National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (9)
- (-) Adverse Events (13)
- Behavioral Health (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (2)
- Case Study (1)
- Children/Adolescents (3)
- Comparative Effectiveness (1)
- Critical Care (1)
- Dementia (2)
- Depression (1)
- Elderly (3)
- Evidence-Based Practice (2)
- Falls (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Hospital Readmissions (1)
- Injuries and Wounds (2)
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (1)
- Long-Term Care (1)
- Medication (10)
- Medication: Safety (5)
- (-) Neurological Disorders (13)
- Newborns/Infants (1)
- Nursing Homes (2)
- Outcomes (2)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (2)
- Patient Safety (5)
- Pneumonia (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Risk (3)
- Surgery (2)
- Treatments (2)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 13 of 13 Research Studies DisplayedDifazio RL, Shore BJ, Melvin P
Pneumonia after hip surgery in children with neurological complex chronic conditions.
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to estimate rates of postoperative pneumonia in children with neurological complex chronic conditions (CCC) undergoing hip surgery, to determine the effect of pneumonia on postoperative hospital resource use, and to identify predictors. Researchers used data from the Pediatric Health Information System for children 4 years and older with a neurological CCC who had undergone hip surgery from 2016 to 2018 in U.S. children's hospitals. Findings indicate that postoperative pneumonia in children with a neurological CCC was associated with longer length-of-stay, readmissions, and higher costs. Children who had undergone pelvic osteotomies and who had multimorbidity needed additional clinical support to prevent postoperative pneumonia and to decrease resource utilization.
AHRQ-funded; HS024453.
Citation: Difazio RL, Shore BJ, Melvin P .
Pneumonia after hip surgery in children with neurological complex chronic conditions.
Dev Med Child Neurol 2023 Feb; 65(2):232-42. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15339..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Surgery, Neurological Disorders, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Hospital Readmissions, Adverse Events
Ing C, Jackson WM, Zaccariello MJ
Prospectively assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes in studies of anaesthetic neurotoxicity in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis tried to answer the question whether exposure to a single general anesthetic (GA) in early childhood causes long-term neurodevelopmental problems. Databases searched from inception to October 2019 were PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Outcomes common to at least three studies were evaluated using a random-effects meta-analyses. A total of 841 out of 1644 children who had a single exposure to GA were evaluated. Findings were that there were statistically significant increases in parent reports of behavioral problems but no difference in general intelligence.
AHRQ-funded; HS026493.
Citation: Ing C, Jackson WM, Zaccariello MJ .
Prospectively assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes in studies of anaesthetic neurotoxicity in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Br J Anaesth 2021 Feb;126(2):433-44. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.10.022..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Neurological Disorders, Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes
Feldman AG, Parsons JA, Dutmer CM
Subacute liver failure following gene replacement therapy for spinal muscular atrophy type 1.
This paper reports on two cases of transient, drug-induced liver failure after gene replacement therapy using an adeno-associated virus vector containing the survival motor neuron 1 gene.
AHRQ-funded; HS026510.
Citation: Feldman AG, Parsons JA, Dutmer CM .
Subacute liver failure following gene replacement therapy for spinal muscular atrophy type 1.
J Pediatr 2020 Oct;225:252-58.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.05.044..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Neurological Disorders, Genetics, Treatments, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Medication, Medication: Safety, Patient Safety, Case Study
Fink HA, Linskens EJ, MacDonald R
Benefits and harms of prescription drugs and supplements for treatment of clinical Alzheimer-type dementia
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the benefits and harms of prescription drugs and supplements for treatment of clinical Alzheimer-type dementia (CATD). Studies with low or medium risk of bias (ROB) were analyzed and rated. The analysis concluded there was a slight reduction in short-term cognitive decline with cholinesterase inhibitors and memantime, and cholinesterase inhibitors slightly reduced reported functional decline. There was mostly insufficient evidence on drug treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and on supplements for all outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500008I.
Citation: Fink HA, Linskens EJ, MacDonald R .
Benefits and harms of prescription drugs and supplements for treatment of clinical Alzheimer-type dementia
Ann Intern Med 2020 May 19;172(10):656-68. doi: 10.7326/m19-3887..
