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Search All Research Studies
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 15 of 15 Research Studies DisplayedArmstrong MJ, Gamez N, Alliance S
Clinical care and unmet needs of individuals with dementia with Lewy bodies and caregivers: an interview study.
Investigators researched the clinical care preferences of individuals living with dementia and caregivers, particularly dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Twenty individuals with DLB and 25 caregivers were interviewed via a semistructured questionnaire. The investigators concluded that improving care for individuals with DLB and their families will require a multipronged strategy including education for non-specialist care providers, increasing specialty care access, improved clinical care services, research to support disease prognosis and treatment decisions, and local and national strategies for enhanced caregiver support.
Citation: Armstrong MJ, Gamez N, Alliance S .
Clinical care and unmet needs of individuals with dementia with Lewy bodies and caregivers: an interview study.
Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2021 Oct-Dec;35(4):327-34. doi: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000459..
Keywords: Dementia, Caregiving, Chronic Conditions, Neurological Disorders, Patient Experience
VanderPluym JH, Halker Singh RB, Urtecho M
Acute treatments for episodic migraine in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Migraine is common and can be associated with significant morbidity, and several treatment options exist for acute therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits and harms associated with acute treatments for episodic migraine in adults. The investigators concluded that there are several acute treatments for migraine, with varying strength of supporting evidence. Use of triptans, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, dihydroergotamine, calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists, lasmiditan, and some nonpharmacologic treatments were associated with improved pain and function.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500013I.
Citation: VanderPluym JH, Halker Singh RB, Urtecho M .
Acute treatments for episodic migraine in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
JAMA 2021 Jun 15;325(23):2357-69. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.7939..
Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Pain, Chronic Conditions, Treatments
Berry JG, Difazio RL, Melvin P
Hospital resource use after hip reconstruction surgery in children with neurological complex chronic conditions.
This study assessed how co-occurring conditions influence recovery after hip reconstruction surgery in children with neurological complex chronic conditions (CCCs). This retrospective analysis of 4058 children age 4 years or older was conducted from 2015 to 2018 in 49 children’s hospitals. The presence of CCCs was assessed using the AHRQ Chronic Condition Indicator system. Outcomes looked for included postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS), 30 -day readmission rates, and median hospital costs. The most common co-occurring conditions were digestive (60.1%) and respiratory (37.9%). Median LOS increased 67% as co-existing conditions increased from one to four or more. Median hospital costs increased 41% and readmission rates increased 250%. Malnutrition was associated with the greatest increase in postoperative hospital use.
AHRQ-funded; HS024453.
Citation: Berry JG, Difazio RL, Melvin P .
Hospital resource use after hip reconstruction surgery in children with neurological complex chronic conditions.
Dev Med Child Neurol 2021 Feb;63(2):204-10. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14712..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Chronic Conditions, Surgery, Hospital Readmissions, Hospitals, Neurological Disorders
Thomson J, Hall M, Nelson K
Timing of co-occurring chronic conditions in children with neurologic impairment.
Children with neurologic impairment (NI) are at risk for developing co-occurring chronic conditions, increasing their medical complexity and morbidity. In this study, the authors assessed the prevalence and timing of onset for those conditions in children with NI. They concluded that children with NI enrolled in Medicaid had substantial multimorbidity that developed early in life.
AHRQ-funded; HS025138.
Citation: Thomson J, Hall M, Nelson K .
Timing of co-occurring chronic conditions in children with neurologic impairment.
Pediatrics 2021 Feb;147(2):e2020009217. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-009217..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Neurological Disorders, Chronic Conditions, Medicaid, Health Status
Bajaj JS, Duarte-Rojo A, Xie JJ
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy and mild cognitive impairment worsen quality of life in elderly patients with cirrhosis.
Researchers investigated the performance of elderly patients with cirrhosis on tests for minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) and predementia mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their effects on quality of life (QOL). They found that, in a multicenter study of elderly patients with cirrhosis and controls, the presence of MHE, regardless of MCI, was associated with poor cognition and QOL. They created adjusted norms that defined the high sensitivity of EncephalApp for the detection of MHE in older individuals and validated it in a separate cohort.
