic syndrome among black men or black women.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Womack VY, De Chavez PJ, Albrecht SS .
A longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and development of metabolic syndrome: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study.
Psychosom Med 2016 Sep;78(7):867-73. doi: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000347.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Depression, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors, Young Adults
de St Maurice A, Schaffner W, Griffin MR
Persistent sex disparities in invasive pneumococcal diseases in the conjugate vaccine era.
The authors examined sex differences in rates of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and trends after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). They concluded that rates of IPD were generally higher in male than in female subjects.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: de St Maurice A, Schaffner W, Griffin MR .
Persistent sex disparities in invasive pneumococcal diseases in the conjugate vaccine era.
J Infect Dis 2016 Sep 01;214(5):792-7. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw222.
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Keywords: Pneumonia, Sex Factors, Vaccination, Prevention