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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Antibiotics (1)
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- (-) Comparative Effectiveness (13)
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- (-) Hospitalization (13)
- Influenza (1)
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- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (7)
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- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Risk (2)
- Surgery (1)
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- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (1)
- Vaccination (2)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 13 of 13 Research Studies DisplayedButler AM, Layton JB, Dharnidharka VR
Comparative effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccine among patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis.
This study compared outcomes of routine dialysis patients who received either the standard dose vaccine (SDV) for influenza or a high-dose vaccine (HDV). Out of 22,215 influenza patient-seasons among adults 65 years and older, 97.4% received SDV and 2.6% received HDV. There did not seem to be any additional protection provided by the HDV for all-cause mortality or influenza-related outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Butler AM, Layton JB, Dharnidharka VR .
Comparative effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccine among patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis.
Am J Kidney Dis 2020 Jan;75(1):72-83. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.05.018..
Keywords: Vaccination, Influenza, Comparative Effectiveness, Dialysis, Kidney Disease and Health, Hospitalization, Outcomes
Oh ES, Needham DM, Nikooie R
Antipsychotics for preventing delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review.
The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review evaluating the benefits and harms of antipsychotics to treat delirium in adults. Results showed that there was little evidence demonstrating neurologic harms associated with short-term use of antipsychotics for treating delirium in adult inpatients, but potentially harmful cardiac effects tended to occur more frequently. Current evidence does not support routine use of haloperidol or second-generation antipsychotics to treat delirium in adult inpatients.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500006I.
Citation: Oh ES, Needham DM, Nikooie R .
Antipsychotics for preventing delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2019 Oct 1;171(7):474-84. doi: 10.7326/m19-1859..
Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Medication, Hospitalization, Inpatient Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness, Behavioral Health, Prevention
Nikooie R, Neufeld KJ, Oh ES
Antipsychotics for treating delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review.
The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review evaluating the benefits and harms of antipsychotics to treat delirium in adults. Results showed that there was little evidence demonstrating neurologic harms associated with short-term use of antipsychotics for treating delirium in adult inpatients, but potentially harmful cardiac effects tended to occur more frequently. Current evidence does not support routine use of haloperidol or second-generation antipsychotics to treat delirium in adult inpatients.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500006I.
Citation: Nikooie R, Neufeld KJ, Oh ES .
Antipsychotics for treating delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2019 Oct 1;171(7):485-95. doi: 10.7326/m19-1860.
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Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Medication, Hospitalization, Inpatient Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness, Behavioral Health
Desai S, Aronson PL, Shabanova V
Parenteral antibiotic therapy duration in young infants with bacteremic urinary tract infections.
This study compared rates of recurring bacteremic urinary tract infections (UTIs) among hospitalized infants who received parenteral antibiotics 7 days or less compared with infants who received long-term treatment defined as greater than 7 days. Among 115 infants with bactermic UTI, half received short-course parenteral antibiotics and no difference in 30-day UTI recurrence was found.
AHRQ-funded; HS026006.
Citation: Desai S, Aronson PL, Shabanova V .
Parenteral antibiotic therapy duration in young infants with bacteremic urinary tract infections.
Pediatrics 2019 Sep;144(3). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3844..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Antibiotics, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Medication, Inpatient Care, Hospitalization, Outcomes, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Bateni SB, Gingrich AA, Stewart SL
Hospital utilization and disposition among patients with malignant bowel obstruction: a population-based comparison of surgical to medical management.
In this study, the investigators sought to compare clinically meaningful outcomes in malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) patients treated with surgical versus medical management using population-based data. In this population-based analysis, medical management was associated with less hospital utilization at 30- and 90-days, fewer in-hospital deaths, and more frequent discharges to home. The authors suggest that these data underscore the potential benefits of medical management for MBO patients at the end-of-life.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation: Bateni SB, Gingrich AA, Stewart SL .
Hospital utilization and disposition among patients with malignant bowel obstruction: a population-based comparison of surgical to medical management.
BMC Cancer 2018 Nov 26;18(1):1166. doi: 10.1186/s12885-018-5108-9..
Keywords: Cancer, Comparative Effectiveness, Hospitalization, Palliative Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Surgery
Wu P, Escobar GJ, Gebretsadik T
Effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in reducing bronchiolitis hospitalizations among high-risk infants.
This retrospective cohort study examined the effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis for infants born between 1996 and 2008. The infants were enrolled in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated health system. Infants who ever received RSV immunoprophylaxis had a 32% decreased risk of bronchiolitis hospitalization and finants with chronic lung disease (CLD) had a 52% decreased risk. The 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines changed recommendations for RSV immunoprophylaxis which made 48% of infants no longer eligible but nearly all infants with CLD would remain eligible.
AHRQ-funded; HS018454.
Citation: Wu P, Escobar GJ, Gebretsadik T .
Effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in reducing bronchiolitis hospitalizations among high-risk infants.
Am J Epidemiol 2018 Jul;187(7):1490-500. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy008..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Hospitalization, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention, Respiratory Conditions, Risk
Yun H, Xie F, Delzell E
Comparative risk of hospitalized infection associated with biologic agents in rheumatoid arthritis patients enrolled in Medicare.
