National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Alcohol Use (1)
- Blood Pressure (1)
- Caregiving (1)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Community-Based Practice (1)
- Community Partnerships (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (2)
- Elderly (2)
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) (1)
- (-) Emergency Department (14)
- Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (2)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (2)
- Hepatitis (2)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (2)
- Implementation (1)
- Neurological Disorders (1)
- Nutrition (1)
- Prevention (3)
- Public Health (1)
- Quality Measures (1)
- Quality of Care (1)
- (-) Screening (14)
- Social Determinants of Health (4)
- Substance Abuse (1)
- Telehealth (1)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (1)
- Urban Health (2)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 14 of 14 Research Studies DisplayedVest JR, Mazurenko O
Non-response bias in social risk factor screening among adult emergency department patients.
This study assessed differences between respondents and those refusing participation in social factor screening questionnaires to determine if non-response contributed to selection bias. Study subjects were patients from a mid-western state safety-net hospital's emergency department aged 18 or older, English or Spanish speakers, and able to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Results indicated that subjects with prior documentation of financial insecurity were less likely to respond to the screening questionnaire, but no other factors were significantly associated with response. The authors concluded that this study contributed to the growing social determinants of health literature by confirming that selection bias might exist within screening practices and research studies.
AHRQ-funded; HS028008.
Citation: Vest JR, Mazurenko O .
Non-response bias in social risk factor screening among adult emergency department patients.
J Med Syst 2023 Jul 22; 47(1):78. doi: 10.1007/s10916-023-01975-8..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Screening, Social Determinants of Health
Murray E, Roosevelt GE, Vogel JA
Screening for health-related social needs in the emergency department: adaptability and fidelity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Researchers sought to evaluate a screening and referral program for health-related social needs (HRSN) in an emergency department. Using the Accountable Health Communities Screening Tool, they found that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, HRSN doubled, likely reflecting the economic impact of the pandemic.
AHRQ-funded; HS023901.
Citation: Murray E, Roosevelt GE, Vogel JA .
Screening for health-related social needs in the emergency department: adaptability and fidelity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Am J Emerg Med 2022 Apr;54:323.e1-23.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.09.071..
Keywords: COVID-19, Social Determinants of Health, Emergency Department, Screening, Public Health
Yadgir SR, Engstrom C, Jacobsohn GC
Machine learning-assisted screening for cognitive impairment in the emergency department.
Researchers developed and evaluated an automated screening tool to identify a subset of patients at high risk for cognitive impairment (CI). Using the Blessed Orientation Memory Concentration (BOMC) test, administered in the emergency department, they found that an algorithm based on electronic health record data can define a subset of patients at higher risk for CI. They recommended that incorporating such an algorithm into a screening workflow could allow screening efforts and resources to be focused where they have the most impact.
AHRQ-funded; HS024558.
Citation: Yadgir SR, Engstrom C, Jacobsohn GC .
Machine learning-assisted screening for cognitive impairment in the emergency department.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2022 Mar;70(3):831-37. doi: 10.1111/jgs.17491..
Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Screening, Emergency Department, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Elderly
Wallace AS, Luther BL, Sisler SM
Integrating social determinants of health screening and referral during routine emergency department care: evaluation of reach and implementation challenges.
Despite the importance of social determinants in health outcomes, little is known about the best practices for screening and referral during clinical encounters. This study aimed to implement universal social needs screening and community service referrals in an academic emergency department (ED), evaluating for feasibility, reach, and stakeholder perspectives. The investigators concluded that despite the limited time and technical barriers, few patients with social needs ultimately received service referrals.
AHRQ-funded; HS026505.
Citation: Wallace AS, Luther BL, Sisler SM .
Integrating social determinants of health screening and referral during routine emergency department care: evaluation of reach and implementation challenges.
Implement Sci Commun 2021 Oct 7;2(1):114. doi: 10.1186/s43058-021-00212-y..
Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Emergency Department, Screening, Implementation
Serina P, Lo AX, Kocherginsky M
The clinical frailty scale and health services use for older adults in the emergency department.
The 2013 consensus geriatric emergency department (GED) guidelines, endorsed by the American Geriatrics Society and other professional societies, recommend “routine screening for all older adult patients at higher risk for adverse outcomes.” However, current screening tools are not predictive of health services use. In this study, the investigators evaluated whether CFS may be a useful ED screening tool by examining its association with health services use for older adults.
AHRQ-funded; HS026489.
Citation: Serina P, Lo AX, Kocherginsky M .
The clinical frailty scale and health services use for older adults in the emergency department.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2021 Mar;69(3):837-39. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16937..
Keywords: Elderly, Emergency Department, Screening, Prevention
Samuels-Kalow ME, Boggs KM, Cash RE
Screening for health-related social needs of emergency department patients.
There has been increasing attention to screening for health-related social needs. However, little is known about the screening practices of emergency departments (EDs). Within New England, the investigators sought to identify the prevalence of ED screening for health-related social needs, understand the factors associated with screening, and understand how screening patterns for health-related social needs differed from those for violence, substance use, and mental health needs.
AHRQ-funded; HS024561.
Citation: Samuels-Kalow ME, Boggs KM, Cash RE .
Screening for health-related social needs of emergency department patients.
Ann Emerg Med 2021 Jan;77(1):62-68. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.08.010.
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Keywords: Emergency Department, Screening
Wallace AS, Luther B, Guo JW
Implementing a social determinants screening and referral infrastructure during routine emergency department visits, Utah, 2017-2018.
Emergency departments see a disproportionate share of low-income and uninsured patients. In this study, the investigators developed and evaluated a process for identifying social needs among emergency department patients, for facilitating access to community-based resources, and for integrating clinical and community-based data. They leveraged an academic-community partnership to develop a social needs screening tool and referral process.
AHRQ-funded; HS026505.
Citation: Wallace AS, Luther B, Guo JW .
Implementing a social determinants screening and referral infrastructure during routine emergency department visits, Utah, 2017-2018.
Prev Chronic Dis 2020 Jun 18;17:E45. doi: 10.5888/pcd17.190339..
Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Emergency Department, Screening, Community-Based Practice, Community Partnerships
Burner E, Zhang M, Terp S
Feasibility and acceptability of a text message-based intervention to reduce overuse of alcohol in emergency department patients: controlled proof-of-concept trial.
The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of and patient satisfaction with a text-based mHealth extension of an emergency department (ED) screening program to reduce risky alcohol use in low-income, urban patients. A case-control study was designed using a SMS text message-capable phones to receive mROAD (mobilizing to Reduce Overuse of Alcohol in the ED), an SMS text message-based extension of the ED screening program. mROAD is a 7-day program of twice-daily SMS text messages based on the NIH Health Rethinking Drinking campaign. Of 1028 patients screened, 9.2% exhibited risky alcohol use based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in the ED. Almost a quarter of the patients did not have an SMS text-messaging capable phone, leaving 76% eligible patients. Changes in behavior were similar between the two groups. The number of drinking days reported in the prior 30 days decreased by 5 and the number of heavy drinking days decreased by 4.1. Patients reported an 11-point increase in motivation to change alcohol use via the Change Questionnaire.
AHRQ-funded; HS022402.
Citation: Burner E, Zhang M, Terp S .
Feasibility and acceptability of a text message-based intervention to reduce overuse of alcohol in emergency department patients: controlled proof-of-concept trial.
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020 Jun 4;8(6):e17557. doi: 10.2196/17557..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Substance Abuse, Emergency Department, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Screening, Prevention
Cullen D, Woodford A, Fein J
Food for thought: a randomized trial of food insecurity screening in the emergency department.
Despite the growing interest in screening for food insecurity in the clinical setting, little evidence exists regarding screening formats that maximize disclosure and caregiver comfort. In this randomized trial, investigators asked English-speaking adult caregivers of pediatric patients in the emergency department at an urban, freestanding children's hospital to complete a validated, 2-question screen for food insecurity. Although both verbal interview and tablet-based screening modalities were effective in identifying food insecurity, tablet-based screening had a higher disclosure rate and was the participants' preferred screening method.
AHRQ-funded; HS026116.
