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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Antibiotics (1)
- Case Study (1)
- Children/Adolescents (3)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (4)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (4)
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (1)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Hospitals (1)
- (-) Infectious Diseases (15)
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (2)
- Medication (1)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (2)
- (-) Newborns/Infants (15)
- Patient-Centered Healthcare (1)
- Patient Safety (2)
- Pregnancy (2)
- Prevention (2)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Risk (2)
- Sepsis (1)
- Women (2)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 15 of 15 Research Studies DisplayedTabatneck ME, He W, Lamb GS
Interferon gamma release asssay results and testing trends among patients younger than 2 years old at two US health centers.
Researchers performed a retrospective cohort study of interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) use for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in patients under 2 years old in two large Boston healthcare systems. A total of 321 IGRA results were analyzed; over 90 percent were valid. The proportion of invalid/indeterminate results was found to be significantly higher among immunocompromised patients. The researchers concluded that the high proportion of valid IGRA test results in patients less than 2 years of age in a low TB prevalence setting supported the adoption of IGRAs for this age group in certain clinical scenarios. They note that the interpretation of IGRAs, particularly in immunocompromised patients, should consider the broader clinical context.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Tabatneck ME, He W, Lamb GS .
Interferon gamma release asssay results and testing trends among patients younger than 2 years old at two US health centers.
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023 Mar; 42(3):189-94. doi: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003794..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Infectious Diseases
Michelson KA, Neuman MI, Pruitt CM
Height of fever and invasive bacterial infection.
This study evaluated the association of higher fevers with invasive bacterial infection (IBI) among febrile infants ≤60 days of age. Maximum temperatures of febrile infants with IBI were compared to infants without IBI. The median temperature was higher for infants with IBI (38.8°C) compared to those without IBI (38.4°C). Temperatures ranges of 39°C-39.4°C and 39.5°C-39.9°C were associated with a higher likelihood of IBI, although 30.4% of febrile infants with IBI had maximum temperatures <38.5°C.
AHRQ-funded; HS026006; HS026503.
Citation: Michelson KA, Neuman MI, Pruitt CM .
Height of fever and invasive bacterial infection.
Arch Dis Child 2021 Jun;106(6):594-96. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318548..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Infectious Diseases, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Risk
Barrero-Castillero A, Beam KS, Bernardini LB
COVID-19: neonatal-perinatal perspectives.
This review provides a comprehensive overview of neonatal-perinatal perspectives of COVID-19, ranging from the basic science of infection and recommendations for care of pregnant women and neonates to important psychosocial, ethical, and racial/ethnic topics emerging as a result of both the pandemic and the response of the healthcare community to the care of infected individuals.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Barrero-Castillero A, Beam KS, Bernardini LB .
COVID-19: neonatal-perinatal perspectives.
J Perinatol 2021 May;41(5):940-51. doi: 10.1038/s41372-020-00874-x..
Keywords: COVID-19, Newborns/Infants, Infectious Diseases, Pregnancy, Women
Flannery DD, Akinboyo IC, Mukhopadhyay S
Antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli among infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units across the US From 2009 to 2017.
Investigators assessed the epidemiologic characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of E coli in infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units in the US over time. Using the Premier Health Database, they found nonsusceptibility to commonly administered antibiotics in substantial proportions of neonatal E coli isolates, with no significant change from 2009 to 2017. They suggested that their findings may inform empirical antibiotic choices for newborn infants.
AHRQ-funded; HS027468.
Citation: Flannery DD, Akinboyo IC, Mukhopadhyay S .
Antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli among infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units across the US From 2009 to 2017.
JAMA Pediatr 2021 Feb;175(2):168-75. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.4719..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Antibiotics, Medication, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Infectious Diseases
Wang ME, Neuman MI, Nigrovic LE
Characteristics of afebrile infants ≤60 days of age with invasive bacterial infections.
The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of afebrile infants ≤60 days old with invasive bacterial infection (IBI). The investigators conducted a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study of infants ≤60 days old with IBI presenting to the emergency departments (EDs) of 11 children's hospitals from 2011 to 2016. The investigators concluded that most afebrile young infants with an IBI had vital sign, examination, or laboratory abnormalities.
AHRQ-funded; HS026006.
Citation: Wang ME, Neuman MI, Nigrovic LE .
Characteristics of afebrile infants ≤60 days of age with invasive bacterial infections.
