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Topics
- Antibiotics (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (1)
- Children/Adolescents (4)
- Comparative Effectiveness (2)
- Evidence-Based Practice (4)
- Guidelines (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (1)
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (5)
- Healthcare Costs (2)
- Healthcare Utilization (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (1)
- (-) Hospitalization (15)
- Hospital Readmissions (1)
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- Infectious Diseases (1)
- Inpatient Care (2)
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- Maternal Care (1)
- Medication (2)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1)
- Mortality (1)
- (-) Newborns/Infants (15)
- Nutrition (1)
- Opioids (1)
- Outcomes (2)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (3)
- Practice Patterns (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (3)
- Risk (2)
- Substance Abuse (1)
- Surgery (1)
- Training (1)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 15 of 15 Research Studies DisplayedWu AJ, Du N, Chen TY
Sociodemographic differences of hospitalization and associations of resource utilization for failure to thrive.
The objective of this study was to examine sociodemographic differences between elective and nonelective admissions for failure to thrive. Researchers investigated associations between admission type and hospital resource utilization, including length of stay and feeding tube placement. The study included data on children less than 2 years old with failure to thrive in the Kids' Inpatient Database. The findings showed differences by race and ethnicity, income, and insurance type, among other factors. Nonelective admissions had higher proportions of infants who were Black, Hispanic, and of lower-income, and were associated with longer lengths of stay. The researchers concluded that future research is needed to elucidate drivers of these differences, particularly those related to racial and ethnic disparities and structural racism.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Wu AJ, Du N, Chen TY .
Sociodemographic differences of hospitalization and associations of resource utilization for failure to thrive.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023 Mar;76(3):385-89. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003694.
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Healthcare Utilization, Children/Adolescents, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Low-Income
Schondelmeyer AC, Bettencourt AP, Xiao R
Evaluation of an educational outreach and audit and feedback program to reduce continuous pulse oximetry use in hospitalized infants with stable bronchiolitis: a nonrandomized clinical trial.
National guidelines recommend against continuous pulse oximetry use for hospitalized children with bronchiolitis who are not receiving supplemental oxygen, yet guideline-discordant use remains high. The objective of this study was to evaluate deimplementation outcomes of educational outreach and audit and feedback strategies aiming to reduce guideline-discordant continuous pulse oximetry use in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis who are not receiving supplemental oxygen.
AHRQ-funded; HS026763.
Citation: Schondelmeyer AC, Bettencourt AP, Xiao R .
Evaluation of an educational outreach and audit and feedback program to reduce continuous pulse oximetry use in hospitalized infants with stable bronchiolitis: a nonrandomized clinical trial.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Sep;4(9):e2122826. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22826..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Hospitalization, Guidelines, Practice Patterns, Training, Respiratory Conditions
Chua KP, Fendrick AM, Conti RM
Prevalence and magnitude of potential surprise bills for childbirth.
This research letter describes a cross-sectional study that examined surprise bills that are received for childbirths and newborn hospitalizations, and whether new legislation to protect families from surprise bills would have a benefit. The authors analyzed 2019 data from Optum’s deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart and identified families with an in-network delivery in 2019 that could be linked to 1 or more in-network newborn hospitalization that was covered by the same family plan. The analysis included 95,384 families, and of those 17,949 (18.8%) had 1 or more potential surprise bill for the delivery, newborn hospitalization(s), or both. The median total liability for potential surprise bills was $744 for 6417 families, with total liability exceeding $2000. Among 32,203, and 63,181 deliveries with and without 1 or more cesarean delivery, 6594 (20.5%) and 5597 (8.9%) had 1 or more potential surprise bill, with a median liability of $1825 respectively. For 5970 and 90,991 newborn hospitalizations with or without 1 or more neonatal intensive care claim, 15.5% and 8.9% had 1 or more potential surprise bill, with a median liability of $1282 and $262 respectively. While this study was limited by lack of information whether these families actually received surprise bills, the findings suggest that federal protections against surprise bills could benefit many families.
AHRQ-funded; HS025465.
Citation: Chua KP, Fendrick AM, Conti RM .
Prevalence and magnitude of potential surprise bills for childbirth.
JAMA Health Forum 2021 Jul; 2(7):e211460. doi: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.1460..
Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Maternal Care, Newborns/Infants, Hospitalization
Haidari ES, Lee HC, Illuzzi JL
Hospital variation in admissions to neonatal intensive care units by diagnosis severity and category.
The objective of this study was to examine interhospital variation in admissions to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and reasons for the variation. 2010-2012 linked birth certificate and hospital discharge data from 35 hospitals in California on live births at 35-42 weeks gestation and ≥1500 g birth weight were used. The authors concluded that interhospital variation in NICU admissions is mostly driven by admissions for mild diagnoses.
AHRQ-funded; HS023801.
Citation: Haidari ES, Lee HC, Illuzzi JL .
Hospital variation in admissions to neonatal intensive care units by diagnosis severity and category.