Keywords: Elderly, Dementia, Neurological Disorders, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Treatments
Chatterjee S, Bali V, Carnahan RM
Anticholinergic burden and risk of cognitive impairment in elderly nursing home residents with depression.
This study evaluated whether elderly nursing home residents with mild depression and intact cognition experienced cognitive impairment after using anticholinergic drugs. The study was a population-based nested case-control study using Minimum Data Set (MDS)-linked Medicare data where the base cohort were patients 65 years and older with depression who had intact cognition. Cumulative anticholinergic burden was measured within 30, 60, and 90 days preceding the event (cognitive measurement) date using the Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS). The end sample compared 3707 cases with mild-to-moderate cognition to 3707 matched controls with intact cognition. There was no association with cumulative anticholinergic exposure at 30 days with cognitive impairment, but the odds of cognitive impairment increased with exposure 60 and 90 days before the event date. This study concludes there should be concern in using anticholinergic drugs for longer than 30 days with elderly nursing home residents.
AHRQ-funded; HS021264.
Citation: Chatterjee S, Bali V, Carnahan RM .
Anticholinergic burden and risk of cognitive impairment in elderly nursing home residents with depression.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2020 Mar;16(3):329-35. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.05.020..
Keywords: Elderly, Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Depression, Behavioral Health, Medication, Neurological Disorders, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Patient Safety
Newman TB, Wu YW, Kuzniewicz MW
Childhood seizures after phototherapy.
A recent Danish study found an increased risk of childhood epilepsy only in boys after phototherapy; researchers investigated this association in a Kaiser Permanente Northern California cohort of infants born after at least 35 weeks' gestation in 1995-2011. The mean follow-up period was 8.1 years. Primary outcome was at least 1 encounter with a seizure diagnosis plus at least 1 prescription for an antiepileptic drug. Results indicated that boys were at higher risk of seizures overall, and had a higher adjusted hazard ratio for phototherapy than girls, although effect modification by sex was not statistically significant. The researchers conclude that infant phototherapy is associated with a small increased risk of childhood seizures, and the risk is more significant in boys.
AHRQ-funded; HS020618.
Citation: Newman TB, Wu YW, Kuzniewicz MW .
Childhood seizures after phototherapy.
Pediatrics 2018 Oct;142(4):pii: e20180648. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-0648..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Children/Adolescents, Neurological Disorders, Risk
Barbash IJ
Cognitive impairment, anesthesia, and critical illness: learning from the past to gain perspective on the future.
This study examined the link between cognitive impairment, ICU admission and anesthesia. The author’s hypothesis was that patients with cognitive impairment would be more likely to undergo surgical procedures. However, analysis using data from the Mayo Clinical Study on Aging on 1,977 cognitive normal patients, 387 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 72 patients with established dementia found that patients with MCI were more likely to undergo anesthesia and those with dementia were less likely to undergo procedural anesthesia. The author hypothesizes this may be linked to impaired decision-making of the patient and the risk-benefit analysis of performing surgery on patients with established dementia. However, ICU admissions were increased in patients with MCI and dementia.
AHRQ-funded; HS025455.
Citation: Barbash IJ .
Cognitive impairment, anesthesia, and critical illness: learning from the past to gain perspective on the future.
Mayo Clin Proc 2018 Nov;93(11):1537-39. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.09.007..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Critical Care, Medication, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Neurological Disorders
Trivedi LU, Alvarez CA, Mansi IA
Association of statin therapy with risk of epilepsy in 2 propensity score-matched cohorts.
The objective of this study was to examine the association between statin use and epilepsy risk in a general population and in a healthy population (individuals with no severe comorbidities). The study did not demonstrate a significant beneficial or deleterious effect of statin use on risk of being diagnosed with epilepsy. The authors assert that clinicians should not withhold statins, whenever indicated, in patients with epilepsy.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Trivedi LU, Alvarez CA, Mansi IA .
Association of statin therapy with risk of epilepsy in 2 propensity score-matched cohorts.