Hosp Pediatr 2021 Jan;11(1):100-05. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-002204..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Infectious Diseases
Schafer R, Phillippi JC
Group B streptococcal bacteriuria in pregnancy: an evidence-based, patient-centered approach to care.
Screening and management of group B streptococcus (GBS) bacteriuria in pregnancy aims to reduce the incidence of pyelonephritis and GBS-related neonatal morbidity and mortality. This article used a case study approach to discuss evidence-based, patient-centered care for group B streptococcal bacteriuria in pregnancy as well as ethical incorporation of individual patient preferences and values.
AHRQ-funded; HS024733.
Citation: Schafer R, Phillippi JC .
Group B streptococcal bacteriuria in pregnancy: an evidence-based, patient-centered approach to care.
J Midwifery Womens Health 2020 May;65(3):376-81. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.13085..
Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Pregnancy, Women, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Evidence-Based Practice, Newborns/Infants, Sepsis, Case Study
Brower LH, Wilson PM, Murtagh-Kurowski E
Evaluation for neonatal HSV in infants undergoing workup for serious bacterial infection: a 5-year retrospective review.
The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of infants evaluated for serious bacterial infection, focusing on empirical testing and treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and describe the characteristics of HSV-positive patients. The investigators concluded that the absence of fever should not preclude a workup for HSV in neonates, and when a workup is initiated, emphasis should be placed on obtaining samples from serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and surface specimens.
AHRQ-funded; HS026763.
Citation: Brower LH, Wilson PM, Murtagh-Kurowski E .
Evaluation for neonatal HSV in infants undergoing workup for serious bacterial infection: a 5-year retrospective review.
Hosp Pediatr 2020 Jun;10(6):463-70. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-0033..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Infectious Diseases, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Milstone AM, Voskertchian A, Koontz DW
Effect of treating parents colonized with Staphylococcus aureus on transmission to neonates in the intensive care unit: a randomized clinical trial.
This study examined the effect of treating parents of neonates in the intensive care unit (NICUs) with intranasal mupirocin and topical chlorhexidine compared with a placebo treatment and whether it reduces transmission of Staphlyococcus aureus to their babies. A double-blind randomized trial was conducted at 2 tertiary NICUs in Baltimore, MD from November 2014 to December 2018. Parents were given intranasal treatments for 5 days. Of the intervention group 13 of 89 neonates acquired S aureus, and in the control group 29 of 101 neonates acquired S aureus with the same strain as their parents. The results showed a significant reduction in transmission.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Milstone AM, Voskertchian A, Koontz DW .
Effect of treating parents colonized with Staphylococcus aureus on transmission to neonates in the intensive care unit: a randomized clinical trial.
JAMA 2020 Jan;323(4):295-386. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.20785..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Patient Safety, Prevention
Fleischer E, Neuman MI, Wang ME
Cerebrospinal fluid profiles of infants </=60 days of age with bacterial meningitis.
This study’s aim was to describe the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profiles in infants 60 days old or younger with bacterial meningitis and characteristics of infants with bacterial meningitis who do not have CSF abnormalities. Infants with culture-positive bacterial meningitis were evaluated in emergency departments of 11 children’s hospitals between 2011 and 2016. Clinical and laboratory data were abstracted from their medical records. Sensitivity of a CFS Gram-stain and corrected CSF pleocytosis was calculated for bacterial meningitis. Most infants 60 days or younger with bacterial meningitis have CSF pleocytosis or a positive Gram-stain result. Bacterial meningitis was unlikely in infants with no CSF pleocytosis and a negative Gram-stain result.
AHRQ-funded; HS026006.
Citation: Fleischer E, Neuman MI, Wang ME .
Cerebrospinal fluid profiles of infants </=60 days of age with bacterial meningitis.
Hosp Pediatr 2019 Dec;9(12):979-82. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2019-0202..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Children/Adolescents, Infectious Diseases
Cruz AT, Nigrovic LE, Xie J
Predictors of invasive herpes simplex virus infection in young infants.
This study’s objective was to identify independent predictors of invasive herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in infants aged 60 days or less. This 23-center nested case-control study matched 149 infants with HSV to 1340 controls. All were 60 days or less old and had cerebrospinal fluid obtained within 24 hours of presentation or had HSV detected. Of the 149 infants with HSV, 90 had invasive and 59 had skin, eyes, and mouth disease. Predictors independently associated with invasive HSV included younger age (<28 days), prematurity, seizure at home, ill appearance, abnormal triage temperature, vesicular rash, thrombocytopenia, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Infants with invasive HSV had a higher median risk score than those without invasive HSV.