J Perinatol 2021 Mar;41(3):468-77. doi: 10.1038/s41372-020-00775-z..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Hospitalization, Hospitals
Hirai AH, Ko JY, Owens PL
AHRQ Author: Owens PL, Stocks C
Neonatal abstinence syndrome and maternal opioid-Related diagnoses in the US, 2010-2017.
This study analyzed trends in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and maternal opioid-Related diagnosis (MOD) in the United States from 2010 to 2017. A cross-sectional analysis was done of the HCUP National Inpatient Sample and State Inpatient Database from 2010 through 2017. Diagnoses of NAS and MOD were found using the ICD-10, CM codes. Significant increases occurred in rates of NAS, from 4.0 to 7.3 per birth hospitalizations and MOD, from 3.5 to 8.2 per 1000 delivery hospitalizations. A census of 47 state databases in 2017 found a large range of NAS rates – from 1.3 per 1000 birth hospitalizations in Nebraska to 53.5 per 1000 hospitalizations in West Virginia with the same ranges found for MOD rates. In all states except Nebraska and Vermont which only had significant MOD increases, NAS and MOD rates rose significantly from 2010 to 2017.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201800001C.
Citation: Hirai AH, Ko JY, Owens PL .
Neonatal abstinence syndrome and maternal opioid-Related diagnoses in the US, 2010-2017.
Neonatal abstinence syndrome and maternal opioid-Related diagnoses in the US, 2010-2017..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Newborns/Infants, Opioids, Medication, Substance Abuse, Hospitalization, Pregnancy
Haidari ES, Lee HC, Illuzzi JL
Utility of birth certificate data for evaluating hospital variation in admissions to NICUs.
Efforts to study potential overuse of NICU admissions and hospital variation in practice are often hindered by a lack of an appropriate data source. In this study, the investigators examined the concordance of hospital-level NICU admission rates between birth certificate data and California Children's Services (CCS) data to inform the utility of birth certificate data in studying hospital variation in NICU admissions.
AHRQ-funded; HS023801.
Citation: Haidari ES, Lee HC, Illuzzi JL .
Utility of birth certificate data for evaluating hospital variation in admissions to NICUs.
Hosp Pediatr 2020 Feb;10(2):190-94. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2019-0116..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Hospitalization, Hospitals
Desai S, Aronson PL, Shabanova V
Parenteral antibiotic therapy duration in young infants with bacteremic urinary tract infections.
This study compared rates of recurring bacteremic urinary tract infections (UTIs) among hospitalized infants who received parenteral antibiotics 7 days or less compared with infants who received long-term treatment defined as greater than 7 days. Among 115 infants with bactermic UTI, half received short-course parenteral antibiotics and no difference in 30-day UTI recurrence was found.
AHRQ-funded; HS026006.
Citation: Desai S, Aronson PL, Shabanova V .
Parenteral antibiotic therapy duration in young infants with bacteremic urinary tract infections.
Pediatrics 2019 Sep;144(3). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3844..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Antibiotics, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Medication, Inpatient Care, Hospitalization, Outcomes, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Hoch JM, Fatusin O, Yenokyan G
Feeding methods for infants with single ventricle physiology are associated with length of stay during stage 2 surgery hospitalization.
The purpose of this paper was to identify types of feeding methods following stage 2 palliation and their influence on length of stay. Results showed that feeding methods established at admission for stage 2 palliation are not likely to change by discharge, and that length of stay is more likely to be impacted by tube feeding and intubation history than by age or weight-for-age z score at admission. Recommendations included a better understanding for selection of feeding methods and their impact on patient outcomes in order to develop evidence-based guidelines to decrease variability in clinical practice patterns and to provide appropriate counseling to caregivers.
AHRQ-funded; HS021114.
Citation: Hoch JM, Fatusin O, Yenokyan G .
Feeding methods for infants with single ventricle physiology are associated with length of stay during stage 2 surgery hospitalization.
Congenit Heart Dis 2019 May;14(3):438-45. doi: 10.1111/chd.12742.
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Keywords: Nutrition, Newborns/Infants, Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Surgery, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Khamash DF, Mongodin EF, White JR
The association between the developing nasal microbiota of hospitalized neonates and Staphylococcus aureus colonization.
This research studied the association between hospitalized neonates who develop Staphylococcus aureus infections and nasal microbiota populations that preceded infection. Nares samples were obtained for neonates who were screened weekly for S. aureus. DNA was extracted and DNA of the bacterias were sequenced. It was found that controls and treated cases had a higher abundance of genes that contributed to the synthesis of natural antimicrobial compounds from several commensal bacterial types.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Khamash DF, Mongodin EF, White JR .
The association between the developing nasal microbiota of hospitalized neonates and Staphylococcus aureus colonization.
Open Forum Infect Dis 2019 Apr;6(4):ofz062. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofz062..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitalization, Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, Newborns/Infants
Nguyen DK, Friedlander S, Fleischman RJ
Length of stay and complications associated with febrile infants <90 days of age hospitalized in the United States, 2000-2012.