Ann Pharmacother 2018 Jun;52(6):546-53. doi: 10.1177/1060028018756650..
Keywords: Medication, Medication: Safety, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Cardiovascular Conditions, Neurological Disorders, Risk
Kesselheim AS, Bykov K, Gagne JJ
Switching generic antiepileptic drug manufacturer not linked to seizures: a case-crossover study.
The researchers estimated the risk of seizure-related events associated with refilling antiepileptic drugs (AED) with generic AEDs and the effect of switching between different manufacturers of the same generic drug. They found that among patients on a generic AED, refilling the same AED was associated with an elevated risk of seizure-related event; however, there was no additional risk from switching during that refill to a different manufacturer.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Kesselheim AS, Bykov K, Gagne JJ .
Switching generic antiepileptic drug manufacturer not linked to seizures: a case-crossover study.
Neurology 2016 Oct 25;87(17):1796-801. doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003259.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Medication, Medication: Safety, Neurological Disorders, Patient Safety, Risk
Gagne JJ, Kesselheim AS, Choudhry NK
Comparative effectiveness of generic versus brand-name antiepileptic medications.
The objective of this study was to compare treatment persistence and rates of seizure-related events in patients who initiate antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy with a generic versus a brand-name product. It concluded that patients who initiated generic AEDs had fewer adverse seizure-related clinical outcomes and longer continuous treatment periods before experiencing a gap than those who initiated brand-name versions.
AHRQ-funded; HS018465.
Citation: Gagne JJ, Kesselheim AS, Choudhry NK .
Comparative effectiveness of generic versus brand-name antiepileptic medications.
Epilepsy Behav 2015 Nov;52(Pt A):14-8. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.08.014.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Medication: Safety, Neurological Disorders, Patient Safety
Albrecht JS, Marcantonio ER, Roffey DM
Stability of postoperative delirium psychomotor subtypes in individuals with hip fracture.
This paper's objectives were to determine the stability of psychomotor subtypes of delirium over time and to identify characteristics associated with delirium psychomotor subtypes in individuals undergoing surgical repair of hip fracture. The Transfusion Trigger Trial for Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients Undergoing Surgical Hip Fracture Repair Cognitive Ancillary Study was conducted. Results showed that psychomotor subtypes of delirium often fluctuated from assessment to assessment, rather than representing fixed categories of delirium. Hypoactive delirium was the most common presentation of delirium but the least likely to be documented by healthcare providers.
AHRQ-funded; HS021068.
Citation: Albrecht JS, Marcantonio ER, Roffey DM .
Stability of postoperative delirium psychomotor subtypes in individuals with hip fracture.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 May;63(5):970-6. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13334.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Cardiovascular Conditions, Injuries and Wounds, Neurological Disorders, Surgery
Ott BR, Daiello LA, Dahabreh IJ
Do statins impair cognition? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
The researchers aimed to synthesize randomized clinical trial (RCTs) evidence on the association between statin therapy and cognitive outcomes. Their meta-analysis of cognitive test data from 14 studies failed to show significant adverse effects of statins on all tests of cognition in either cognitively normal subjects or Alzheimer’s disease subjects.
AHRQ-funded; HS017735.
Citation: Ott BR, Daiello LA, Dahabreh IJ .
Do statins impair cognition? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Mar;30(3):348-58. doi: 10.1007/s11606-014-3115-3..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Medication, Neurological Disorders, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Aspinall SL, Zhao X, Semia TP
Epidemiology of drug-disease interactions in older veteran nursing home residents.
The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with potentially inappropriate drug– disease combinations according to the AGS 2012 Beers criteria that are clinically important in elderly adults residing in Veterans Affairs Community Living Centers. It found that drug-disease interactions were common in older residents with dementia or cognitive impairment or a history of falls or hip fracture.
AHRQ-funded; HS018721.
Citation: Aspinall SL, Zhao X, Semia TP .
Epidemiology of drug-disease interactions in older veteran nursing home residents.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 Jan;63(1):77-84. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13197..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Dementia, Elderly, Falls, Injuries and Wounds, Medication, Medication: Safety, Neurological Disorders, Nursing Homes, Patient Safety