AHRQ-funded; HS026006; HS025138.
Citation: Cruz AT, Nigrovic LE, Xie J .
Predictors of invasive herpes simplex virus infection in young infants.
Pediatrics 2021 Sep;148(3). doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-050052..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Infectious Diseases, Risk
Aronson PL, Cruz AT, Freedman SB
Association of herpes simplex virus testing with hospital length of stay for infants </=60 days of age undergoing evaluation for meningitis.
The objective of this study was to examine the association of cerebrospinal fluid herpes simplex virus polymerase chain reaction (CSF HSV PCR) testing with length of stay in a 20-center retrospective cohort of hospitalized infants aged </=60 days undergoing evaluation for meningitis after adjustment for patient-level factors and clustering by center. The investigators found that of 20,496 eligible infants, 7,399 (36.1%) had a CSF HSV PCR test performed, and 46 (0.6% of those tested) had a positive test.
AHRQ-funded; HS026006.
Citation: Aronson PL, Cruz AT, Freedman SB .
Association of herpes simplex virus testing with hospital length of stay for infants </=60 days of age undergoing evaluation for meningitis.
J Hosp Med 2019 Aug;14(8):492-95. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3202..
Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Infectious Diseases, Newborns/Infants
Khamash DF, Mongodin EF, White JR
The association between the developing nasal microbiota of hospitalized neonates and Staphylococcus aureus colonization.
This research studied the association between hospitalized neonates who develop Staphylococcus aureus infections and nasal microbiota populations that preceded infection. Nares samples were obtained for neonates who were screened weekly for S. aureus. DNA was extracted and DNA of the bacterias were sequenced. It was found that controls and treated cases had a higher abundance of genes that contributed to the synthesis of natural antimicrobial compounds from several commensal bacterial types.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Khamash DF, Mongodin EF, White JR .
The association between the developing nasal microbiota of hospitalized neonates and Staphylococcus aureus colonization.
Open Forum Infect Dis 2019 Apr;6(4):ofz062. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofz062..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitalization, Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, Newborns/Infants
Voskertchian A, Akinboyo IC, Colantuoni E
Association of an active surveillance and decolonization program on incidence of clinical cultures growing Staphylococcus aureus in the neonatal intensive care unit.
In this article, the authors discuss the association of an active surveillance and decolonization program on incidence of clinical cultures growing Staphylococcus aureus in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). They suggest that incorporating methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) screening into a NICU’s infection control protocol may be an important step to reduce S. aureus infections in the vulnerable neonatal population.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Voskertchian A, Akinboyo IC, Colantuoni E .
Association of an active surveillance and decolonization program on incidence of clinical cultures growing Staphylococcus aureus in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018 Jul;39(7):882-84. doi: 10.1017/ice.2018.81..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Newborns/Infants
Khamash DF, Voskertchian A, Milstone AM
Manipulating the microbiome: evolution of a strategy to prevent S. aureus disease in children.
Hospitalized infants have the highest rates of invasive Staphylococcus aureus disease of any population and infection control strategies such as decolonization have been insufficient. In this article, the authors review what is known about bacterial communities in the nasal cavity of infants and discuss how future microbiome studies may help identify novel interventions to protect high-risk infants from S. aureus disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Khamash DF, Voskertchian A, Milstone AM .
Manipulating the microbiome: evolution of a strategy to prevent S. aureus disease in children.
J Perinatol 2018 Feb;38(2):105-09. doi: 10.1038/jp.2017.155..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Children/Adolescents, Prevention, Newborns/Infants, Patient Safety
Pitzer VE, Viboud C, Alonso WJ
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Environmental drivers of the spatiotemporal dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in the United States.
The authors examined the association between environmental variables and state-specific measures of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasonality. They found that states with low mean vapor pressure and the largest seasonal variation in potential evapotranspiration tended to experience biennial patterns of RSV activity, with alternating years of "early-big" and "late-small" epidemics. Their results successfully connected environmental drivers to the epidemic dynamics of RSV; however, the results do not fully explain why RSV activity begins in Florida, one of the warmest states, when RSV is a winter-seasonal pathogen.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Pitzer VE, Viboud C, Alonso WJ .
Environmental drivers of the spatiotemporal dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in the United States.
PLoS Pathog 2015 Jan;11(1):e1004591. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004591.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Newborns/Infants, Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Conditions