National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
Topics
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 5 of 5 Research Studies DisplayedCrits-Christoph P, Gallop R, Duong L
Repeated assessments of depressive symptoms in randomized psychosocial intervention trials: best practice for analyzing symptom change over time.
Keywords: Depression, Behavioral Health, Research Methodologies
Optional keywords: mental psychotherapy
Summary
The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal statistical model for analyzing time effects in psychotherapy randomized trials, specifically when the primary outcome involves repeated assessments of depression symptoms. The researchers utilized data from three studies comparing psychotherapy treatments for major depressive disorder. Self-report ratings were used in Study 1 (N=237) and Study 2 (N=100), while clinician ratings were utilized in Study 3 (N=120). Depression symptoms were assessed at every session in Studies 1 and 2 and monthly in Study 3. Time patterns examined included linear, quadratic, cubic, logarithmic transformation of time, piecewise linear, and unstructured models. The researchers found that in Study 1, a logarithmic-linear model demonstrated the best fit. Study 2 found that all models had negligible support compared to the unstructured model, which was the best fitting. In Study 3, although the cubic model displayed the best fit, it was not significantly superior to the log-linear or unstructured model. The study concluded that when evaluating repeated measures of depression symptoms as the primary outcome, trials should consistently compare various time models, including an unstructured model.
Optional keywords: mental psychotherapy
Summary
The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal statistical model for analyzing time effects in psychotherapy randomized trials, specifically when the primary outcome involves repeated assessments of depression symptoms. The researchers utilized data from three studies comparing psychotherapy treatments for major depressive disorder. Self-report ratings were used in Study 1 (N=237) and Study 2 (N=100), while clinician ratings were utilized in Study 3 (N=120). Depression symptoms were assessed at every session in Studies 1 and 2 and monthly in Study 3. Time patterns examined included linear, quadratic, cubic, logarithmic transformation of time, piecewise linear, and unstructured models. The researchers found that in Study 1, a logarithmic-linear model demonstrated the best fit. Study 2 found that all models had negligible support compared to the unstructured model, which was the best fitting. In Study 3, although the cubic model displayed the best fit, it was not significantly superior to the log-linear or unstructured model. The study concluded that when evaluating repeated measures of depression symptoms as the primary outcome, trials should consistently compare various time models, including an unstructured model.
AHRQ-funded; HS018440
Citation: Crits-Christoph P, Gallop R, Duong L .
Repeated assessments of depressive symptoms in randomized psychosocial intervention trials: best practice for analyzing symptom change over time.
Psychother Res 2023 Feb;33(2):158-72. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2022.2073289.
Keywords: Depression, Behavioral Health, Research Methodologies
Munger Clary HM, Croxton RD, Allan J
Who is willing to participate in research? A screening model for an anxiety and depression trial in the epilepsy clinic.
This study assessed the willingness of epilepsy patients positively screened for anxiety and/or depression to participate in a research study. A total of 199 patients screened positively during a routine epilepsy screening visit and 154 (77.4%) opted-in for further research assessment. Nearly half of those 199 individuals were already being treated for anxiety and/or depression, with 46.7% receiving neither antidepressants or therapy. Higher depression scores and current treatment were independently associated with opting in. One-quarter reported a past psychiatric hospitalization, but only half of those individuals were currently receiving mental health specialty care.
AHRQ-funded; HS025723.
Citation: Munger Clary HM, Croxton RD, Allan J .
Who is willing to participate in research? A screening model for an anxiety and depression trial in the epilepsy clinic.
Epilepsy Behav 2020 Mar;104(Pt A):106907. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.106907..
Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Behavioral Health, Neurological Disorders, Chronic Conditions, Screening, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Gaynes BN, Lux L, Gartlehner G
Defining treatment-resistant depression.
The authors conducted a review for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and AHRQ to clarify how experts and investigators have defined treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and to review systematically how well this definition comports with TRD definitions in clinical trials through July 5, 2019. They found that no consensus definition existed for TRD. While depressive outcomes and clinical global impressions were commonly measured, functional impairment and quality-of-life tools were rarely used. They recommend stronger approaches to designing and conducting TRD research in order to foster better evidence to translate into clearer guidelines for treating patients with TRD.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500011I.
Citation: Gaynes BN, Lux L, Gartlehner G .
Defining treatment-resistant depression.
Depress Anxiety 2020 Feb;37(2):134-45. doi: 10.1002/da.22968..
Keywords: Depression, Behavioral Health, Evidence-Based Practice, Implementation, Research Methodologies
Cosgrove L, Krimsky S, Wheeler EE
Conflict of interest policies and industry relationships of guideline development group members: A cross-sectional study of clinical practice guidelines for depression.
The purpose of the present study was to assess a) the disclosure requirements of guideline development groups in a cross-section of guidelines for major depression; and, b) the extent and type of conflicts of panel members. It found that most of the guidelines were developed by panels that had members with industry financial ties to drug companies that manufacture antidepressant medication.
AHRQ-funded; HS022940.
Citation: Cosgrove L, Krimsky S, Wheeler EE .
Conflict of interest policies and industry relationships of guideline development group members: A cross-sectional study of clinical practice guidelines for depression.
Account Res 2017;24(2):99-115. doi: 10.1080/08989621.2016.1251319.
.
.
Keywords: Medication, Depression, Guidelines, Behavioral Health, Research Methodologies
Cosgrove L, Shaughnessy AF, Peters SM
Conflicts of interest and the presence of methodologists on guideline development panels: a cross-sectional study of clinical practice guidelines for major depressive disorder.
The authors aimed to review treatment guidelines for major depressive disorder and assess the relationship between endorsement of antidepressants for mild depression as a first-line intervention and financial conflicts of interest of guideline panel members. They concluded that ensuring that guideline development groups are free of commercial ties and include individuals with methodological expertise provides an important safeguard – that an evidence-based review is applied at every stage, from the framing of the questions for review, to searching, evaluating, and synthesizing the evidence.
AHRQ-funded; HS022940.
Citation: Cosgrove L, Shaughnessy AF, Peters SM .
Conflicts of interest and the presence of methodologists on guideline development panels: a cross-sectional study of clinical practice guidelines for major depressive disorder.
Psychother Psychosom 2017;86(3):168-70. doi: 10.1159/000458727.
.
.
Keywords: Depression, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Research Methodologies