This study tracked length of stay (LOS) and complications associated with febrile infants younger than 90 days hospitalized in the United States from 2000-2012. Data from the HCUP Kids’ Inpatient Database and other state-specific data was used to identify infants hospitalized in 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012. Multivariate analysis was used to determine LOS, risk factors for prolonged LOS, and complications of care among infants with isolated fever or viral respiratory disease. 44,875 infants were identified with approximately two-thirds staying for 2 days or less, and 11% for 4 days or more. Factors associated with longer LOS included younger age, critical clinical status, concomitant chronic disease, and presence of complications.
AHRQ-funded; HS024146.
Citation: Nguyen DK, Friedlander S, Fleischman RJ .
Length of stay and complications associated with febrile infants <90 days of age hospitalized in the United States, 2000-2012.
Hosp Pediatr 2018 Dec;8(12):746-52. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2018-0132..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Newborns/Infants, Children/Adolescents
Wu P, Escobar GJ, Gebretsadik T
Effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in reducing bronchiolitis hospitalizations among high-risk infants.
This retrospective cohort study examined the effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis for infants born between 1996 and 2008. The infants were enrolled in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated health system. Infants who ever received RSV immunoprophylaxis had a 32% decreased risk of bronchiolitis hospitalization and finants with chronic lung disease (CLD) had a 52% decreased risk. The 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines changed recommendations for RSV immunoprophylaxis which made 48% of infants no longer eligible but nearly all infants with CLD would remain eligible.
AHRQ-funded; HS018454.
Citation: Wu P, Escobar GJ, Gebretsadik T .
Effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in reducing bronchiolitis hospitalizations among high-risk infants.
Am J Epidemiol 2018 Jul;187(7):1490-500. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy008..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Hospitalization, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention, Respiratory Conditions, Risk
Wickremasinghe AC, Kuzniewicz MW, McCulloch CE
Efficacy of subthreshold newborn phototherapy during the birth hospitalization in preventing readmission for phototherapy.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficacy of subthreshold phototherapy for newborns with total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels from 0.1 to 3.0 mg/dL below the appropriate AAP phototherapy threshold during the birth hospitalization in preventing readmissions for phototherapy, and to identify predictors of readmission for phototherapy. The investigators concluded that subthreshold phototherapy during the birth hospitalization is effective in preventing readmissions for phototherapy; however, for each readmission prevented, many newborns require phototherapy who would otherwise not need it.
AHRQ-funded; HS020618.
Citation: Wickremasinghe AC, Kuzniewicz MW, McCulloch CE .
Efficacy of subthreshold newborn phototherapy during the birth hospitalization in preventing readmission for phototherapy.
JAMA Pediatr 2018 Apr;172(4):378-85. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5630..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Evidence-Based Practice, Hospital Readmissions, Hospitalization, Inpatient Care, Newborns/Infants
Ericson JE, Popoola VO, Smith PB
Burden of invasive staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitalized infants.
This study compared demographics and mortality of inf ants with invasive methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA), to determine the annual proportion of S aureus infections that were MRSA. It found that infant mortality after invasive MRSA and MSSA infections was similar, but MSSA caused more infections and more deaths in infants than MRSA.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Ericson JE, Popoola VO, Smith PB .
Burden of invasive staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitalized infants.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 Dec;169(12):1105-11. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2380..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Mortality, Hospitalization, Risk
Weinberger DM, Klugman KP, Steiner CA
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Association between respiratory syncytial virus activity and pneumococcal disease in infants: a time series analysis of US hospitalization data.
The researchers evaluated whether variations in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic timing and magnitude are associated with variations in pneumococcal disease epidemics and whether changes in pneumococcal disease following the introduction of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) were associated with changes in the rate of RSV hospitalizations. Their findings indicate that RSV is associated with increases in the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Weinberger DM, Klugman KP, Steiner CA .
Association between respiratory syncytial virus activity and pneumococcal disease in infants: a time series analysis of US hospitalization data.
PLoS Med 2015 Jan 6;12(1):e1001776. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001776..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Newborns/Infants, Respiratory Conditions, Hospitalization
Trudnak Fowler T, Fairbrother G, Owens P
AHRQ Author: Owens P
Trends in complicated newborn hospital stays & costs, 2002-2009: implications for the future.
The researchers used HCUP data to examine trends from 2002 through 2009 in complicated newborn hospital stays, and to explore the relationship between expected sources of payment and reasons for hospitalizations. They concluded that state Medicaid programs are paying for an increasing proportion of births and costly complicated births, and they suggested that policies to prevent common birth complications have the potential to reduce costs for public programs and improve birth outcomes.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Trudnak Fowler T, Fairbrother G, Owens P .
Trends in complicated newborn hospital stays & costs, 2002-2009: implications for the future.
Medicare Medicaid Res Rev 2014;4(4). doi: 10.5600/mmrr.004.04.a03.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Newborns/Infants