The aim of this study was to determine whether the associated risk of hospitalized infections differed between specific biologic agents used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It concluded that RA patients with prior exposure to a biologic agent, exposure to etanercept, infliximab, or rituximab was associated with a greater 1-year risk of hospitalized infection compared with the risk associated with exposure to abatacept.
AHRQ-funded; HS021694; HS018517.
Citation: Yun H, Xie F, Delzell E .
Comparative risk of hospitalized infection associated with biologic agents in rheumatoid arthritis patients enrolled in Medicare.
Arthritis Rheumatol 2016 Jan;68(1):56-66. doi: 10.1002/art.39399..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Arthritis, Hospitalization, Risk
Stockmann C, Ampofo K, Pavia AT
Comparative effectiveness of oral versus outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy for empyema.
This study compared outcomes between oral therapy and (outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) for pediatric parapneumonic empyema (PPE) . The frequency of complications was similar with oral therapy and OPAT for children with PPE. Oral antibiotics may be considered safe and effective for children with PPE who will be discharged to complete therapy in the outpatient setting.
AHRQ-funded; HS023320.
Citation: Stockmann C, Ampofo K, Pavia AT .
Comparative effectiveness of oral versus outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy for empyema.
Hosp Pediatr 2015 Dec;5(12):605-12. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2015-0100.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Medication, Hospitalization, Children/Adolescents
Tilden EL, Lee VR, Allen AJ
Cost-effectiveness analysis of latent versus active labor hospital admission for medically low-risk, term women.
The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes and costs of hospital admission during the latent versus active phase of labor. It found that delaying admission until active labor would result in 672,000 fewer epidurals, 67,232 fewer cesarean deliveries, and 9.6 fewer maternal deaths in our theoretic cohort as compared to admission during latent labor.
AHRQ-funded; HS017582.
Citation: Tilden EL, Lee VR, Allen AJ .
Cost-effectiveness analysis of latent versus active labor hospital admission for medically low-risk, term women.
Birth 2015 Sep;42(3):219-26. doi: 10.1111/birt.12179..
Keywords: Labor and Delivery, Comparative Effectiveness, Healthcare Costs, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Hospitalization
Kuo YF, Chen NW, Baillargeon J
Potentially preventable hospitalizations in Medicare patients with diabetes: a comparison of primary care provided by nurse practitioners versus physicians.
The researchers compared the rates of potentially preventable hospitalizations in older diabetic patients who received primary care from nurse practitioners (NPs) only versus those who received care from primary care physicians only. Using potentially preventable hospitalizations as a quality indicator, they found that primary care provided by NPs was at least comparable with that provided by generalist physicians.
AHRQ-funded; HS020642; HS022134.
Citation: Kuo YF, Chen NW, Baillargeon J .
Potentially preventable hospitalizations in Medicare patients with diabetes: a comparison of primary care provided by nurse practitioners versus physicians.
Med Care 2015 Sep;53(9):776-83. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000406..
Keywords: Hospitalization, Primary Care, Comparative Effectiveness, Diabetes
Iroh Tam PY, Bernstein E, Ma X
Blood culture in evaluation of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The researchers systematically reviewed the international pediatric literature to evaluate how often blood cultures (BCs) are positive in hospitalized children with CAP, identify the most commonly isolated pathogens, and determine the impact of positive BCs on clinical management. They found that BCs in pediatric CAP identified organisms in only a small percentage of patients, predominantly S. pneumoniae. False-positive BC rates can be substantial.
AHRQ-funded; HS020666.
Citation: Iroh Tam PY, Bernstein E, Ma X .
Blood culture in evaluation of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hosp Pediatr 2015 Jun;5(6):324-36. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2014-0138..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Children/Adolescents, Comparative Effectiveness
Tangri N, Miskulin DC, Zhou J
Effect of intravenous iron use on hospitalizations in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a comparative effectiveness analysis from the DEcIDE-ESRD study.
The researchers studied the association of receipt of intravenous iron with hospitalizations in an incident cohort of hemodialysis patients. They concluded that a higher cumulative dose of intravenous iron may not be associated with increased risk of hospitalizations in hemodialysis patients. While clinical trials are needed, employing higher iron doses to reduce erythropoiesis-stimulating agents does not appear to increase morbidity in routine clinical care.
AHRQ-funded; 290200500341I.
Citation: Tangri N, Miskulin DC, Zhou J .
Effect of intravenous iron use on hospitalizations in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a comparative effectiveness analysis from the DEcIDE-ESRD study.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015 Apr;30(4):667-75. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfu349.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Hospitalization, Kidney Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Treatments
Panozzo CA, Becker-Dreps S, Pate V
Direct, indirect, total, and overall effectiveness of the rotavirus vaccines for the prevention of gastroenteritis hospitalizations in privately insured US children, 2007-2010.
This study demonstrated how direct, indirect, total, and overall effectiveness estimates and absolute benefits of rotavirus vaccines vary through the years following vaccine introduction. It found that direct effectiveness of 1 or more doses of rotavirus vaccine in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalizations ranged from 87 to 92 percent each year.
AHRQ-funded; HS017950
Citation: Panozzo CA, Becker-Dreps S, Pate V .
Direct, indirect, total, and overall effectiveness of the rotavirus vaccines for the prevention of gastroenteritis hospitalizations in privately insured US children, 2007-2010.
Am J Epidemiol. 2014 Apr 1;179(7):895-909. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwu001..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Vaccination, Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization