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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 5 of 5 Research Studies DisplayedDeshpande A, Klompas M, Yu PC A, Klompas M, Yu PC
Influenza testing and treatment among patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.
This study looked at testing rates for influenza in hospitalized patients admitted for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and whether it is associated with antiviral treatment and shorter antibiotic courses. The study included patients admitted in 179 US hospitals with pneumonia from 2010 to 2015. The authors assessed influenza testing and compared antimicrobial utilization and the outcomes of test-positive, test-negative, and untested patients. Among 166,268 patients with CAP, 23.3% were tested for influenza, of whom 11.5% tested positive. Testing increased from 15.4% to 35.5% from 2010 to 2015 and was more than triple the rate during flu season (October-May) vs June to September. Patients who tested positive for influenza received antiviral agents more often and antibiotics less often and for shorter courses than patients testing negative. Patients who received early antiviral treatment with oseltamivir experienced lower 14-day in-hospital mortality, lower costs, and shorter length of stay vs patients receiving oseltamivir later or not at all.
AHRQ-funded; HS024277.
Citation: Deshpande A, Klompas M, Yu PC A, Klompas M, Yu PC .
Influenza testing and treatment among patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.
Chest 2022 Sep;162(3):543-55. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.01.053..
Keywords: Influenza, Pneumonia, Community-Acquired Infections, Outcomes, Medication, Inpatient Care
Bartley PS, Deshpande A, Yu PC
Bacterial coinfection in influenza pneumonia: rates, pathogens, and outcomes.
Among patients hospitalized for influenza pneumonia, the researchers reported the rate of coinfection and distribution of pathogens and also compared outcomes of patients with and without bacterial coinfection. They found that, in a large US inpatient sample hospitalized with influenza and community-acquired pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent cause of bacterial coinfection. Coinfection was associated with worse outcomes and higher costs.
AHRQ-funded; HS024277.
Citation: Bartley PS, Deshpande A, Yu PC .
Bacterial coinfection in influenza pneumonia: rates, pathogens, and outcomes.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2022 Feb;43(2):212-17. doi: 10.1017/ice.2021.96..
Keywords: Influenza, Pneumonia, Infectious Diseases, Community-Acquired Infections
Albright K, Hurley LP, Lockhart S
Attitudes about adult vaccines and reminder/recall in a safety net population.
The objective of this study was to determine patient perspectives on adult vaccines generally; attitudes about Tdap, pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV-23), and seasonal influenza vaccines specifically; and preferences for adult reminder/recall delivery.
AHRQ-funded; HS022648.
Citation: Albright K, Hurley LP, Lockhart S .
Attitudes about adult vaccines and reminder/recall in a safety net population.
Vaccine 2017 Dec 19;35(52):7292-96. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.001..
Keywords: Influenza, Pneumonia, Vaccination, Prevention, Respiratory Conditions
Shrestha S, Foxman B, Berus J
AHRQ Author: Steiner C
The role of influenza in the epidemiology of pneumonia.
The researchers used longitudinal influenza and pneumonia incidence data, at different spatial resolutions and across different epidemiological periods, to infer the nature, timing and the intensity of influenza-pneumonia interaction. They concluded that influenza infection substantially enhances the risk of pneumonia, though only for a short period.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Shrestha S, Foxman B, Berus J .
The role of influenza in the epidemiology of pneumonia.
Sci Rep 2015 Oct 21;5:15314. doi: 10.1038/srep15314.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Influenza, Pneumonia
Shrestha S, Foxman B, Weinberger DM
AHRQ Author: Steiner C
Identifying the interaction between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia using incidence data.
The authors integrated weekly incidence reports and a mechanistic transmission model within a likelihood-based inference framework to characterize the nature, timing, and magnitude of the interaction between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia. They found support for a strong but short-lived interaction, with influenza infection increasing susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia ~100-fold. They inferred modest population-level impacts arising from strong processes at the level of an individual.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Shrestha S, Foxman B, Weinberger DM .
Identifying the interaction between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia using incidence data.
Sci Transl Med 2013 Jun 26;5(191):191ra84. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005982.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Influenza, Pneumonia