Citation: Cullen D, Woodford A, Fein J .
Food for thought: a randomized trial of food insecurity screening in the emergency department.
Acad Pediatr 2019 Aug;19(6):646-51. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2018.11.014..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Nutrition, Screening, Urban Health, Caregiving
Haukoos JS, Lyons MS, Rothman RE
The evolving landscape of HIV screening in the emergency department.
This article is a summary of two studies that appear in the same edition of the journal. The two studies describe the value of using targeted vs. non-targeted screening for HIV in emergency departments (EDs). New diagnosis rates were relatively small, which suggested that the use of targeted screening may be need to be refined more in terms of selection criteria.
AHRQ-funded; HS021749.
Citation: Haukoos JS, Lyons MS, Rothman RE .
The evolving landscape of HIV screening in the emergency department.
Ann Emerg Med 2018 Jul;72(1):54-56. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.01.041..
Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Emergency Department, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Prevention, Screening
Goldberg EM, Wilson T, Saucier C
Achieving the BpTRUth: emergency department hypertension screening and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services quality measure.
The aims of this study were to (1) assess the reliability of ED triage blood pressure (BP) as a metric to establish when the CMS threshold (>/=120/80 mm Hg), and other clinically relevant BP thresholds (>/=140/90 and >/=160/100 mm Hg) have been met; and (2) determine whether correct identification varies by gender, race, or triage acuity. At the three suggested BP thresholds, 66.1 percent, 74.0 percent, and 88.8 percent of patients were confirmed to meet the CMS threshold, respectively. There were no differences by gender, race, or triage acuity.
AHRQ-funded; HS000011.
Citation: Goldberg EM, Wilson T, Saucier C .
Achieving the BpTRUth: emergency department hypertension screening and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services quality measure.
J Am Soc Hypertens 2017 May;11(5):290-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.03.003.
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Keywords: Blood Pressure, Emergency Department, Quality Measures, Screening, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Quality of Care
Donnelly JP, Franco RA, Wang HE
Emergency department screening for hepatitis C virus: geographic reach and spatial clustering in central Alabama.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a growing problem, disproportionately affecting those born between 1945 and 1965. Here, we demonstrate the wide geographic reach and surveillance potential of emergency department-based screening and identify areas of elevated HCV infection in central Alabama that were socioeconomically disadvantaged compared with surrounding communities.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Donnelly JP, Franco RA, Wang HE .
Emergency department screening for hepatitis C virus: geographic reach and spatial clustering in central Alabama.
Clin Infect Dis 2016 Mar 1;62(5):613-6. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ984.
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Keywords: Hepatitis, Screening, Emergency Department, Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Galbraith JW, Franco RA, Donnelly JP
Unrecognized chronic hepatitis C virus infection among baby boomers in the emergency department.
The researchers described early experience with integrated opt-out HCV antibody (Ab) screening of medically stable baby boomers presenting to an urban academic ED. They observed high prevalence of unrecognized chronic HCV infection in this series of baby boomers presenting to the ED, highlighting the ED as an important venue for high-impact HCV screening and linkage to care.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Galbraith JW, Franco RA, Donnelly JP .
Unrecognized chronic hepatitis C virus infection among baby boomers in the emergency department.
Hepatology 2015 Mar;61(3):776-82. doi: 10.1002/hep.27410.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Hepatitis, Screening, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Emergency Department
Haukoos JS, Lyons MS, White DA
Acute HIV infection and implications of fourth-generation HIV screening in emergency departments.
This editorial discusses a study in the same journal issue that contributes substantially to the understanding of HIV screening in EDs by reporting programmatic results of nontargeted opt-out screening in a high-volume, urban ED. This study is unique in that it reports, for the first time in an ED setting, the use of fourth-generation HIV testing which improves detection of acute HIV infection.
AHRQ-funded; HS021749.
Citation: Haukoos JS, Lyons MS, White DA .
Acute HIV infection and implications of fourth-generation HIV screening in emergency departments.
Ann Emerg Med 2014 Nov;64(5):547-51. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.07.004..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Screening, Emergency Department, Urban Health