AHRQ-funded; HS025412.
Citation: Bajaj JS, Duarte-Rojo A, Xie JJ .
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy and mild cognitive impairment worsen quality of life in elderly patients with cirrhosis.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020 Dec;18(13):3008-16.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.03.033..
Keywords: Elderly, Chronic Conditions, Quality of Life, Dementia, Neurological Disorders
Munger Clary HM, Croxton RD, Allan J
Who is willing to participate in research? A screening model for an anxiety and depression trial in the epilepsy clinic.
This study assessed the willingness of epilepsy patients positively screened for anxiety and/or depression to participate in a research study. A total of 199 patients screened positively during a routine epilepsy screening visit and 154 (77.4%) opted-in for further research assessment. Nearly half of those 199 individuals were already being treated for anxiety and/or depression, with 46.7% receiving neither antidepressants or therapy. Higher depression scores and current treatment were independently associated with opting in. One-quarter reported a past psychiatric hospitalization, but only half of those individuals were currently receiving mental health specialty care.
AHRQ-funded; HS025723.
Citation: Munger Clary HM, Croxton RD, Allan J .
Who is willing to participate in research? A screening model for an anxiety and depression trial in the epilepsy clinic.
Epilepsy Behav 2020 Mar;104(Pt A):106907. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.106907..
Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Behavioral Health, Neurological Disorders, Chronic Conditions, Screening, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Dickerson LK, Rouhizadeh M, Korotkaya Y
Language impairment in adults with end-stage liver disease: application of natural language processing towards patient-generated health records.
This study examined the association between language and cognitive impairment in adults with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and patients post-transplant where the impairments have resolved themselves. Patients showed great improvement after transplant, and the natural language processing (NLP) impairment can be used to detect cognitive impairment in ESLD.
AHRQ-funded; HS023876.
Citation: Dickerson LK, Rouhizadeh M, Korotkaya Y .
Language impairment in adults with end-stage liver disease: application of natural language processing towards patient-generated health records.
NPJ Digit Med 2019 Nov 4;2:106. doi: 10.1038/s41746-019-0179-9..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Neurological Disorders, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Gillespie SM, Wasserman EB, Wood NE
High-intensity telemedicine reduces emergency department use by older adults with dementia in senior living communities.
Individuals with dementia have high rates of emergency department (ED) use for acute illnesses. In this study, the investigators evaluated the effect of a high-intensity telemedicine program that delivered care for acute illnesses on ED use rates for individuals with dementia residing in senior living communities (SLCs; independent and assisted living).
AHRQ-funded; HS018047.
Citation: Gillespie SM, Wasserman EB, Wood NE .
High-intensity telemedicine reduces emergency department use by older adults with dementia in senior living communities.
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019 Aug;20(8):942-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.03.024..
Keywords: Elderly, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Dementia, Neurological Disorders, Healthcare Delivery, Chronic Conditions, Emergency Department, Healthcare Utilization
Schiltz NK, Warner DF, Sun J
The influence of multimorbidity on leading causes of death in older adults with cognitive impairment.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of leading causes of death with gradients of cognitive impairment and multimorbidity. The authors found that multimorbidity was common in the study population. Heart disease was the leading cause in all groups, but with a larger percentage of deaths in the mild and moderate/severe cognitively impaired groups than among the noncognitively impaired. The different "paths" down the regression trees showed that the distribution of causes of death changed with different combinations of multimorbidity.
AHRQ-funded; HS023113.
Citation: Schiltz NK, Warner DF, Sun J .
The influence of multimorbidity on leading causes of death in older adults with cognitive impairment.
J Aging Health 2019 Jul;31(6):1025-42. doi: 10.1177/0898264317751946..
Keywords: Elderly, Dementia, Neurological Disorders, Chronic Conditions, Mortality
Befus DR, Hull S
Nonpharmacological self-management of migraine across social locations: an equity-oriented, qualitative analysis.
The authors conducted focus groups to explore patients’ desires and recommendations for migraine clinicians and researchers. They identified 4 themes: a more holistic, collaborative, long-term treatment approach; medication as a short-term solution; high personal and economic costs of medication; and desire for more information about and access to natural approaches. The authors concluded that holistic and integrative approaches were preferred over medication as long-term migraine management strategies; however, people in marginalized social locations, while disproportionately disabled by migraine, did not feel as comfortable accessing integrative approaches through currently available channels.
AHRQ-funded; HS0224430.
Citation: Befus DR, Hull S .
Nonpharmacological self-management of migraine across social locations: an equity-oriented, qualitative analysis.
Glob Adv Health Med 2019 Jun 13;8:2164956119858034. doi: 10.1177/2164956119858034..
Keywords: Care Management, Chronic Conditions, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Neurological Disorders, Patient Self-Management
Callaghan BC, Reynolds E, Banerjee M
Longitudinal pattern of pain medication utilization in peripheral neuropathy patients.
The authors of this article investigated the pattern and utilization of neuropathic pain medications in peripheral neuropathy patients. They found that opioid initiation and transition to chronic opioid therapy were frequent in the studied population despite few patients receiving more than one guideline-recommended medication. They concluded that efforts are needed to decrease opioid utilization and to increase guideline-recommended medication use in order to improve current neuropathic pain treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS017690.
Citation: Callaghan BC, Reynolds E, Banerjee M .
Longitudinal pattern of pain medication utilization in peripheral neuropathy patients.
Pain 2019 Mar;160(3):592-99. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001439..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Guidelines, Healthcare Utilization, Medication, Neurological Disorders, Opioids, Pain, Practice Patterns
Senders A, Borgatti A, Hanes D
Association between pain and mindfulness in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional survey.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between pain interference and trait mindfulness in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The results suggest a clinically significant association between mindfulness and pain interference in MS and support further exploration of mindfulness-based interventions in the management of MS-related pain.
AHRQ-funded; HS017582.
Citation: Senders A, Borgatti A, Hanes D .
Association between pain and mindfulness in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional survey.
Int J MS Care 2018 Jan-Feb;20(1):28-34. doi: 10.7224/1537-2073.2016-076.
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Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Chronic Conditions, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Neurological Disorders, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Burke JF
Headaches and neuroimaging—reply.
The authors of this letter, replying to two letters commenting on their earlier article on headaches and neuroimaging, find that they all share the view that neuroimaging is overused in headache presentations. They also discuss the potential downsides of interventions to reduce use, the impact of medical malpractice on overuse of tests, and the lack of consensus in defining low-value tests.
AHRQ-funded; HS017690
Citation: Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Burke JF .
Headaches and neuroimaging—reply.
JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Feb;175(2):313-4. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.7014..
Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Healthcare Costs, Chronic Conditions, Guidelines
Madubata CC, Olsen MA, Stwalley DL
Neurofibromatosis type 1 and chronic neurological conditions in the United States: an administrative claims analysis.
The researchers’ objective was to assess whether specific neurological conditions occur more frequently in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 versus those without neurofibromatosis type 1. They found that compared with the nonneurofibromatosis group, the neurofibromatosis group had significantly more health insurance claims for epilepsy, Parkinson disease, headache, multiple sclerosis, and sleep disturbances/disorder.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Madubata CC, Olsen MA, Stwalley DL .
Neurofibromatosis type 1 and chronic neurological conditions in the United States: an administrative claims analysis.
Genet Med 2015 Jan;17(1):36-42. doi: 10.1038/gim.2014.70..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Neurological Disorders
Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Pace RJ
Headaches and neuroimaging: high utilization and costs despite guidelines.
Little is known about recent headache neuroimaging utilization, associated expenditures, and temporal trends. Looking at 51.1 million outpatient headache visits over 4 years, this study found that neuroimaging is ordered during 12% of these visits, costs $1 billion annually, and is increasing over time.
AHRQ-funded; HS017690
Citation: Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Pace RJ .
Headaches and neuroimaging: high utilization and costs despite guidelines.
JAMA Intern Med. 2014 May;174(5):819-21. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.173..
Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Healthcare Utilization, Guidelines, Healthcare Costs, Chronic Conditions